• Title/Summary/Keyword: purple and black

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Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Fermented Milk Adding Black Carrot Extracts Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae로 발효한 자색당근을 첨가한 발효유의 품질 및 관능 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Bae Keun;Kang, Suna;Han, Jung In;Park, Sunmin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.370-376
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    • 2015
  • In this study, we compared the organoleptic and other qualities of fermented milk containing 10 or 15% purple carrot extract that had either been previously fermented with Aspergillus oryzae or not fermented. Fermentation characteristics, pH, chromaticity, viscosity, viable cell counts, and sensory evaluations were measured. The pH and acid values did not differ between purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and non-fermented extract. Viable cell counts were significantly higher in 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae compared to the control after fermentation. Regarding characteristic changes, purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae group showed a lower red value but higher yellow value compared with non-fermented purple carrot extract due to heat-sterilization. Both fermented and non-fermented extract groups showed significantly increased viscosity compared to control. In the sensory evaluation, 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae showed the highest score. In conclusion, addition of 15% purple carrot extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae resulted in a superior fermented milk product.

Allelic Gene Interaction and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of Purple Pericarp Trait for Yield Improvement in Black Rice (흑미의 자색종자과피 형질을 결정하는 대립유전자와 안토시아닌 생성의 상호관계)

  • Rahman, Md Mominur;Lee, Kyung Eun;Kang, Sang Gu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.727-736
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    • 2016
  • Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops for consumption by the world’s population. Recently, various colored rice, such as white, red, brown, green, and black rice, have caught the attention of world consumers. The commercial name ‘black rice’ contains a high amount of anthocyanins in pericarp, which increases nutritional value. Moreover, anthocyanin in black rice possesses biomedical properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects in humans. In genetics, black rice has a dominant PURPLE PERICARP (Prp) trait governed by two genes, Pb and Pp, which are involved in the synthesis of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G). Since the publication of a report by Nagai at 1921, the genetics and physiological studies of black rice driven by Prp traits are still unable to understand the relevant genes and their roles. However, with the increased demand for anthocyanin-rich black rice as a functional food for human health, it has become urgent to develop highyielding anthocyanin-rich varieties of rice. We explored many years in the genetics of purple pericarp trait, anthocyanin biosynthesis in pericarp during seed development, and, consequently, their products in relation to different physiological and agronomic traits. In this review, we summarized the anthocyanin biosynthesis in pericarp, emphasizing the inheritance pattern of the trait and functions of their products on different physiological and agronomic traits, including the yield of black rice.

MAIN COLORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S DRAWINGS OF THE DENTIST AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE DENTAL ANXIETY (유치원 아동이 그린 치과의사 그림의 주조색과 아동의 치과불안도의 연관성에 관한 연구)

  • You, Doo-Seon;Lee, Kwang-Hee;Kim, Dae-Eop;Ro, Dong-Ju
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.235-246
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    • 1997
  • This study was done as a pilot study to develop a color test measuring children's dental anxiety. The subjects of study were 511 preschool children aged from 3 to 6. Caries experience was examined. Children's drawings of the dentist were collected and analyzed by the method of human figure drawing test modified by Sonnenberg and Venham. Colors of high dental anxiety level were black, brown, purple, red, yellow, pink, green, orange, blue, gray, yellow ochre, and white in that order. Colors of high frequency of use were yellow ochre, green, blue, red, orange, pink, black & purple, yellow, brown, gray, and white in that order. As the age increased, white & gray, yellow ochre, and blue increased and black, purple, and pink decreased. Boys liked green and blue, and girls liked orange and yellow. Filled teeth rate was highest in yellow ochre group and very low in black group. Children who had an educational dental visit before the test used green color more than the rest of children.

