• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2004

User-Centered Design Approach plays important role in dealing with usability issues for developing modern technology products. Yet it is still questionable whether the User-Centered approach is enough for the development of successful consumer contents since the User-Centered Design is originated from the software engineering field where meeting customers' functional requirement is the most critical aspect in developing a software. However, modern consumer market is already saturated and in order to meet ever increasing consumer requirements, the User-Centered Design approach needs to be expanded. As a way of incorporating the User-Centered Approach into the consumer product development, Jordan suggested the 'Pleasure-based Approach' in industrial design field, which usually generates multi-dimensional user requirements: 1)physical, 2)cognitive, 3)identity and 4) social. It is the current tendency that many portal and community service providers focus on fulfilling both functional and emotional needs for users when developing new items, contents and services. Previously fulfilling consumers' emotional needs solely depend on visual designer's graphical sense and capability. However, taking the customer-centered approach on withdrawing consumers' unknown needs is getting critical in the competitive market environment. This paper reviews different types of user research techniques and categorized into 6 ways based on Kano(1992)'s product quality model. Based on his theory, only performance factors, such as suability, can be identified through the user-centered design approach. The user-centered design approach has to be expanded to include factors include personality, sociability, pleasure, and so on. In order to identify performance as well as excellent factors through user research, a user-research framework was established and tested through the case study, which is ' the development of new online service for teens '. The results of the user research were summarized at the end of the paper and the pros and cons of each research techniques were analyzed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.488-496
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• 2016

A survey of the satisfaction of school meals and food preferences was conducted with an objective to enhance the quality of food service. The study conducted a survey for 292 middle school students (152 boys and 140 girls), who were either in $1^{st}$ or $2^{nd}$ year. According to the general information, the number of $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ year students was 134 and 158, respectively. Usually, the mother (92.8%) prepared meal the most, followed in order by the grandmother (5.8%) and father (1.4%). The top priorities of choosing food were taste (82.9%), good for health (6.5%), nutritional value (4.5%), and flavor (3.1%). The satisfaction was investigated using a 5 point scale. The satisfaction of taste was rice ($3.99{\pm}0.74$), side dishes ($3.99{\pm}0.65$), soup ($3.61{\pm}0.86$), kimchi ($3.54{\pm}1.12$). The satisfaction of quantity was rice ($3.88{\pm}0.83$), soup ($3.87{\pm}0.79$), kimchi ($3.80{\pm}0.89$), and side dishes ($3.71{\pm}0.93$). The satisfaction of diversity was side dishes ($4.09{\pm}0.67$), rice ($4.01{\pm}0.77$), soup ($4.01{\pm}0.64$), kimchi ($3.84{\pm}0.86$). For food preferences, the noodle was ranked highest while vegetables showed the lowest. Overall, support will be needed to develop diverse menus for students. This study suggests the need for active nutrition education for establishing proper eating habits.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.309-317
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• 1987

