• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1548-1553
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to study the nutritional quality of whole crop corn silage ensiled with cage layer manure in sheep. Treatments were designed as a $3{\times}3$ Latin square with 16-day periods. Sheep were allotted in one of three diet-treatments, which were whole crop corn silage (CS), whole crop corn+30% cage layer manure (CLM) silage (based on DM; MS) and rice straw+concentrate (SC) mixed at 8:2 ratio (on DM basis). Silage ensiled with CLM significantly increased (p<0.05) digestibilities of crude protein, NDF and ADF, TDN over the other treatments. Ruminal pH in sheep fed SC was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the other diets at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h after feeding. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration of the MS treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the other treatments at 0, 1, 2 h after feeding. The MS treatment highly increased (p<0.05) feed intake, digestibility of organic matter and crude protein, nitrogen intake and retained nitrogen. The MS treatment highly increased (p<0.05) purine derivative (PD) excretion leading to higher microbial protein synthesis.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2014

Evaluation of energy in the diet is very important in animal nutrition because food intake is strongly influenced by the energy content of the diet. This means that the intake of other nutrients, such as amino acids, is affected by their ratio to energy content. Poultry can control their energy intake over a range of energy: protein ratios. Energy: protein ratio also affects the growth and body composition. Therefore we need to know what extent the relationship between energy and dietary protein influences the bird's performance. To predict the energy value of the diet or its chemical constituents, researchers have been working on modelling using the equations of the major biochemical pathways in terms of ATP generation and utilization. The activity of feeding and the metabolism caused by digestion and assimilation of food increase the animal's heat production and it can be measured by calorimetry technique. Theoretically, surplus amino acids which are not needed for protein synthesis stimulate an additional increase in metabolic rate and lead to increased energetic costs of catabolism and excretion. However, it has sometimes been shown that there was no measurable diet-induced thermoregulatory effect when an imbalanced amino acid mixture was fed. All these aspects are discussed in this review.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.317-320
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• 1994

An experiment was carried out with village chicken at the laying stage raised on the semi-intensive system on three feeding treatments with each of 30 birds replicated three times. The three feeding treatments were: layer mash only, layer mash and corn as choices and choices of a high protein concentrate and corn. Feed and protein intake was significantly higher for birds on the layer mash and lower for birds on the choices of a high protein and corn diet. There was no differences in egg production for the birds fed the layer mash either alone or a choice with corn but lower for the birds on the choices of a high protein feed and corn. There was no differences in egg weight and gross efficiency for all treatments. The practice of choice feeding layer mash and corn could be adopted by farmers rearing village chicken under the semi-intensive system due to the lower cost.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1979

This study was conducted to abbess dietary intake and eating habits of low-income persons aged 60 years or elder. 212 persons were surveyed between July 10 and August 17, 1978 ; 105 from the farming village of Yang-ju, Kyunggi province; and 107 from Karakdong, an area of redevlopment in the suburbs of Seoul. Results were as follows : 1 ) Family environment 84% of elderly persons surveyed, lived with their children; 13.2%, together as a couple; and 1.9%, widowed, lived alone. More than half on the households had an average monthly income of \50,000 to \30,000. The average Engel index was 61.2%. As for pocket money, 56.4% of male subjects had \l,000 to \7,000 per month, whereas 74% of female had less than \1,000. 2) Anthropometric measurements 59.9% of subjects were $70{\sim}90%$ of standard weight, 93% had an arm circumference only $60{\sim}80%$ of the standard. 3) Food and nutrient intake Carbohydrate provided 73.4 to 79.4% of total energy intake, whereas protein and fat accounted for 10.4 to 10.5% and 8.3 to 7.8%, respectively. Those over 65 years of age showed a somewhat greater dependence on carbohydrates for energy, than those under 65. Protein intake was only $42{\sim}52%$ of the recommended allowance. and the proportion of animal protein to total protein was only $2.1{\sim}9.3%$ far below the recommended allowance. Thus the protein nutrition of the subjects was proven to be inadequate qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Intake of energy and of all nutrients except vitamin A and ascorbic acid, were lower than recommended. 4) Correlational assessment The correlation coefficient between poor dental health, clinical sign score, appetite index, dietary balance and nutrient intake, was significant (0<0.01). Poor teeth, illness, and poor appetite were always associated with inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The results of this survey reveal that many of elderly of the rural and urban poor show evidence of general malnutrition, The authours hope that this study will provide a back. ground and indicate the direction that community health and welfare programs may take to assure proper nutrition for the elderly.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1982

