• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제26집
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• pp.25-54
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• 2007

시조는 우리나라 문학 가운데 가장 오랜 역사를 지니고 있는 장르이다 이 논문은 그러한 시조를 대상으로 거기에 나타난 문학 치료적 기능을 고찰하는 데 그 목적을 둔다. 문학과 치료는, 전자는 인간의 정서의 표현물이고 후자는 의학에 관한 것으로 그 타협점이 없어 보인다. 하지만 이들은 모두 갈등을 완화한다는 점에서 공통된다. 이러한 문학치료의 효과에 대한 논의는 비교적 최근에 일어난 것이지만 이는 기본적으로 문학이 지니고 있는 효용적 가치와 일치하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 시조 가운데 16 17세기의 강호시조를 대상으로, 거기에 나타난 문학치료의 기능을 살펴보았다. 16 17세기의 강호시조는 사림파 문인들에 의하여 창작된 시조 작품들이다. 이 시기의 사림파 문인들은 사화와 당쟁으로 말미암아 관직에서 물러나 자주 강호에 머물러야 했다. 따라서 강호시조에는 벼슬길에 나아가지 못하고 은거하는 삶 속에서 일어나는 화자의 심경을 노래하게 된다. 이 연구에서는 작품에 나타난 화자의 태도와 심리를 문학 치료와의 관계에서 셋으로 구분하였다. 첫째 불안과 우울의 정서, 둘째 안정과 조화의 추구, 셋째 무심과 평온의 구가가 그것이다. 또한 이상의 세 단계는 각각의 문학치료 효과를 거두게 된다. 첫 단계는 정화이론에 근거한 것으로써 일명 등류요법이다. 이는 이열치열과 같은 원리에 근거한 것으로, 일명 이열치열의 원리이다. 다음 단계는 조정이론에 근거한다. 감정을 적당하게 조절하고 통제함으로써 심리적 안정감을 얻게 된다는 것이다. 마지막 단계는 명징이론에 근거한 것으로 감정을 명료하게 나타냄으로써 문학치료를 얻게 되는 단계이다. 이 단계는 문학치료의 효과가 어느 정도 나타나는 단계이면서도 동시에 그 자체로 문학치료로 기능하게 된다. 문학치료의 연구는 아직 초기단계이다. 그런 만큼 아직은 많은 한계점을 내포하고 있다. 하지만 현재보다는 미래에 대한 전망이 밝은 영역이기도 하다. 본 연구가 향후 문학 치료의 연구에 한 몫 할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제9권
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• pp.95-110
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• 2000

이제마는 사상의학의 생리, 병리를 설명함에 있어서 상한론을 많이 인용하였는데 치법에 있어서는 상한론의 것과 일치하지 않으며 특히 소음인편에서는 상한론의 한법이나 하법에 대해서 많은 비판을 가하고 있다. 이에 동의수세보원 소음인편에 나타난 상한론 인용문과 동무의 의론을 한법과 하법을 위주로 비교하여 본 결과 사상의학과 상한론은 공통적인 사기의 개념과 병증구성상의 표리구조를 가지고 있었으며, 한과 하의 개념에 있어서도 별다른 차이가 없었다. 그러나 치료법에 있어서 사상의학에서는 소음인에 대하여 승양이 안되는 체질상의 부족을 보충하는 승양익기법을 중요시하여 상한론과 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Infection status of intestinal flukes was investigated in residents of Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 1,257 fecal samples of residents were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique and Kato-Katz thick smear method. Helminth eggs were detected from 95 (7.6%) residents, and eggs of heterophyid flukes and Clonorchis sinensis were found from 62 (4.9%) and 40 (3.2%) cases, respectively. The larger heterophyid eggs, somewhat darkbrown in color and $37.7{\times}21.5{\mu}m$ in average size, and found in 32 (2.6%) out of 62 egg positive cases of heterophyid flukes. To confirm the adult flukes, we performed worm recovery from 12 cases after praziquantel treatment and purgation with $MgSO_4$. A total of 1,281 adult flukes, assigned to 7 species, were recovered from 9 cooperative cases. Heterophyes nocens (total 981 specimens) was collected from 9 cases, Stictodora fuscata (80) from 7, Gymnophalloides seoi (75) from 5, Pygidiopsis summa (140) from 3, Stellantchasmus falcatus (3) from 2, and Stictodora lari and Acanthotrema felis (each 1 worm) from 1 case each. The intrauterine eggs of S. fuscata collected from the recovered worm were identical with the larger heterophyid eggs detected in the stool examination. By the present study, it was confirmed that A. felis is a new intestinal fluke infecting humans, and residents in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do are infected with variable species of intestinal trematodes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1985