The raw milk produced in Korea was heated at $70^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $95^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C/15sec.$. The changes in chemical composition and microbiological aspects of the milk were summarized as following results: 1. In high temperature pasteurized milks as the heat treatment increased, pH value decreased but protein, fat, lactose and ash did not show significant changes in their contents while casein nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen increased but non-casein nitrogen and filterable nitrogen decreased in their contents. 2. Calcium content of raw milk decreased from 119.79mg/100g to 111.86mg/100g at $75^{\circ}C$ and to 106.24mg/100g at $100^{\circ}C$. Vitamin C decreased from $1.37mg/100m{\ell}$ of raw milk to $1.15mg/100m{\ell}$ at $75^{\circ}C$ and $0.94mg/100m{\ell}$ at $100^{\circ}C$. Artificial digestibility increased as the heat treatment got higher. 3. Viable bacteria counts decreased from $9.0{\times}10^3/m{\ell}$ at $75^{\circ}C$ to $3.4{\times}10^2/m{\ell}$ at $100^{\circ}C$. Coliforms were not found at $70^{\circ}C$ and thermoduric bacteria, thermophiles, psychrotrophic bacteria, mould and yeast decreased rapidly as the heat treatment increased. 4. The results of Keeping quality test for high temperature pasteurized milk showed that the' milks preserved at $25^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ were clotted just after 1 day but the milk preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ showed good shelf life which did not have any deterioration in titratable acidity, microorganisms and com positions.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.139-163
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to build up the expert system with more subdivided qualifications and improved qualities with the development of the security industry. And also it is to analyze a survey measuring how satisfied they are with curriculum, teaching faculty, educational administration, facilities among 439 private guards completing a course in Korea private guard educational institution and registered in the National Police Agency in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla province. For this, SPSS(Statistical Packages for Social Science) 15.0 Version was adapted to analyze and other analysis methods used for this study are like these: frequency, reliability analysis, regressive analysis, moderated multiple regression, post hoc test for categorizing the performance changes, looking into the characteristics, examining closely job performance, intention to quit one's job, and inquiring into the influence how satisfaction measurement at education training satisfaction makes on carrying out one's job. Firstly, The Effect Satisfaction at The Program has on Performing One's Duty With respect to job performance, curriculum, educational administration, teaching abilities have positive influences on it. On the other hand, with respect to quitting one's job, curriculum just makes positive effects on leaving one's work statistically. It indicates that systematic and effective curriculum, administration, teaching faculty or contents with high quality rather than just education facilities would make the task performance excellent and satisfaction at the program well in regards to making effects on the task performance. Secondly, The Effect Satisfaction at The Program has on Performing One's Duty with Social Supports Despite being the fact that statistically any strong correlation between curriculum and social supports, one between education facilities and social supports, one between teaching abilities and social supports, and one between educational administration and social supports do not have influences on carrying out job performance, it turns out that satisfaction at the program and social supports make positive effects on performing one's task. In conclusion, the entire social system and support need to be improved and some institutions appropriate for satisfaction at the program should be established as soon as possible.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2008

Although the EGSE (Electrical Ground Support Equipment) and MCS (Mission Control System) have many similar or even identical functions, the EGSE used for assembly, integration and validation phase and the MCS for the mission operations phase are normally developed separately and used by different groups of engineers. However, the common ground system for EGSE and MCS has developed and many space missions such as PROBA (PRoject for On-Board Autonomy), ROSETTA, MARS EXPRESS, CRYOSAT (Cryosphere Satellite), GOCE (Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer), and GALILEO have used or will use it to minimize risk, reduce cost and improve overall product quality. It is based on ECSS (European Cooperation for Space Standards) E70 which is the international standard for ground systems and operations published by ECSS E70 Working Group. The ECSS E70 contains the basic rules, principles and requirements applied to the engineering of the ground systems and the execution of mission operations. This paper introduces standardization policy, organization and standard documentation in ECSS. The overview of ECSS E70 such as status, purpose and contents is also described in this paper.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 1981

The influence of high temperature storage on the chemical composition and color intensity of the concentrated red ginseng extract(RGE) was investigated. The concentrated RGE was prepared by extraction of red ginseng tails with water and concentrated under reduced pressure. Changes in free sugars, saponin patterns and brown color intensity were measured during 96 hours of heat treatment at various temperature. A decrease in the contents of glucose, fructose and sucrose was resulted as the brown color intensity increased during the storage. The sugar contents and color intensity showed rapid initial change followed by slowing down at higher temperature. A significant relationship was found between sugar content and browning rate. The saponin pattern measured by high performance liquid chromatography, particularly in the region of protopanaxtriol, was also affected significantly. The peak heights of ginsenoside -Re and $-Rg_1$ were decreased while those of ginsenoside $-Rg_2$ and -Rh group were increased.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.954-960
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• 2003

