• 임산에너지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2000

This study was to analyze the chamical components of the pollens of Pinus rigida and P. koraensis and to investigate the optimal conditions for pollen pulverization. The results are as follow: (1) The contents of moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude filber and carbohydrate in the pollen of P. rigida were 9.9%, 2.5%, 13.1% 2.9% 7.5% 64.1% respectively, while those of P. koraiensis were 9.8%, 2.1%, 11.1% 2.8% 8.1% 66.1% respectively. All the contents of P. rigida and P. koraiensis were much higher than those of general crop grains. (2) Eighteen different amino acids were detected in the pollen of P. rigida and P. koraiensis. Among them, ten essential amino acids were indentified, which showed high nutritions values. (3) The contents of vitamin A, B1, B2, C, and E in the pollen of P. rigida were 8.7 mg, 10.1 mg, 15.9 mg, 32.9 mg, 1.9 mg, respectively, while those of in the pollen of P. koraiensis were 7.9 mg, 9.7 mg, 14.5 mg, 34.2 mg, and 2.5 mg respectively. Vitamin C among them was abundant. (4)When the pollen grains of P. prigida was pulverized for 50minutes at 5,000rpm and P. koraiensis for 40 minutes at 5,000rpm by Overhead stirrer, the 100% of pollen was pulverized.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2017

The volume expansions of $Ti_{0.95}Zr_{0.05}V_{0.4}Mn_{1.45}Fe_{0.1}Cr_{0.05}$ alloy during hydrogenation with various conditions have been investigated. The theoretical volume expansion measured with XRD for this alloy with hydrogenation was 21%. The apparent volume expansion of this alloy ingot with hydrogenation was composed of two effects. One is a hydrogenation and the other is a pulverization. The apparent volume of free alloy powder was 1.8 times greater than that of an ingot, implying the pulverization effect on the apparent volume expansion is 80%. The apparent volume expansion of the alloy ingot with hydrogenation under a unconstrained condition was about 80 (${\pm}15$)%, much smaller than that of free alloy powder which expected as 118%. In addition, The apparent volume expansion of the alloy ingot with hydrogenation under a constrained condition(Al container) was about 50%, much smaller than that of the unconsrained. This reduced apparent volume expansion of the alloy ingot could be attributed to an arrangement of alloy powder keeping its original shape of the ingot even after hydrogenation.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of automatic tablet crusher. The Automatic tablet crusher not only saved crushing time, but also removed floating fine powders that was occurred during crushing and caused allergy. The characteristics of powder produced by this crusher were as follows: First, to meet the condition as powder after pulverizing 5∼10 g tablet it took 6 to 12 seconds crushing time. But six seconds would do to get powder f3r oral administration. Second, when the quantity of medicine was measured by HPLC, powder from automatic crusher showed higher than that from pestle. HPLC chromatogram indicated that there was no change of medicine in the process of pulverization.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : The study has been undertaken to scrutinize the results of Halloysitum Rubrum before and after physical and chemical manipulation. Methods : I used X-rays diffracted analysis system(Phillips X'Pert - MPD System) on condition of 40Kv, Anode of Cu Ka to grasp the compositions of crude Halloysitum Rubrums which have been from here and there after pulverization them below 200 mesh. X-rays fluorescence analysis system have been used to check the chief elements content of the ore on condition of 40Kv, 95mA. ICP-MS analysis system(Perkin Elmer, Elan 6100)have been used after a micro-elements and a heavy metals take advantage of mixed acid were dissolved completely. Results : The compositions of the ore Halloysitum Rubrum are composed of large amount of Halloysite and Kaolinite, and small amount of Hematite, Alum, quartzite. The chief elements content of the ore Halloysitum Rubrum are composed of Al and Si. A heavy metals in Halloysitum Rubrum are As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, etc. As and Zn's amounts was lessen after physical and chemical manipulation Halloysitum Rubrum are decreased at $400^{\circ}C\;and\;450-500^{\circ}C$ each by heat analysis system. Conclusion : Results of this study show that Halloysitum Rubrum can be used in a diverse ways to treat many kinds of disease.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.722-727
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• 1996

A simple compost windrow-forming car and a compost tuner were developed at the aim of low cost manure management systems. The developed compost windrow- forming car is possible windrows formation at a short time. In order to be pulverized and mixed by upper and lower beaters at the windrow-forming, the condition of air and the mixing of materials to play a major role in composting is filled. This car can also utilized for a manure spreader by folding the windrow-forming cover. The developed compost turner is a type equipped with tractor rear-right side. Main specifications are 2.5m working width, overall length 3.3m and 45degrees conveyer inclination angle, 2 beaters for mixing and pulverization are equipped in front parts. Windrows of 2.5m width and 1.5m height are turned at the speed of 4.5-5.1m/min. In accordance with the above, by combining the compost windrow-forming car and the compost turner, a simple composting system for each farmer could be constructed by the low c st.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권24호
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• pp.29-60
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• 2003

