• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.1 s.119
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• pp.48-55
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• 2007

The aim of this article is to review the general property of the famous traditional Korean paper, "rice straw paper"(Bast-Fiber mixed with straw pulp), and to compare the paper qualities varying with the composition ratio of straw pulp, in order to revive the traditional paper in modem Korea. The experiment was carried out by making first the two different mixture papers, i. e., one is the paper of 50% bast fiber mixed with 50% straw pulp, and the other is the paper of 75% bast fiber with 25% oats straw pulp, and finally the 100% bast fiber paper was made for the purpose of comparison. The qualitative properties of these three kinds of paper with the different mixing ratio of the straw pulp were evaluated, and the findings of the experiment can be summarized as follow: 1. As to the quality aspects of the paper strength like tensile strength, breaking length, elongation, and tear strength, the test proved the 100% bast fiber paper as best, and the 50% mixed paper as the next good one. 2. In aspect of the printing adaptability such as density, opacity, brightness, whiteness, lab colors, air permeability, and roughness, the 50% mixed paper proved to be the best, due to the short cells in the straw pulp. 3. As to the air permeability, the larger ratio of straw pulp was found to be the lesser, and 75% bast fiber with 25% straw pulp mixture paper and the 100% bast fiber one were found 1/5 degree efficient. 4. In terms of the water absorption degree, 100% bast fiber paper was the fastest, but in case of mixture paper, 50% mixed one was a little faster up to the point of 1cm, while the two kinds of mixed ones appear to be almost similar to each other beyond the point. 5. The straw pulp mixed paper, especially the 50% mixed one was evaluated as the highest by the calligraphers who had experienced using the papers in terms of movement and feeling of the caligraphy and painting. In addition, although the 25% mixed paper is judged to be good for book printing because of the strength, the 50% mixed paper can be thought to be more desirable for painting and calligraphy. In conclusion, we will be able to make the quality paper with durability, by mixing the straw pulp with the bast fiber in proper ratio, following the tradition of Korean paper making.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

The conditions to which pulp fibers are exposed during paper production, converting, storage, use, and recycling can induce various changes in fiber morphology, surface characteristics, and suitability for paper production by recycled fibers. Most of those changes can be described by hornification. Paper has highly hygroscopic properties which affect dimensional change by relative humidity variation of surrounding condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensional stability, moisture contents and dip elongation of handsheets at different relative humidity conditions of recycled kraft pulp and BCTMP. By using recycled fibers, dimensional stability was increased because hygroscopic properties of fibers decreased with repeated recycling treatment. Dip elongation of recycled pulp was higher than that of virgin pulp because of its weak fiber-to-fiber bonding. By recycling pulp, the relative bonded area was decreased because fiber could not swell more than virgin pulp. Dimensional stability largely depended on the equilibrium moisture contents of paper, the fiber-to-fiber bonding strength, and the relative bonded area.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.16-20
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• 2013

Yellow poplar grown in Korea and imported eucalyptus were compared their kraft pulping characteristics and evaluated the replacing possibility of eucalyptus by yellow poplar. Difference between yellow poplar and eucalyptus were investigated in chemical composition and fiber morphology. Yellow poplar kraft pulp resulted in the higher yield, longer fiber length and thicker fiber, and higher pulp strength than that of eucalyptus. More xylan survived in eucalyptus than yellow poplar during kraft pulping, which led to similar pulp yield even though polysaccharides in Eucalyptus was 4.5% less than in yellow poplar. Longer and thicker yellow poplar pulp fiber resulted in better beating response and pulp strength properties.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2001

