• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.6-17
• /
• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a digital model and cone beam computed tomograph(CBCT) image for model analysis. Methods: Model analyses of CBCT images, plaster models, and digital models of 20 orthodontic patients with a permanent dentition with no proximal metal restorations, were compared. Results: The average differences of tooth size measurements were 0.01 to 0.20 mm, and the average difference of arch length discrepancy measurements were 0.41 mm in the maxilla and 0.82 mm in the mandible. The difference in Bolton discrepancy measurements was 0.17 mm for the anterior region and 0.44 mm overall but with no statistically significant difference. When comparing CBCT images with plaster models, the average differences in tooth size measurements were -0.22 to 0.01 mm, and the average differences in arch length discrepancy measurements were 0.43 mm in the maxilla and 0.32 mm in the mandible. Difference in Bolton discrepancy measurements were 0.35 mm in the anterior region and 1.25 mm overall. CBCT images showed significantly smaller overall Bolton discrepancy measurements. Conclusions: Although there were statistically significant differences in some model analysis measurements, the ranges of measurement errors of the digital model and CBCT images were clinically acceptable. Therefore, a digital model and CBCT image can be used for model analysis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract was identified mainly for diarrhea, stomachache, hemafecia. The source and pathologic mechanism about ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease are still unknown but stress, infection, a genetic factor, environmental factors etc. may be the cause of chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract recently. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of herbal acupuncture with Artemisiae Argyi for the treatment to intestinal disease in the rat with 2, 4, 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Methods : Artemisiae Argyi Herbal acupunctures were infected in HapGok (LI4) which is used to treat for intestinal disease in clinic. All animals were subjected to the injection of saline (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a study control and TNBS (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Artemisiae Agryi' Herbal (20 mg/ml, 0.4 ml) acupunctures were injected to the LI4 (both hands) at the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. And body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Artemisiae Argyi' Herbal acupuncture in HapGok (Ll4). Results : Artemisiae Argyi' Herbal acupuncture in HapGok (Ll4) on TNBS-induced colitis inhibit the body weight lose rate but not RBC and WBC count. Furthermore, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusions : Herbal acupuncture with Artemisiae Argyi helps recover the TNBS-induced colonic damage and may be an important method for treatment of the colitis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2011

Background: Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury in rats produces a pain syndrome that includes mechanical and thermal allodynia. Previous studies have indicated that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) play an important role in peripheral mediation of neuropathic pain, and that altered dorsal root ganglion (DRG) function and degree of DRG neuronal apoptosis are associated with spinal nerve injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and the extent of apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglion after SNL in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SNL of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves distal to the DRG and proximal to the formation of the sciatic nerve. At postoperative day 8, TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels in the L5.6 DRG were compared between SNL and naive groups using ELISA. In addition, we compared the percentage of neurons injured in the DRG using immunostaining for apoptosis and localization of activated caspase-3. Results: SNL injury produced significant mechanical and cold allodynia throughout the 7-day experimental period. TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels were increased in the DRG in rats that had undergone SNL ($12.7{\pm}3.2$ pg/100 ${\mu}g$, P < 0.001) when compared with naive rats ($4.1{\pm}1.4$ pg/100 ${\mu}g$). The percentage of neurons or satellite cells co-localized with activated caspase-3 were also significantly higher in rats with SNL than in naive rats (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: SNL injury produces mechanical and cold allodynia, as well as TNF-${\alpha}$ elevation and apoptosis in the DRG.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