The conservation problem of stone cultural properties is widely influenced by environmental pollution nowadays as well as agingsymptoms itself. Most stone cultural properties are directly affected by air pollution such as smoke, acid-rain, etc., resulting surface separation and pulverization. In the case of Ten storied pagoda of Gyeongcheonsa, once located in the center of the Seoul, the surface shows excessive contaminant by air pollution. It is very difficult to identify chemical structure and formation system of these contaminant. Also the discoloration and stains on the surface are not pleasant to see. Through the examination of the contaminant by SEM-EDS, it is observed that the major mineral is Gypsum and many other minerals were also revealed. The contaminant layer seems to be thin and wide at the south face of pagoda and thick and narrow at the north face. This distribution pattern could provide information on the surface characteristics of pagoda. Further, the information could help to identify the relationship between geological and environmental factors and the surface patterns.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.884-892
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• 2020

Corticosterone is known as a biological stress index in many species including birds. Feather corticosterone concentration (FCC) has increasingly been used as a measure for chronic stress status in broiler chickens. As sample preparation is the first step of analytical process, different techniques of feather matrix disruption need to be validated for obtaining better result in analysing corticosterone extraction. The current study was a validation of pulverizing the feather by bead beater (BB) and surgical scissors (SS) processing prior to corticosterone extraction in feather of broiler chickens. The type of feather processing prior to the hormone extraction may alter the final output. Thereby, finding a standard method according to laboratory facilities is pivotal. This study carried out to determine the effects of feather pulverization methods on the extraction amount of corticosterone in broiler chickens. Feathers were sampled from four weeks old Ross 308 broiler chickens (n = 12 birds). All broiler chickens were kept under the same environmental condition and had access to feed and water. Feather samples were assigned to one of the following processing methods 1) using a BB for pulverizing and 2) using a SS for chopping into tiny pieces. Each sample was duplicated into two wells during enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analysis to improve the accuracy of the obtained data. The results showed lower standard errors and constant output of FCC by using the BB method compared with the SS method. Overall comparison of FCC showed a significantly higher (p < 0.001) amount of the FCC in the BB compared with the SS. Overall, using the BB method is recommended over the SS method for feather processing due to the ability to homogenize a large number of samples simultaneously, ease of use and greater extraction of feather corticosterone.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2005

Domestic Sewage Treatment Plants are mostly based on biological treatment, in which large amounts of excess sludge are generated and occupy about 40 ~ 60% of the total sewage treatment costs. Several methods for sludge treatment has been so far reported as upgrading biodegradation of sludge; heat treatment, chemical treatment, including thermo-alkali and ozone, mechanical treatment including ultrasonic pulverization. But, it has a limitation in case of reducing the amount of excess sludge which are already producted. In this study, application of excess sludge reduction process using thermophilic aerobic bacteria for activated sludge was examined. The research was carried out two different stage. one for a biological wastewater treatment and the other for a thermophilic aerobic solubilization of the waste sludge. A portion of excess sludge from the wastewater treatment step was into the thermophilic aerobic sludge solubilization reactor, in which the injected sludge was solubilized by thermophilic aerobic bacteria. The solubilized sludge was returned to the aeration tank in the wastewater treatment step for its further degradation. Sludge solubilization reactor was operated at $63{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 1.5 ~ 1.7 day. Control group was operated with activated sludge process(AS) and experiment group was operated with three conditions(RUN 1, RUN 2, RUN3). RUN 1 was operated with AS without sludge solubilization reactor. RUN 2 were operated with AS with sludge solubilization reactor to examine correlation between sludge circulation ratio and sludge reduction ratio by setting up sludge circulation ratio to 3. RUN 3 was operated with sludge circulation ratio of 3 and MLSS concentration of 1,700~2,000mg/L to examine optimum operation condition. The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge The quantity of excess sludge production was reduced sharply and in operation of RUN 3, sludge solubilization ratio and sludge reduction ratio were 53. 7%, 95.2% respectively. After steady state operation, average concentration of TBOD, SBOD, $TCOD_{Cr}$, $SCOD_{Cr}$, TSS, VSS, T-N, T-P of effluent were 4.5, 1.7, 27 .8, 13.8, 8.1, 6.2, 15.1, 1.8mg/L in the control group and were 5.6, 2.0, 28.6, 19.1, 9.7, 7.2, 16.1, 2.0mg/L in the experimental group respectively. They were appropriate to effluent standard of Sewage Treatment Plants.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.823-839
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• 2012

