• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

In this paper, we proposed a new object tracking algorithm based on sparse representation to handle the drifting problem. In APG-L1(accelerated proximal gradient) tracking, the sparse representation is applied to model the appearance of object using linear combination of target templates and trivial templates with proper coefficients. Also, the particle filter based on affine transformation matrix is applied to find the location of object and APG method is used to minimize the l1-norm of sparse representation. In this paper, we make use of the trivial template coefficients actively to block the drifting problem. We experiment the various videos with diverse challenges and the result shows better performance than others.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of performing squats and kneeling squats on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity in persons with stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten persons with stroke (3 male and 7 female) were recruited. The subjects were instructed to randomly perform the 4 different squat conditions: squat with 30 degrees of knee flexion, squat with 60 degrees of knee flexion, squat with 90 degree of knee flexion, and the kneeling squat. During the squat performance, surface electromyograms (sEMG) was used to assess muscle activity of the erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (Gmax), gluteus medius (Gmed), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles. Results: Muscle activation of the ES and BF were significantly increased with the kneeling squats compared to the general squats with 30 degrees and 60 degrees of knee flexion (p<0.05), and muscle activation of the Gmax and Gmed were significantly increased with the kneeling squats compared to all other squat conditions (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the kneeling squat is an effective exercise to strengthen the proximal muscles of the lower extremities. Rather than applying a difficult general squat to the stroke population, the kneeling squat may be applied as a safer method for training the proximal muscles.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2019

The sealing cement of total hip arthroplasty is the most widely used binder in orthopedic surgery for anchoring implants to their recipient bones. Nevertheless, this latter remains a fragile material with weak mechanical properties. Inside this material cracks initiate from cavities. These cracks propagate under the effect of fatigue and lead to the failure of this binder and consequently the loosening of the prosthesis. In this context, this work consists to predict the position of cracks initiation and their propagations path using the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The results show that cracks can only be initiated from a sharp edges of an ellipsoidal cavity which the ratio of the minor axis over the major axis is equal to 0.1. A maximum crack length of 19 ?m found for a cavity situated in the proximal zone position under a static loading. All cracks propagate in same(almost) way regardless of the cavity(site of initiation) position and its inclination in the proximal zone.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Objectives: Interdental toothbrushes are made and sold in various design types and brush thicknesses. However, there is little research on which type of interdental toothbrush currently manufactured and sold on the market is the most effective in eliminating interdental plaque. Therefore, this study aims at comparing the elimination rate of artificial dental plaque between reciprocating- and rotating-types of interdental toothbrush based on the frequency of application and thickness of brush. Methods: This study focused on the effective management of dental plaque using interdental toothbrush, a recommended item for personal dental hygiene. The method was as follows: artificial dental plaque coloring was applied to the distal surface of artificial tooth #46 and the mesial surface of #47. The area was subject to reciprocal movement three and six times to eliminate artificial plaque. Results: The results showed that using a 0.7mm rotating interdental toothbrush, on the proximal surface of each molar, the elimination rates were: on the distal surface of #46, upon three applications 40.24%, upon six applications 30.41%; on the mesial surface of #47, upon three applications 44.52%, upon six applications 29.72%. Conclusions: These results showed that for rotating-type interdental toothbrushes, a high dental plaque elimination rate was observed even though many reciprocal movements were not performed.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2021

Learning by teaching (LbT) has long been recognized as an important learning behavior that constructs meaning based on interactions between learners. This study aimed to explore the meaning of LbT as an important learning activity for future implementation in education. LbT is based on the cultural historical activity theory and sociocultural learning theory, as developed by scholars including Vygotsky. These frameworks value the construction of meaning based on language, and LbT is reported to be effective in constructing meaning. In addition, within the zone of proximal development posited by Vygotsky, learning through interaction between learners improves academic achievement, higher-order thinking, deep learning, and reflective learning. LbT also promotes students' learning presence, and strengthens various competencies such as collaboration and communication skills. Interactive behavior between learners in the form of LbT has been explored as an approach to teaching and learning, with methods including peer learning, peer tutoring, peer teaching, peer mentoring, Lernen durch Lehren, and peer-assisted learning. LbT has also been applied as a learning method. In the future, LbT has boundless potential to improve learning through activities such as flipped learning or online learning based on interactions between learners.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2013

Background Fracture-dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is a relatively common injury. Various treatments for fracture-dislocation of the PIP joint have been reported. In the present study, we performed open reduction through a midlateral incision using absorbable sutures to reduce the small bone fragments and performed volar plate repair. Methods We treated nine patients with fracture-dislocation of the PIP joint with small fractured bone fragments too small for pinning or screw fixation. Patients with volar plate injury were treated with open reduction and volar plate repair at the periosteum of the middle phalangeal bone base by the modified Kessler method using absorbable sutures. All patients were placed in a dorsal aluminum extension block splint, which maintained the PIP joint in approximately 30 degrees of flexion to avoid excessive tension on the sutured volar plate. Results At a mean final follow-up of postoperative 9 months, all patients were evaluated radiographically and had adequate alignment of the PIP joint and reduction of the displaced bone fragments. Range of motion was improved and there were no complications. Conclusions This technique is an excellent alternative to the current method of treating patients with fracture-dislocations that include small fragments that are too small for pinning or screw fixation. It is a less invasive surgical method and enables stable reduction and early exercise without noticeable complications.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

The proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method is an effective way of measuring the regurgitant blood flow rate in the mitral valve. This method defines the modelling required to describe the geometry of the isotach of the PISA. In the normal PISA flow model, the flow rate is calculated assuming that the surface of the isotach is either hemispherical or non-hemispherical numerically. However, this paper evaluated the estimate flow rate using a direct surface subdivision flow model based on the height field after isotach extraction using a region-based scheme. To validate the proposed method, the various PISA flow models were compared using pusatile color Doppler images with flow rates ranging from $30\;cm^3/sec\;to\;60\;cm^3/sec$ flow rate. Whereas the hemispherical flow model had a mean value of $29\;cm^3/sec$ and underestimated the measured flow rate by 35%, the proposed model and non-hemispherical model produced a c;ame mean value of $45\;cm^3/sec$, moreover, both flow models produced a similar pulsatile flow rate.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2010

Purpose: The incomplete reduction of the sesamoid has lately been issued as cause for recurrence. In this study, we analysed factors that may influence reduction of sesamoid. Materials and Methods: The study consists of 50 cases operated by single surgeon. Eighteen cases were done by proximal chevron osteotomy, and 32 cases were done by scarf osteotomy. Hallux valgus (HV) angle and intermetatarsal (IM) angle were measured before and three months after the surgery. Sesamoid position (SP) was classified according to Hardy and Clapham grade system. Results: After the proximal chevron osteotomy, the correction of the mean HV angle was $19.5^{\circ}$, and IM angle was $6.2^{\circ}$. SP was changed from 5.6 to 3.4 grade. After the Scarf osteotomy, the correction of the mean HV angle was 25 degree, and IM angle was $9^{\circ}$. SP was changed from 5.5 to 2.8 grade. There was difference of sesamoid's correction between two different method of surgery (p=0.127). However, better correction of sesamoid was witnessed with bigger correction angle regardless of method of surgery (p=0.002, 0.001). Conclusion: We believe surgical method do not effect sesamoid's correction but more correction angle can result in better correction of sesamoid position.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.350-357
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• 2007

Bone graft had been widely investigated for reconstruction of bone defects or acceleration of bone healing in orthopedics, neurosurgery and dental surgery. Autograft is the golden standard of bone graft but it is associated with donor site morbidity and is restricted in quantity. Xenograft has been researched an alternative method for autograft. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of new bone formation according to three different preparations of implants on rabbit xenograft. Cortical bone xenografts which made from bovine femoral cortical bone were treated by freezing, freeze-drying or defat-freezing implant preparations. They were transplanted into proximal diaphyseal shaft of bifibulae of 15 rabbits which were divided into three groups according to their implant preparation method. The fibulae transplantations were evaluated radiographically and examined osteoblast activity by bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) biweekly for 16 weeks to observe new bone formation and union of the experimental defected region. New bone formation was observed in 7 cases in freeze-drying and defat-freezing group, respectively. Union of proximal and distal end of defected region, which was considered as success of bone graft, was observed in 4 cases (40%; 4 of 10 cases), respectively. In freezing group, new bone formation was observed in 6 cases but, there is no union observed. BALP value was increased over twice after two weeks of graft procedure in all union cases of freeze-drying and defat-freezing group (two of five animals, respectively) then gradually decreased to 16th week. In non-union cases, there is no significant variation in BALP value. Defat-freezing or freeze-drying preparations of implants are more efficacious in new bone formation than freezing method on rabbit xenograft. While it is difficult to propose which is superior between defat-freezing and freeze-drying, defatting of implants may enhance new bone formation in xenograft.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

Purpose: Most proximal humeral fractures are minimally displaced and can be treated satisfactorily with a conservative method. But in many comminuted fractures, hemiarthroplasty is usually done as a primary treatment. The authors evaluated how much functional improvement was achieved after hemiarthroplasty and which factors influence on the final functional results. Materials and Methods: Eleven hemiarthroplasties were performed for three- and four-part fractures(including fracture-dislocation) between April 1992 and June 1999. There were eight women and three men, and the mean age was 65 years. According to Neer classification, six was three-part fracture and five was four-part fracture. Six patients were injured on their right shoulder and five on the left shoulder. Among the five four-part fractures, three had axillary nerve injury and among the six three-part fractures, only one patient had axillary nerve injury. The average follow-up period was 2.4 years(1 year-7 years) after operation. The functional results were evaluated with the UCLA scoring system(Modification for hemiarthroplasty). In addition to the overall results, we compared the results according to the classification of the fracture, the cause of injury, and whether the axillary nerve was injured. Results: At the last follow-up, average total UCLA score was 18.2. The mean score for pain was 7.0, mean muscle power and motion score was 5.5 and 5.7 respectively. The pain relief was more satisfactory than any other functional results. The average score for three-part fractures was 22, and the average for four-part fractures was 13.6. The average score for the patients fractured by vehicle accidents was 15.3, and 19.3 for the patients fractured by slip-down injury. In patients without axillary nerve injury, the average score was 20, and with axillary nerve injury, the score was 15. Conclusion: Shoulder hemiarthroplasty, for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures, cannot restore the shoulder function to normal, but can achieve the functional result to some degree, especially for the activity of daily living. And as for pain, we think that it is relatively effective measure. And we think that the severer the comminution, the more the chance of axillary nerve injury, and the poorer the functional results. In conclusion, the severity of initial injury seems to be the major prognostic factor.