• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.859-867
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary lipid level in juvenile river puffer. Five semi-purified diets were formulated with corn oil to contain graded levels of lipid levels of 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%. Fish averaging $8.32{\pm}0.02$ g randomly were fed the experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. After the 8-weeks feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed the 9% diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the 15 and 18% diets (P<0.05) but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 6, 9 and 12% diets. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 6, 9 and 12% diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the 18% diet (P<0.05). Visceralsomatic index of fish fed 18% diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the 6% diet (P <0.05) but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 9, 12, 15 and 18% diets. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, hepatosomatic index and whole body composition among all the fish groups. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride fish fed of 18% diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). Optimum dietary lipid levels by using broken-line model and by using second order polynomial were estimated at 7.01% and 8.98% for the maximum growth of fish respectively. Therefore, these results suggested that the optimum dietary lipid level could be greater than 7.01% but less than 8.98% for the maximum growth in juvenile river puffer.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

우리나라에서 1991년부터 2002년 사이의 복어독 중독 발생상황에 대하여 신문에 보도된 내용을 검색하여 정리하고 특성을 분석하였다. 조사기간 중 우리나라에서는 총 32건의 복어독 중독사고가 발생하여, 111명이 중독되었고 그 중 30명이 사망하여 27.0%의 치사율을 나타내었으며, 연도에 따라 중독건수, 환자수 및 사망자수의 변동이 심하였다. 사망자는 29세 이상의 남성이 대부분을 차지하였다. 식중독 발생건별 환자수를 보면 4인 이하의 소규모 중독사건이 전체 발생건수의 75.0%인 24건을 차지하였고, 식중독 통계 집계기준인 5인 이상의 집단 식중독은 8건에 지나지 않았다. 우리나라에서 복어독 중독 발생건수의 59.4%(19/32)가 11월부터 익년 1월 사이에 발생하였고, 이 시기의 환자수 및 사망자수 또한 각각 65.8%(73/111), 66.7%(20/30)로 나타나 복어중독은 겨울철에 집중되었다. 지역적으로는 발생 건수의 75.0%(24/32)가 부산, 경남, 전남, 제주 등 남해안 지역에서 집중적으로 발생하였다. 섭취장소별로는 총 32건 중 18건(56.3%)이 선박에서 발생하였고, 가정에서 8건(25.0%)이 발생하였으며, 음식점에서 발생한 것은 5건(15.6%)이었다. 복어독 중독의 가장 중요한 원인 음식물은 국(탕 포함)으로 발생건수의 68.8%(22/32), 환자수의 64.0%(71/111), 사망자의 66.7%(20/30)를 차지하였고, 그 외 찜, 회, 내장탕, 알 등도 원인이 된 경우가 있었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.915-922
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary protein level in juvenile river puffer. Five semi-purified diets were formulated by using casein to contain graded levels of protein levels of 35, 45, 50, 55 and 65%. Fish averaging $8.56{\pm}0.04g$ were randomly assigned to one of five experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. After the 8-weeks of feeding trial, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed 45, 50 and 55% diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed 35 and 65% diets (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 35% diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed 65% diet (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference among those of fish fed 45, 50 and 55% diets. Specific growth rate of fish fed 50% diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed 35 and 65% diets (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among those of fish fed 45, 50 and 55% diets. No significant differences were observed in condition factor, hepatosomatic index, visceralsomatic index and survival among those of fish fed all the diets. Optimum dietary protein levels by using broken-line model and by using second order polynomial were estimated at 45.9% and 51.6% for the maximum growth of fish respectively. Therefore, these results suggested that the optimum dietary protein level could be greater than 45.9% but less than 51.6% for the maximum growth in juvenile river puffer.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2016