1984년 11월 Echinostoma hortense에 의한 인체감염의 2례를 발견하였다. 이는 praziquantel치료와 두 환자가 함께 보획하여 생식한 바 있는 담수어의 추적조사로 확인되 었다. 또한 버들치(Moroco oxycephalus)가 E. hortense의 제이중간숙주 역할을 한다는 사실을 새로이 밝혔으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 환자는 31세 및 30세 남자이며 강원도 원주시에 살고 있었고 한 가구에 같이 거주하고 있었다. 제1례는 E.H. fever의 병원에 입원하고 있었으며, 제2례는 건강한 상태로서 간헐적으로 가벼운 하복통과 연변 또는 경한 설사가 계속되었다. 대변검사에서 발견된 충란의 크기는 제1례가 $114.3{\times}71.0(평균){\mu}m$, 제2례가 $119. 1{\times}68.3(평균){\mu}m$이었다. 환자들에게 praziquantel 10~15mg/kg을 단회투여 하고 하제를 사용한 비 제2례의 환자 설사변에서 6마리의 E. hortense 성충을 수집하였다. 2. 환자들이 담수어를 보획한 그 장소에서 버들치 84마리와 붕어 20마리를 잡아서 피낭유충을 조사한 결과 버들치 3마리(3.5%)서 Echinostoma sp.의 피낭 유충을 발견하였다. 3. 분리된 피낭유충 3한마리의 흰쥐에게 경구 감염 시켜서 3마리의 E. hortense 성충을 얻는데 성공하였다. 이상의 결과로 충란만 발견된 제1례의 환자로 E. h hortense 감염자라는 것이 확인되었으며 버들치가 E. hortense의 제이중간숙주 역할을 한다는 사실이 밝혀졌다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1984

반염수산 어류를 중간숙주로하여 매개되는 Heterephyopsis continua에 의한 인체감염 2예가 1983년 praziquantel 치료로 성충을 얻음으로써 화인되었다. 또, 정화한 감염원을 알아보기 위하여 전라남도 해안지방에서 잡은 반염수어에 있어서의 피낭유충 감염상황을 조사하였다. 환자는 24세 및 50세된 남자로 남해안 지방이 고향이며 상복부통, 설사 등 일반적인 소화기 중상을 호소하거나 조충류의 편절이 배출됨을 호소하여 prasiquantel 10-15 mg/kg을 단루 투여하고 하제를 사용하여 치료하였다. 그 결과 조충은 물론 2예에서 각각 2마리 및 46마리의 H. continua 흡충이 설사편으로부터 수집되었다. 환자들은 몇가지 종류의 반염수어를 생식한 경력이 있었다. 어류 중문오주 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 검사한 27마리의 농어 (Lateolabrax japonicas)중 17마리 (63.0%), 34마리의 문절망둑(Acanthogobius yavimanus)중 10마리(29.4%)에서 H. continua의 피낭유충이 검출되었으나 42마리의 숭어(Mugil cephalus)는모두 음성으로 나타났다. 2. 농어 및 문절망둑에 있어서 마리당 평균감염 피낭유충수는 55.4 띤 18.7 개이었고 대부분의 피낭유충은 농어의 경우 몸체부 근육에서 발견되었다. 3. 피낭유충을 실험적으로 2마리의 횐쥐 및 1마리의 어린 개(견)에 감염시켜 성충을 얻고자 한 바 휜쥐에서는 얻을 수 없었고 개에서 2마리의 H. continua 성충을 얻을 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 환자들이 생식한 농어, 문절망둑 등 반염수산 어류가 이들에 있어서 H. continua의 감염원이었을 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2012