The effects of enzymatic treatment of recycled fiber were investigated to obtain the basic informations which can be used to improve the papermaking properties of recycled fiber. The recycled fibers were prepared by the repeated handsheet making and disintegrating of hardwood of hardwood and softwood kraft pulp. Novozym 342, Dinimax and Pulpzyme HC were used for enzymatic treatment. The change of fiber length distribution, freeness, contact angle and crystallinity of pulp were measured. The brightness, opacity, breaking and tear index of paper were also measured. The enzymatic treatment decreased long fiber fraction of recycled hardwood fiber, but increased long fiber fraction of recycled softwood fiber. Freeness was decreased with 0.1% enzyme and then increased again with the increase of th enzyme dosage. The improvement of flexibility of recycled fiber was obtained through the decrease of contact angle that is resulted from the decrease of crystallinity of fiber. Brightness and opacity were affected by the type of pulp and enzyme, and dosage of enzyme. Breaking length of recycled hardwood fiber was improved with enzyme treatment, but breaking length of recycled softwood fiber was decreased except for 0.01% Pulpzyme treatment. Tear index was decreased with enzymatic treatment and the lowest decrease was observed with the treatment to Pulpzyme.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.186-188
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four levels (0, 10, 20, 40 %) of sugar-beet pulp (SB pulp) supplementation to Italian ryegrass hay (IRG hay) on the fiber degradability of IRG hay in the rumen of goats. The following results were obtained: Degradabilities of DM, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose of IRG hay in the rumen increased significantly (p<0.05) by 10 % level supplementation of SB pulp to IRG hay. This was probably due to the increased numbers (p<0.05) of total viable bacteria, pectin-fermenting, xylan-fermenting and cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen in the increased supply of degradable pectic substances and hemicellulose at 10% level supplementation of SB pulp pectin. In 40% supplementation of SB pulp, ruminal pH was lowered by the fermentation of increased amount of molasses from SB pulp, resulting in the depression of growth of fiber fermenting bacteria and hence the decrease in degradabilities of cell wall fractions. It was suggested from this study that the sugar-beet pulp supplementation to forages at the level of 10% in the total diet increased fiber degradation of forage in the rumen of goats.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of handsheets made from nonwoody New-Zealand hemp (Phormium tenax) fibers that was not used before in Korea. The results were as follows : 1. Physical properties of bleached phormium fiber were satisfactory for handsheet forming. Specially, tensile strength was improved by adding bleached phormium fiber. 2. Opacity of handsheet with phormium pulp was fine, therefore it can be useful fiber to improve opacity of light-weight printing paper. 3. Filler retention rate was improved when phormium pulp was added, while drainage time was increased. 4. Phormium fiber has good characteristics as pulp for paper manufacture. So it can be valuable non-wood fiber resource if drainage problem is solved.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.40-44
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• 2000

A microscopic study was carried out to get the fundamental informations for the ozone deinking technology. The differential interference microscopic observation showed that ozone treatment was helpful to detach the toner ink from the surface of pulp fiber. The modifications of fiber surfaces by ozone treatment were observed with scanning electron microscope. Modification of fiber surfaces was not severe at the early stage of ozone treatment, but it increased with ozone treatment time and pulp consistency, Therefore, it would be possible to improve the properties of deinked pulp by controlling the condtion of ozone treatment.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 2006

Samples of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) grown in Malaysia were examined to determine the kraft pulp and paper-making properties of their bast (or bark) fibers. Using kraft pulping process showed that bast fibers were relatively easy to cook resulting good pulp yields in the range of 45-51 %. The bast pulp produced sheets with great density, tear index and dry zero-span breaking length. Kenaf bast fiber is considered promising for production of high-grade printing, writing and specialty papers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of the carboxymethylcellulose from recycled fiber, especially on the reactivity of carboxymethylation. Using a deinked pulp and a dissolving pulp. Green's method is adapted to the carboxymethylation. We conformed that the carboxymethyl group is led for recycled fiber by FT-IR analysis. The recycled fiber is more reactive than the dissolving pulp because the recycled fiber had been defiberated and pretreated with alkali. It suggests that deinking process is in accordance with pretreatment of CMC process. Therefore, it may be possible to prepare CMC from the recylced fiber economically.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.54-59
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• 2015

In this study, effects of kneading concentration on characteristics of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) fibers were elucidated. A laboratory two-shaft kneader was utilized for kneading. Kneading concentration was varied in the range of 15-30% (w/w) and the number of kneading treatment was adjusted between 0 and 6 passes. It was found that kneading concentration influenced fiber characteristics. At 15% of pulp concentration, fiber length slightly increased with increasing the number of kneading passes, while other morphological properties such as fiber width and curl decreased: fiber straightening occurred. In addition, the increase in WRV and the decrease in CSF were the largest at 15% kneading concentration, meanings that fibrillation mainly occurred. In contrast, at higher kneading concentration exceeding 20%, fiber deformation like curl was mainly occurred. Also, at kneading concentration of 20% and 30%, fiber length decreased with the number of kneading passes while other morphological properties such as fiber width, and WRV increased. Severe fiber entanglement was found at 30% kneading, which shall be removed during papermaking.