Background: Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery and/or the proximal portion of the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. Whether the onset time was childhood or adulthood, the bony carotid canal diameter might be different, but reflects the size of internal carotid artery passing through the bony carotid canal. In this study, we aimed to identify the relationship between bony carotid canal diameter and clinical manifestation. Methods: 146 consecutive patients diagnosed with moyamoya disease by brain imaging studies were included. We measured the diameter of a transverse portion of bony carotid canal on bone window of a brain computed tomography(CT) image. Patients were divided into two groups, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke according to clinical manifestation. As a result, 115 patients were included. The Suzuki stage was used as criteria for disease progression. Results: Bony carotid canal diameter was $3.6{\pm}0.5$ (right) and $3.6{\pm}0.4$ (left) in the hemorrhagic stroke group, and $3.7{\pm}0.4$ (right) and $3.6{\pm}0.4$ (left) in the ischemic stroke group. The bony carotid canal diameter of the moyamoya vessels (3.6 mm) was smaller than the diameter of non-moyamoya vessels (3.8 mm), significantly (p = 0.042). However, there was no difference in the collateral patterns and clinical manifestation in a comparison of both groups. Conclusions: In our study, there was no significant difference of clinical manifestations and collateral patterns depend on the bony carotid canal diameter in patients with moyamoya disease. These findings suggest that the clinical presentations of moyamoya disease are not related to the onset time of the disease.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2012

Purpose: We analyzed the oncologic outcome of the malignant transformed benign giant cell tumor of bone. Materials and Methods: Between January 2000 and February 2012, 5 cases were referred with suspicious malignant transformation of benign giant cell tumor. No patients underwent radiation therapy. Results: After referral, all patients received the wide excision of the tumor and its' pathologic diagnosis were osteosarcoma. As classified by the location of tumor lesion, 3 cases were located in the distal femur, 1 case was in the distal radius and 1 case was in the proximal femur. The average latent period between diagnosis of benign giant cell tumor and diagnosis of secondary malignant giant cell tumor was 49.2 months. (range, 24-126 months) The mean follow-up period was 21.6 months. There were subsequent local recurrence in 2 cases and 3 patients developed distant metastasis. All patients with lung metastasis were dead. Conclusion: Malignant transformation of benign giant cell tumor of bone can be occurred within 5 years. Therefore, when benign giant cell tumor suspicious malignant transformation, it is necessary to do more aggressive treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various surface treatments by measuring removal torque on bone healing around titanium implants. 40 Screw-shaped cp titanium implants with length of 4mm, outer diameter of 3.75mm, and pitch-height of 0.5mm were used Group 1 was left as machined(control), Group 2 was blasted with $50{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$, group 3 was blasted and etched in etching solution($NH_4OH : H_2O_2:H_2O= 1 : 1 : 5$) at $90^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute group 4 was blasted and oxidated under pure oxygen at $800^{\circ}C$. The implant surface roughness was analyzed with SEM and CLSM(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope) and implants were placed in proximal tibial metaphysis of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. After 3 months of healing period, removal torque of each implant was measured to compare bone healing around implant. The results obtained were as follows 1. In SEM view, blasting increased the roughness of the surface, but etching of that rough surface decreased the roughness due to the removal of the tip of the peak. Oxidation also decreased the roughness due to formation of needle-like oxide grains on the implant surface. 2. The Sa value from CLSM was least in the machined group($0.47{\mu}m$), greatest in blasted group($1.25{\mu}m$), and the value decreased after etching($0.91{\mu}m$) and oxidation($0.94{\mu}m$). 3. The removal torque of etched group(24.5Ncm) was greater than that of machined group(16.7Ncm) (P<0.05), and was greatest in the oxidated group(40.3Ncm) and the blasted group(34.7Ncm).