To develop mobile phone antenna modules, glass-ceramics composites that are 20∼80 dielectric constant materials which has been fabricated. The glass-ceramics composites were based in the BNT (BaO-Nd$_2$O$_3$-TiO$_2$), and properties-a sintering and dielectric property-were investigated in its composites according to the $K_2$O-CaO-P$_2$O$_{5}$ system glass frits. The prepared ceramics were sintered at 900∼120$0^{\circ}C$ with the glass frit contents ranging from 10 to 40 wt%. The shrinkage and relative density grew into increasing glass frits and sintering temperature. Sintered composites showed the tendency that the dielectric constant ($\varepsilon$$_{r}$) and quality factor (Q${\times}$f) decreased in increasing glass frits and sintering temperature.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.288-298
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• 2001

This article makes an attempt to evaluate the extent of developing community health nursing knowledge and to suggest the direction of developing a body of knowledge henceforth through the results of analysis for contents and outcomes of all literatures. which have been published in the Journal related to community health nursing. Refer to the following for the result of this article. 1. The total number of literatures analyzed amounted to 100 pieces in Journal of community health nursing society. 78 in Journal of industrial nursing society, 134 in Journal of school health society. 40 in Journal of home care nursing society. 2. Journal of community health nursing society Health needs and educational-behavioral diagnoses, which are more concrete nursing assessments and diagnoses. formed the main current(54%) of articles published in Journal of community health nursing society since 1992. There was a quantitative growth as well as a qualitative advance. Through a classification by the type of a body of knowledge. It was found that the knowledge providing nursing practice with bases, commanded an overwhelming majority(71.8%). Also, Researches on systemic supports for nursing practice are showing a tendency to increase. 3. Journal of industrial nursing society 52.6% of research papers presented in Journal of industrial nursing society dealt with health problem of workers. assessment of risk factors, diagnosis of health behaviors. Because of the beginning of an industrial nursing, the domain of nursing management to establish the role and task, work condition, training. documentary system made up 23 percent of research, subjects. A knowledge providing nursing practice with bases have a majority, 69.2%. In addition. the subject concerning a systemic support and quality assurance was scarce but continuously presented. 4. Journal of school health society The major point of this journal is the identification of health problems and risk factors which belong to assessment and diagnosis domain(56.8%) regardless of year, Because of the interdisciplinary characteristic. The knowledge on quality assurance of nursing practice is relatively rare. But, articles related to a systemic support is plentiful. 5. Journal of home care nursing society In its infancy, there was a large number of papers concerning need assessment and diagnosis, Comparing others, this journal has introduced a good many of articles related to program management. delivery system. service fee, etc that belong to domain of systemic support for nursing practice. 6. It is showing definitely that quantity and extent of research have grown for a short period. See the analysis in terms of nursing process, studies related to the domain of assessment and diagnosis command an absolute majority regardless of kinds of journal. Although articles referring to program management and implementation is increasing in number, it is scarce to evaluate a nursing program and grope for an improvement. Also, program development based on a theoretical framework is little. Therefore much more scientific effort to ensure profession should be executed. 7. In the methodological aspect, longitudinal study needs to be carried out so that we could show the evidence based nursing theory. To develop a more general theory, we have to conduct a study of various subjects and improve a validity of tools through a repeat test. In addition, the effort for interdisciplinary cooperation is needed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 2011