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The Characteristics and Change of Colors on Fashion Collections in 1990s

  • Kim, Honey;Kim, Young-In
    • International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.18-31
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to examine color characteristics and color changes of the fashion collections through 1990s, and to provide the efficient color information for color planning upon fashion themes. For this research, a total of 30,084 colors were collected from Paris, Milan, London, New York Collections in 1990s. Those colors were first measured by the Pantone Textile Color Specifier and COS Color System and spectrophotometer(color eye 580). These measured color values $L^{\ast}a^{\ast}b^{\ast}$of CIE were converted into H V/C of Munsell System, and 12 tones of PCCS with 5 achromatic colors. The characteristics of collected colors were analyzed in general and by place, season and year. The results of the study are as follows : First, the hues of purple blue, yellow red, red, yellow and the tones of grayish, pale, white, black, dark grayish, dull, light grayish appeared mostly. Yellow was shown quite frequently in spring/summer while purple, purple blue, red and yellow red in fall/winter. White, pale, light, light grayish and light gray were shown more frequently in spring/summer while Black, dark grayish, grayish, dark gray and dark in fall/winter. Second, the characteristics of colors by 4 representative places were similar to the general characteristics of colors in 1990's. Third, There were distributed widely Red, Yellow Red, Yellow in the early 1990s, Green Yellow, Green, Blue Green in the mid of 1990s, and Purple Blue, Purple in the late of 1990s. The distribution range of chromatic colors showed wide in both of the early of 1990s and the mid of 1990s for a while, and achromatic colors of grayish, gray and black appeared mostly in the late of 1900s.

Kinds and Types of Dyes Used in the Joseon Dynasty (조선시대 염료의 종류와 유형)

  • Kim, Soon-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.201-215
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    • 2014
  • This study explores the kinds and types of dyes used in the Joseon Dynasty. Some literature including "Sanga Yorok", "Gyuhap Chongseo", "Imwon Gyeonjeji" were reviewed for this purpose. The findings are as follows. The colors obtained from the dyes were divided into seven color series, such as red, yellow and orange, green, blue, purple, brown, gray and black. These are practical color categories differed from abstract five cardinal colors [五方色]. The diachronic dyes used during the Joseon Dynasty were safflower and Japanese alder bark for red, indigo leaves for blue, gromwell for purple, chestnut tree bark for brown. The representative dyes used in the late Joseon Dynasty were safflower and sappan wood for red, wild pear tree bark and Pentapetes phoenicea for yellow and orange, indigo leaves for blue, sappan wood and gromwell for purple, mulberry tree for brown, and Chinese ink for gray. Common dyes used both in Joseon and China were safflower and sappan wood for red, pagoda tree blossom for yellow, a combination of pagoda tree blossom (or Amur cork tree) and indigo leaves (or sediment) for green, indigo leavers or sediment for blue, sappan wood and hollyhock for purple, and a combination of indigo leaves and Galla Rhois for gray and black.

Color Rank System of the Court Wonsam of Joseon Dynasty (조선시대 궁중 원삼의 신분별 색상 연구)

  • Park, Hyun-Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.33 no.10
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    • pp.1552-1563
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    • 2009
  • This paper investigates the color rank system of the Wonsam, ceremonial topcoat, worn as a court formal costume of the Joseon dynasty by analyzing the court costume system and the actual examples of wearing. The research shows that there were some discrepancies of the color rank of the Wonsam between the court costume system and the actual wearing examples. There were red, purple, blue, green, and black Wonsam in the Joseon dynasty. The color rank of the Wonsam is as follows: the Queen's color was red, the Crown Princess's was green and purple, the royal concubine's was usually green and blue, but they could wear purple when they won the King's favor. A prince's wife's was usually green, but she wore blue and purple if she became the mother of the King. The princess's was green, and the court lady's was green, blue, and black. In most cases, the textiles of Wonsam were made by silk with patterns, even though Joseon dynasty was ordered to use silks without patterns in court weddings and funeral ceremonies to avoid extravagance.