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate marginal leakage of bulk fill flowable composite resin filling with different curing time by using microcomputed tomography technology. Materials and Methods: 30 previously extracted human molars were randomly divided into 6 groups based upon restorative system and different curing time. Class II cavities (vertical slot cavities) were prepared. An individual metallic matrix was used to build up the proximal wall. The SonicFill or SureFil SDR flow was inserted into the preparation by using 1 bulk increment, followed by light polymerization for different curing times. The different exposure times were 20, 40, and 60 seconds. All specimens were submitted to 5,000 thermal cycles for artificial aging. Micro-CT scanning was performed by using SkyScan 1272. One evaluator assessed microleakage of silver nitrated solution at the resin-dentin interface. The 3D image of each leakage around the restoration was reconstructed with CT-Analyser V.1.14.4. The leakage was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Significant differences were observed between the light curing times, but no significant differences were found between the bulk fill composite resins. Increasing in the photoactivation time resulted in greater microleakage in all the experimental groups. Those subjected to 60 seconds of light curing showed higher microleakage means than those exposed for 20 seconds and 40 seconds. Conclusion: Increasing the photoactivation time is factor that may increase marginal microlekage of the bulk fill composite resins. Further, micro-CT can nondestructively detect leakage around the resin composite restoration in three dimensions.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2014

In regards to natural disasters, vulnerability analysis is a component of the disaster risk analysis with one of its objectives as a basis for planning priority setting activities. The volcano eruption raises many casualties and property in the surrounding area, especially when the volcano located in densely populated areas. Volcanic eruptions cannot be prevented, but the risk and vulnerability can be reduced which involve careful planning and preparations that anticipate a future crisis. The social vulnerability as social inequalities with those social factors can influence the susceptibility of various groups to harm and govern their ability to respond. This study carried out the methods of Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) to measure the socially created vulnerability of the people living in Merapi proximal hamlets in Central Java, Indonesia that refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect the resilience of communities in order to describe and understand the social burdens of risk. Social vulnerability captured here, using a qualitative survey based-data such as interviews to local people with random ages and background to capture the answer vary, also interviews to stakeholders to help define social vulnerability variables. The paper concludes that by constructing the vulnerability index for the hamlets, the study reveals information about the distribution and causes of social vulnerability. The analysis using SoVI confirms that this method works well in ensuring that positive values indicating high social vulnerability and vice versa.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.112-117
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate on primary bone tumors of fibula. Materials and Methods: Patients who received operative treatment from January 1993 to December 2005 for primary bone tumors of fibula were analyzed for clinical outcomes. Results: There were 17 patients(10 males, 7 females) who were diagnosed for primary bone tumors of fibula. Osteochondroma was the most common diagnosis and others were osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia. The malignant bone tumors were 10.5% of all fibula tumors. There were 12 cases on proximal, 4 cases on mid shaft, and 1 cases on distal part of fibula. At the final follow up, 14 patients reported patient satisfaction of either excellent or good. Conclusion: Bone tumor of fibula doesn't need reconstruction after the resection unless it invades tibia or its site distal, which enables easy surgical resection. However, generally it is rare and accompany with vague symptoms, so careful approach to diagnosis is necessary because late diagnosis can mean the needs for amputation.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The way in which the resection margin distance for gastric cancer patients who undergo a gastric resection influences the recurrence rate, aspects of recurrence, and the prognosis according to the characteristic of the tumor is not known. We aim to find a standard for tailor-made treatment after selecting patients in this point of view who need a more sufficient resection margin. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done on 1,472 patients who underwent a gastrectomy due to gastric cancer at our hospital from 1992 to 2005. The median follow-up period was 37 months. Results: There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate, the aspects of recurrence, and the 5-year survival rate between early gastric cancer (EGC) patients with a resection margin distance of less than 2 cm compared with EGC patients with a resection margin distance of greater than 2 cm. However, significant differences in the survival rate were found in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients when the patients were classified into groups with resection margin distances less than or greater than 3 cm (P=0.02). Significant differences were noted especially in cases of diffuse histologic-type tumors located in the lower third of the stomach and in cases with Borrmann type-3 and -4 tumors. Conclusion: The distance between the tumor resection margin and the proximal gastric resection margin has no significant influence on the survival rate in EGC patients if the resection margin is negative. However, to improve a patient's survival rate, it is important to guarantee a resection margin of more than 3 cm in AGC patients, especially when the tumor is a diffuse histologic type located in the lower third of the stomach or a Borrmann type 3 and 4.