In this study, we selected some herbal formulation about a series of Chijasi-tang in Dongeuibogam by using web-based open program;Prescription Lineage Graph (http://164.125.206.43/PrescriptionLineageGraph.aspx). And we compared and analyzed the changes of efficacy, major target symptoms of each herbal formulation according to compositional variation of each herbal formulation. Chijasi-tang, first appeared in Sanghanlun, consists of Capejasmine and Fermented soybean, and it is mainly used to treat insomnia due to vexation, heartburn and yellow greasy tongue fur. Capejasmine can clear away irritable feverish sensation in chest by flowing downward the heat, and Fermented soybean can disperse stagnated heat throughout the chest by expelling stagnated heat from the exterior In the case of the heat stagnation caused by relapsing of disease due to overstain, Chisijisil-tang can be used. And if symptom appear more on the upper or exterior than a case of Chisijisil-tang, Seosisi-tang could be more suitable, if half exterior and half interior, Omae-tang could be for it. In addition, if symptom caused by relapsing due to improper diet, Chisijihwang-tang could be proper formulation. In the case of the heat stagnation body inside and jaundice, if it is caused by alcohol, Chijadaehwang-tang could be used for the purpose of urgent purgation, Galchul-tang would be suitable for helping the function of the spleen and the stomach and for treatment of damp-heat of the spleen and the stomach. And if it is caused by pandemic infection, Jangdal-hwan would be good formulation for it. Samhwangseokgo-tang and Yangdokchija-tang could be appropriate formulation for the raging of noxious heat and pathogenic fire caused by febrile disease with toxic yang. Daehwangeum-ja is for severe constipation due to heat-dryness with stagnated fever, Haebaek-tang is appropriate for severe diarrhea due to heat type change of Soeum. According to the result of our investigation, although there are various target causes and symptoms of each herbal formulations, whatever pathogenetic cause is, the stagnated heat in interior side is the basis of symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of including Chijasi-tang in composition of each herbal formulation is treatment of the stagnated heat. For such reason, on the fundamental or ancillary basis of Chijasi-tang plus some herbs for each therapeutic purpose.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.223-244
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• 1997

Clinical observation was done on 290 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1996. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds : cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebr진 infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension, and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The frequency of strokes seems to have no relation to the season. 7. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 8. The course of entering hospital, most patients visited this hospital as soon as CVA occurred. And the half of patient visited this hospital within 2 days after CVA attack. 9. In the cases of patients who were unconscious at the admission, the prognosis was worse than that of the alert patients. 10. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 11. The average duration of hospitalization was 27.4 days, and in case of cerebral hemorrhage the duration was prolonged. 12. The average time to start physical therapy was 13.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 19.9th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 13. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction and so on. 15. At the time of entering hospital, in most cases the blood pressure was high, but blood pressure was well controlled at the time of discharge. 16. Generally reported, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found in cerebral infarction. But in this study, they were found more frequently in cerebral hemorrhage than in infarction. 17, In the most cases, western and oriental medical treatments were given simultaneously. 18. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of KI(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. And in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing KI(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.33-62
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• 2010