Antioxidative Activity of Cheonggukjang Prepared with Purple Sweet Potato (자색고구마 첨가 청국장의 항산화능 평가)

  • Lee, MinJi;Lee, Yu Geon;Cho, Jung-Il;Na, Kwang-Chool;Kim, Mi Seung;Moon, Jae-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.224-230
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    • 2014
  • The characteristics and antioxidative activities of yellow and black soybean cheonggukjang prepared with the addition of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Jami) were evaluated. In sensory evaluation experiments involving the addition of purple sweet potatoes to cheonggukjang at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% ratios (w/w), yellow (YCAP) and black (BCAP) soybean cheonggukjang with 20% purple sweet potato were most preferred. The total phenolics and flavonoid contents of YCAP and BCAP were higher than those of yellow (YC) and black (BC) cheonggukjang prepared without added purple sweet potato. YCAP and BCAP also showed higher DPPH radical-scavenging activities than other samples. Moreover, rat blood plasma samples taken 1 h after oral administration of YCAP and BCAP showed higher inhibitory effects against lipid peroxidation than did rats fed YC or BC. These results suggest that the long-term intake of cheonggukjang prepared with purple sweet potato may increase the antioxidative activity in the blood.

Color Preference Study for Mountain-Climbing Wear According to Gender (남·여 등산객의 등산복 색채 선호 비교 연구)

  • Nan, Mei-Lin;Kim, Chan-Ju;Lim, Hye-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.61 no.10
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    • pp.16-31
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    • 2011
  • This paper aims to identify the similarities and differences of color preference for mountain climbing wear according to gender, season and item. Total of 749 photos of mountain climbers were taken in 2009 during weekends in May and October at two mountains in Seoul. In order to analyze color by hue and tone, all the data were digitalized using Photoshop and converted to HV/C by using the Munsell Conversion software. For the purpose of data analysis, 13 colors of hue, including 10 base colors of the Munsel color system plus white, gray and black, and 12 tones of PCCS were grouped into 5 groups according to close distance. Jumper, t-shirts, vest and pants were selected as the 4 item categories. Results showed that there were clear differences in color preference based on gender. Women, with a preference for red, reddish purple, black, purple and blue, displayed wider range of choices in color as compared to men, who preferred black and blue color throughout all seasons. Yellow, green, and greenish blue were less preferred by both men and women. For pants, black represented over 90% as the main color for both genders. Overall, men preferred dark tones and women preferred vivid and bright tones. Moreover, there were less distinct differences in color preference according to season and item.

Malting and Brewing Quality of Colored Barley (유색보리의 제맥 및 양조 특성)

  • Kim, Mi-Jung;Park, Jong-Chul;Hyun, Jong-Nae;Kim, Jung-Tae;Kim, Sun-Lim;Lee, Choon-Ki;Kwon, Young-Up
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of colored barley in malting and brewing properties and the possibility of utilizing pigments in colored barley as functional components in malting and brewing products. Purple and blue barley grains contained anthocyanins. However, about 80% and 20% of anthocyanins in the purple and blue barley grains, respectively, were lost during the steeping process. In malts, only 0.4~4.2% and 58.3% of anthocyanin in purple and blue barley grains, respectively, were remained. Wort color value was not affected by lemma color of black barley. In wort made from black barley, the color value was higher as its soluble nitrogen content higher. Anthocyanins were not found in wort and beer brewed from malts of purple and blue barley. The color value (EBC unit) was higher in wort and beer made from malts of purple and blue barley than those made from malt of the control variety, Hopum.

The Comparison of Color Perception between Korean and American undergrauates (한미 대학생의 색지각에 대한 비교연구)

  • 안옥희;박진호
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the scope of standard color perception for Americans and to compare the differences in color perception between Korean and American undergraduates. Sixty male and fifty-one female American undergraduates were selected as a random sample. Color perception was tested with the naked eyes. Minolta Chroma Meter CR 300 was used for physical measurement of the color. Based on the objective of this study and the data generated the following results were drawn: 1) We found no distinctive difference in color perception by different eye colors. 2) Color perception of American undergraduates is largely classified into four different groups: simple group includes Yellow, Green, Blue, White, Gray, and Black, X(-axis)group includes Yellow Red, Y(-axis)group includes Blue Green, Purple, complex group includes Yellow Red, Purple Blue. 3) The differences in color perception between the two undergraduate groups were found to be significant with four colors: Yellow Red, Green, Blue, and Purple. 4) There is a wide difference between the values of standard color and inn percept color. When undergraduates in both countries were compared, it turned out that Korean students were more accurate than Americans in color perception. 5) American students perceived Red, Yellow, and Green colors relatively correctly, but showed an extremely low degree of accuracy in Blue and Purple Blue color perception.