This study is to investigate the biological, biochemical and cytotoxic effects of puffer fish (Arothron stellatus) toxin extracts under in-vitro condition. Extracted toxins from various organs of puffer fish were purified by using active charcoal column, and Bio-gel-P2 column chromatography. The lethality of toxin was tested in crabs, which consists of neurotoxic compounds. The degree of the brine shrimp lethality assay was found directly proportional to the concentration of the toxin extracts, which was well supported by hemolytic assay. The experimental results suggested that the gonad was found higher toxins than the liver and muscles. The mortality rate of brine shrimp nauplii was increased with the raise of concentrations of toxin level. Among the different doses and time dependent cytotoxic effect of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells were showed $4.0{\mu}g/mL$ of toxin, which was effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation. HPLC and TLC analysis was revealed that the A. stellatus toxin contains tetrodotoxin (TTX), related compounds 4-epi TTX and anhydro-TTX. The present results suggested that the A. stellatus contain TTX as a major and anh-TTX as a minor toxin. It could be the potential candidate in the field of anticancer drug discovery against human cervical cancer cells. The present data is confirming that the puffer fish toxin as an interesting source of novel bioactive natural compounds with potent applications in pharmacology.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2008

The toxicity of five species of puffer fish, Arothron firmamentum (Byeolbok), Lagocephalus gloveri (Heukmilbok), L. wheeleri (Eunmilbok), L. inermis (Minmilbok) and L. lunaris (Milbok), collected from fish markets in Korea, was determined using a mouse bioassay. In A. firmamentum, the proportion of toxic specimens containing >10 MU/g was 87.5% in the ovaries, and 10.0% in the skin; no toxicity was detected in the muscle, fin, liver, intestine and gallbladder using the mouse bioassay. The highest toxin levels were found to be 87 MU/g in the ovaries, and 13 MU/g in the skin. Toxic specimens containing >10 MU/g were not detected from samples taken from any of the organs in L. wheeleri and L. inermis. In L. gloveri, most specimens were found to be non-toxic, but toxin levels of 11-72 MU/g were detected from within the skin, fins, and intestines in one specimen. In L. lunaris, the proportion of toxic specimens was 50.0% in the ovaries, and 7.1% in the gallbladder; no toxicity was detected in the other organs by the mouse bioassay. The highest toxin levels were 75 MU/g in the ovaries, and 14 MU/g in the gallbladder. Therefore, the toxicities of edible muscle and skin in the five species of puffer fish marketed in Korea were found to be within acceptable levels for human consumption.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.868-876
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein to energy (P/E) ratio in juvenile river puffer. Nine experimental diets were formulated with three energy levels and three protein levels at each energy levels. Three energy levels of 3000, 3750 and 4500 kcal diets were included at 45, 50 and 55% crude protein (CP) levels, respectively (45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000, 50P3750, 50P4500, 55P3000, 55P3750 and 55P4500). Fish averaging $3.43{\pm}0.02$ g randomly were fed the experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the 50P4500 diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000 and 50P3750 diets (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50P4500, 55P3750 and 55P4500 diets. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 50P4500 diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000 and 50P3750 diets (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50P4500, 55P3000, 55P3750 and 55P4500 diets. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 45P3000 and 45P3750 diets was higher than that of fish fed 50P4500 and 55P4500, but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000, 50P3750, 55P3000 and 55P3750 diets. Based on weight gain, feed efficiency and specific growth rate, diets containing energy levels 4500 kcal/kg diet had an optimum P/E ratio of approximately 111 mg protein/kcal (50% crude protein) in juvenile river puffer.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

양식산 복어에서는 tetrodotoxin(TTX)가 존재하지 않는다고 일반적으로 생각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제로 양식산 황복(Takifugu obscurus)에는 TTX가 존재하지 않는지 확인하기 위해 생쥐를 이용한 bioassay로 여러 장기를 동시에 분석하였다. 자연산에서는 동물이 치사하는 수준의 독력을 함유한 시료가 있었으며 정소>간장>장>근육>피부의 순으로 독력이 확인되었다.양식산 시료에서는 TTX의 미량존재로 추정되는 졸림, 행동둔화, 후지마비 등의 증상이 나타났지만 치사동물은 발견되지 않았다. 이 결과는 양식 산 황복에서 TTX가 매우 낮은 농도로 존재할가능성을 제시하지만 기기분석법을 이용한 정확한 정량이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