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are playing pivotal role in monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the ecosystem based on the retrospective analysis of the representative samples collected regularly and stored in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009 and the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sampling, and cryogenic milling and storage had been prepared during 2007-2010. Since then, the tentative SOPs for the seven kinds of specimens (shoots of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) and Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis), leaves of Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica) and Zelkova Tree (Zelkova serrata), eggs of Feral Pigeon (Columba livia var. domestica), muscles and organs of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Freshwater Bivalve (Unio (Nodularia) douglasiae)) have been put to test in the field and laboratory as well against the practicality and feasibility. The SOPs were improved by reflecting the findings from the research and the following discussion regarding the selection of specimen (Feral Pigeon suffering from a control management), sample size (a problem of decreasing number of sampling trees related to increasing sampling time) and period (a problem related to a bud growth), and sampling methods etc.. In addition, barcoding system for the management of the specimen information, and monitoring system of the cryogenic storage to regulate the optimum temperature and the liquid nitrogen level were also developed for the efficient and effective control of the samples. Lastly, the safety guide and emergency protocol were augmented to guarantee a safe work environment with the cryogenic facility. These improvements of the SOPs are expected to contribute to more stable operation of the NESB.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2020

염기성 폴리올 및 식용유 정제에 사용하는 합성 규산마그네슘의 효율성은 정제능력과 여과속도를 통해 평가되며, 규산마그네슘의 입도 및 표면적에 따라 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 합성변수인 반응온도, 주입속도, 주입순서(Si, Mg), Mg/Si의 반응몰비가 규산마그네슘의 입도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 합성된 규산마그네슘은 합성공정, 분쇄공정, 정제공정으로 비교 분석되었다. 합성공정에서 반응 온도와 주입 속도는 규산마그네슘의 평균입도 변화에 영향을 주지않는 반면, Mg/Si의 반응몰비와 주입 순서는 평균입도 변화에 주된 요인으로 작용하였다. 합성 후 규산마그네슘의 평균입도는 반응몰비가 0.125에서 0.500로 증가할 때 Mg 주입 시 약 54.4 ㎛에서 63.1 ㎛로 약 8.7 ㎛ 증가하였고, Si 주입 시 47.3 ㎛에서 52.1 ㎛로 약 4.8 ㎛ 증가하였다. 주입 순서 별 평균입도를 비교해보면 Mg 주입 시 59.1 ㎛, Si 주입 시 48.4 ㎛로 약 10.7 ㎛의 평균입도 차이를 보였으며 Mg을 주입하는 조건에서 약 2배 빠른 수세여과속도가 관찰되었다. 즉, 입도가 증가함에 따라 여과 시간이 단축되고 수세여과속도 증가로 생산성 향상에 기여할 수 있었다. 여과 후 분리된 cake형태의 규산마그네슘은 건조과정을 통해 단단한 고형체가 되고 분쇄공정을 통해 분말형태의 흡착제로 사용된다. 건조된 규산마그네슘의 물리적 강도가 감소함에 따라 분말의 평균입도가 감소하고, 이 강도는 반응몰비에 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. Mg주입 시 Mg/Si의 반응몰비가 증가함에 따라 규산마그네슘의 물리적 강도가 감소하여 분쇄 후 평균입도가 합성 후 평균입도에 비해 약 40% 감소하는 것을 관찰하였다. 이러한 강도감소는 평균입도 감소와 분쇄 후 미분량의 증가로 정제능력의 향상을 가져왔지만 정제여과속도 감소를 가져왔다. Mg 주입 시 반응몰비가 0.125에서 0.5로 증가할 동안 정제능력은 약 1.3 배가 증가하였으나 정제여과속도는 약 1.5 배가 감소하였다. 따라서 규산마그네슘의 생산성 향상을 위해서는 Mg/Si의 반응몰비를 증가시켜야 하지만, 폴리올의 정제여과속도를 증가시키기 위해선 반응몰비를 감소시켜야 한다. 규산마그네슘의 합성변수 중 주입순서와 Mg/Si의 반응몰비는 합성 후 평균입도와 분쇄 후 평균입도 및 미분량 변화에 영향을 주는 주요인자로 생산성 및 정제능력을 결정짓는 중요한 합성변수이다.