"The Golden Mirror of Medicine(醫宗金鑑)" was compiled by the medical officers of the Cheong(淸) government headed by Ogyeom(吳謙: 1736-1795) in 1742, and was adopted as a textbook by the Institute of Imperial Physicians(太醫院) in 1749. This book provides a good summary of academic contents and clinical experiences from before the Cheong(淸) dynasty, and serves as a convenient and practical guide book. "The Notes of Treatise on Cold-Induced Diseases(傷寒論注)" is one part of "The Golden Mirror of Medicine(醫宗金鑑)", and this is placed at the beginning of the book, indicating its importance. The chapter on taeeum-disease[太陰病篇], which is the third part of "The Notes of the Treatise on Cold-Induced Diseases(傷寒論注)", has not yet been translated into Korean. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of Ogyeom's(吳謙) notes are inspected through a comparative study of the chapter of taeeum-disease[太陰病篇] based on translation and the notes of famous scholars. The texts first provide an outline of taeeum-disease[太陰病], which is followed by diarrhea, vomiting and therapeutic methods of syndrome involving both the exterior and interior[表裏兼證], as well as abdominal distension and pain. The prognoses are then explained in succession. The eight texts that have been shown in the chapter of taeeum-disease[太陰病篇] of original text were relocated and the seven texts that existed in the chapters of taeyang(太陽), yangmyeong(陽明) and gwol-eum(厥陰) were moved to this chapter. Furthermore, Ogyeom(吳謙) moved the cold-dysphagia[寒格] text from a chapter of gwol-eum-disease[厥陰病] to a chapter of taeeum-disease[太陰病] and explained vomiting due to pathogenic cold. The origins of taeeum-disease[太陰病] are purported to occur through the yang-channel[陽經] to the eum-channel[陰經], and taeeum-disease[太陰病] was reported to include both interior-deficiency-cold-syndrome[裏虛寒證] and interior-excess-heat-syndrome[裏實熱證]. In the case of diarrhea-more-severe-symptoms[自利益甚], he thought it induced by faultpurgation[誤下], and in indication for decoction of cinnamon with peony[桂枝加芍藥湯] and decoction of cinnamon with rhubarb[桂枝加大黃湯], he thought it included the exterior syndrome of taeyang-disease[太陽表證], and rhubarb was used in purgation of taeeum-excess[太陰實].

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Jangjahwa(張子和) was influenced by "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" and Yuhagan(劉河間)'s theory, and other classics. Also, his clinical experience was helpful to theorize his thought. Thus, he improved medical theory by combining previous medical theory and his own experience. The essence of his thought is the importance of pathogenic Gi[邪氣] as the cause of disease and is Sambeop(三法) of Hantoha(汗吐下) as the methodology for removing pathogenic Gi[邪氣] away. He regarded pathogenic Gi as the cause of disease, and eliminated pathogenic Gi for the remedy. Namely, Sambeop(三法) of Hantoha(汗吐下) was selected as the best efficient method for driving pathogenic Gi away. Sambeop of Jangjahwa(張子和) have different meaning from previous one. Traditionally, Diaphoretic Therapy[汗法] was regarded as therapy for exogenous disease[外感病], and its effect was regarded as Balhanhaepyo(發汗解表). Emetic therapy[吐法] was throwing up Dameumsuksik(痰飮宿食) of stomach and above diaphragm. Purgation therapy[下法] means Tongbyeon(通便), Hajeok(下積), Sasil(瀉實), Chuksu(逐水) were regarded as therapy for Yangmyeongsiljeung(陽明實證) of Sanghan(傷寒). He submitted a new extensive concept of Sambeop adding traditional one, and expanded the application range of Sambeop. All methods, can cause circulation of Gihyeol(氣血) by opening the 'Hyeonbu(玄府)', like Moxibution therapy[灸薰], Steaming[蒸], Washing[洗],Heat therapy[慰], Cauterization[烙], Acupuncture therapy[鍼刺], Stone needling, Physical and breathing exercise[導引], Massage[按摩] were regarded as Diaphoretic Therapy[汗法]. Especially, he thought that Diaphoretic Therapy and venesection[瀉血] have same medical implication. If we examine the process of pushing out pathogenic Gi[邪氣] by means of Sambeop(三法), we can find the intermediation, that is circulation of Gihyeol(氣血). Its meaning is implied in the word of 'opening Hyeonbu(玄府)'. He thought that the circulation of Gihyeol(氣血) is the key to control health. Gihyeol(氣血) was circulated well under the physiological balance, but it was not circulated well under the invasion of pathogenic Gi[邪氣]. In other words, pathogenic Gi is the immediate cause of bad circulation of Gihyeol(氣血) and disease. Naturally, the doctor must remove pathogenic Gi that cause bad circulation for healing by means of Sambeop(三法). In my opinion, because the ultimate goal of Jangjahwa(張子和) was circulation of Gihyeol(氣血) by removing pathogenic Gi[邪氣], the concept of Sarnbeop(三法) could be expanded.