In fish, light (photoperiod, intensity and spectra) is main regulator in many physiological actions including growth. We investigate the effect of light spectra on the somatic growth and growth-related gene expression in the rearing tiger puffer. Fish was reared under different light spectra (blue, green and red) for 8 weeks. Fish body weight and total length were promoted when reared under green light condition than red light condition. Expression of somatostatins (ss1 and ss2) in brain were showed higher expression under red light condition than green light condition. The ss3 mRNA was observed only higher expression in blue light condition. Expression of growth hormone (gh) in pituitary was detected no different levels between experimental groups. However, the fish of green light condition group was showed more high weight gain and feed efficiency than other light condition groups. Our present results suggest that somatic growth of tiger puffer is induced under green light condition because of inhibiting ss mRNA expression in brain by effect of green wavelength.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

Purpose: Ingestion of puffer fish can be poisonous due to the presence of potent neurotoxins such as tetrodotoxin (TTX) found in its tissues. There are few clinical reports related to TTX. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of TTX poisoning. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the 41 patients diagnosed with TTX poisoning who visited the Seoul Asan medical center from July 2004 and December 2010. A review of patients' electronic medical records and patient telephone interviews were conducted. Diagnosis of TTX poisoning was confirmed by observing the casual link between puffer fish consumption and the development of typical TTX intoxication symptoms. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 46.6 years. The highest incidence of intoxication was observed in patients in their 50s (10 patients). Seasonal distribution of intoxication events included 10 in spring, 7 in summer, 10 in fall, and 14 in winter. In most cases, symptoms occurred within 1 hour of ingestion. A wide range of symptoms were associated with puffer fish ingestion affecting multiple body systems including neuromuscular (27 patients), gastrointestinal (19 patients), and cardiopulmonary/vascular (19 patients). All patients were treated with symptomatic and supportive therapy and recovered completely, without sequelae, within 48 hours. In three cases, ventilator support was required. Conclusion: TTX poisoning is not seasonally related, and patients admitted to the emergency room were observed with a wide range of symptoms. Where TTX poisoning is diagnosed, supportive therapy should be performed. Early intubation and ventilation is important, especially is cases of respiratory failure.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2007

The toxicity of two species of puffer fish, Takifugu pardalis and T. niphobles, collected from the coastal regions of Korea was determined using a mouse bioassay. In T. pardalis collected at Tongyeong, the proportion of toxic specimens containing ${\geq}10MU/g$ exceeded 90% for the skin, fins, liver, intestine, ovary, and gallbladder, 11.1% for the testis, and 6.9% for the muscle. In each of the organs, the highest toxin levels were several tens (14-39) of mouse units (MU) per gram in the muscle, testis, and eyeball, but thousands (1,444-5,755) of MU per gram in the skin, liver, intestine, ovary, and gallbladder. The organs of T. pardalis exhibited remarkable variation in toxicity. In T. niphobles, the proportion of toxic specimens exceeded 90% for the ovary and skin, 60-80% for the fins, liver, intestine, and gallbladder, and 4.5% for the muscle; no toxicity was detected in the testis or eyeball using the mouse bioassay. The highest toxin levels were thousands (2,291-7,777) of MU per gram in the liver, intestine, ovary, and gallbladder, hundreds(146-328) of MU per gram in the skin and fins, and 18 MU/g in the muscle. Takifugu niphobles toxicity also exhibited remarkable regional variation. The toxicity in the edible muscle of T. pardalis and T. niphobles was at acceptable levels for human consumption, while the toxicity of the skin of both species of puffer fish was very high, so that care must be taken when used for human consumption.