An exhibition is defined as market events for specific duration to present exhibitors' main products to business or private visitors, and it plays a key role as effective marketing channels. As the importance of exhibition is getting more and more, domestic exhibition industry has achieved such a great quantitative growth. But, In contrast to the quantitative growth of domestic exhibition industry, the qualitative growth of Exhibition has not achieved competent growth. In order to improve the quality of exhibition, we need to understand the preference or behavior characteristics of visitors and to increase the level of visitors' attention and satisfaction through the understanding of visitors. So, in this paper, we used the observation survey method which is a kind of field research to understand visitors and collect the real data for the analysis of behavior pattern. And this research proposed the following methodology framework consisting of three steps. First step is to select a suitable exhibition to apply for our method. Second step is to implement the observation survey method. And we collect the real data for further analysis. In this paper, we conducted the observation survey method to obtain the real data of the KIDS & EDU EXPO for Children in SETEC. Our methodology was conducted on 160 visitors and 78 booths from November 4th to 6th in 2010. And, the last step is to analyze the record data through observation. In this step, we analyze the feature of exhibition using Demographic Characteristics collected by observation survey method at first. And then we analyze the individual booth features by the records of visited booth. Through the analysis of individual booth features, we can figure out what kind of events attract the attention of visitors and what kind of marketing activities affect the behavior pattern of visitors. But, since previous research considered only individual features influenced by exhibition, the research about the correlation among features is not performed much. So, in this research, additional analysis is carried out to supplement the existing research with data mining techniques. And we analyze the relation among booths using data mining techniques to know behavior patterns of visitors. Among data mining techniques, we make use of two data mining techniques, such as clustering analysis and ARM(Association Rule Mining) analysis. In clustering analysis, we use K-means algorithm to figure out the correlation among booths. Through data mining techniques, we figure out that there are two important features to affect visitors' behavior patterns in exhibition. One is the geographical features of booths. The other is the exhibit contents of booths. Those features are considered when the organizer of exhibition plans next exhibition. Therefore, the results of our analysis are expected to provide guideline to understanding visitors and some valuable insights for the exhibition from the earlier phases of exhibition planning. Also, this research would be a good way to increase the quality of visitor satisfaction. Visitors' movement paths, booth location, and distances between each booth are considered to plan next exhibition in advance. This research was conducted at the KIDS & EDU EXPO for Children in SETEC(Seoul Trade Exhibition & Convention), but it has some constraints to be applied directly to other exhibitions. Also, the results were derived from a limited number of data samples. In order to obtain more accurate and reliable results, it is necessary to conduct more experiments based on larger data samples and exhibitions on a variety of genres.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the forage production and quality of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and forage barley developed by Korea in Suwon, 2009~'10. The nine treatments were two IRG varieties (Kowinearly with early maturity and Kowinmaster with medium maturity), five barley varieties (Youngyang, Wooho, Yuyeon, Dami and Youho), and two mixtures (Kowinearly + Yuyeon and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon). The heading dates of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 14 May and 18 May, respectively. The growth stage of barley investigated at 22 May were late milk in Youngyang and Wooho, early dough in Dami and early to medium dough in Yuyeon and Youho. Plant length of IRG in IRG + barley mixtures was 117~118 cm, which was longer than those of IRG monoculture of 98~101 cm, and no lodging was found in mixtures. The dry matter (DM) percentage at harvest was 20.7~25.4% in all treatments. The botanical composition of IRG in mixtures was 43.1%. The percentage of spike per barley plant was become high according to progressed maturity, as a 35.7%, 44.1%, 54.8% and 57.2% in late milk, dough, yellowish and full ripeness stage, respectively, and the spike percentages of Youngyang and Wooho were tends to high. The crude protein (CP) content of IRG as 9.0~10.0% was higher than that of barley (7.0~8.5%), and the contents of NDF and ADF of barley were lower than those of IRG, and in vitro DM digestibility were 64.4% in Kowinearly, 64.1% in Kowinmaster, 64.5% in mixture, and 60.2% (Youho) to 66.4% (Wooho) in barley. The yields of DM, CP and in vitro digestible DM were high in Kowinmaster+barley mixture as a 11,508 kg, 1,046 kg and 7,422 kg per ha, respectively (p<0.05). However, no significant differences in forage yield were observed among cultivar of IRG, and barley, although Wooho was tends to high in digestibility and forage yield among five barley varieties. In conclusion, the mixture cultivation of IRG Kowinmaster + forage barley was recommended, because of preventing of IRG lodging, higher plant length of IRG, increasing of forage yield, and stable production. Selection of suitable winter forage species and variety for district, climate environment, and utilization type of farm was also important.