Various kinds of legumes have included as essential foods in Korean diet. However, a little attention have been paid on variety of those beans other than soybean. Main purposes of this study is to evaluate the protein quality of raw and cooked, red mung bean. Eighty male, sprague-Dawely rats weighing 50 gram were devided into 16 groups, five rats each. Casein protein from red and mung bean were used was included to after true digestibility of the protein of legemes. After 4 weeks feeding period animals were sacrificed and following data: all determined food intake, body weight gain, F.E.R., pp.E.R. and weights of liver, kidney heart, spleen, testis, pancreas, skeletal muscles. Food intake, body weight gain, F.E.R., pp.E.R. of casein group were higher than those of experimental groups (red bean, mung bean) body weight gain was increased with protein increment in the diet in all groups. The weight of liver showed significant difference between standard group and experimental group. (red bean, mung bean) The nitro gen content of liver and muscles were increased with level of protein in the diets.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary-intake and that of health by mean of questionarie and interview for male and female old persons living in Seoul area. The contents of study included general aspects, physical status and health, nutrient intake, and food intake frequency. The results from the above survey are summarized as follows ; 1. The age group in the range of 60 to 79 years old was 71%, and the average number of family was 4.9. The educational level was 56% of elderly persons were elementary or middle school graduates . 42.8% of elderly persons had an average monthly income of \490,000 to 300,000. 2. The aged average height, weight, and physical index were 164.9cm, 55.8kg and 20.4 in male, 152.7cm, 46.0kg and 20.3 in female which were lower than the Korean average standard. (male; 167.0cm, 61.0kg, female; 156.0cm, 55.0kg) In the degree of health self-consciousness, percentage distribution of poor and very poor was 29% in male, 59% in female. Among the condition of disease, neuralgia was 23.8%, hypertension was 17.2%, diabetes was 5.4%. 3. Average daily calorie intake was $63.9{\sim}70.4%$ for male and $76.4{\sim}83.9%$ for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. Protein intake was $42.9{\sim}57.3g$ (which was $72.8{\sim}82.6%$ RDA) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were $24.3{\sim}28.2%$($12.9{\sim}16.2g$). Iron, Vitamin $B_1$, $B_2$ Niacin intake exceeded the RDA, but the intake of Calcium, Vitamin C were far less than that of RDA. 4. In the correlations between nutritional intakes and environmental factors and health, economic living situations and educational level as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). 5. Food intake frequency of meats, fishes, eggs, for average of $1{\sim}2$ days per week were $44.8{\sim}50.5%$, that of milk and milk products for scarecely week were 42.9.% Correlation of food intake frequency was divided three levels-good, fair, poor. Food intake frequency as the factors which might influence the condition of nutritional intake was significant(P<0.01). The results of the survey reveal that many of elderly show evidence of general nutrient intake deficiency, it requires first of all importance of nutrition to improve nutritional level through to promotion of elderly health.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.489-497
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• 2016

본 연구는 8주간 고령여성을 대상으로 유단백 섭취와 탄성밴드운동을 통해 고령여성의 활동체력 및 대사성 위험인자의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 처치군(TG)과 통제군(CG)으로 구분하여 두 그룹을 선정하였다. TG에서는 유단백 섭취와 탄성밴드운동을 8주간 적용하였으며, CG는 통제군으로서 본 프로그램에 참여하지 않고 일반적 생활을 영위하도록 하였다. TG에 적용된 유단백 섭취는 하루 3회 총 900ml가 제공되었으며, 이와 함께 탄성밴드운동을 주 당 4회 준비운동과 정리운동을 포함해 60분간 실시되었다(RPE<17). 자료분석은 8주간 프로그램 적용 전과 후에 측정하여 프로그램의 상호작용효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이와 같은 절차를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 8주간의 유단백 섭취와 탄성밴드운동은 고령여성의 활동체력(근력, 근지구력, 평형성) 변화에 유의한 상호작용효과를 나타냈다(p<.05). 둘째, 8주간의 유단백 섭취와 탄성밴드운동은 고령여성의 대사성위험인자(TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) 변화에 유의한 상호작용효과를 나타냈다(p<.05). 본 연구는 유단백 섭취와 탄성밴드운동을 통해 고령여성의 활동체력 및 대사성위험인자의 긍정적 변화를 나타냈다. 하지만 모든 요인에서 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않아 후속연구에서는 구체화된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1200-1206
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• 2006

단백질과 칼륨의 섭취량으로 산출한 NEAP와 여성의 골밀도 및 골대사지표와의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 $18\sim81$세의 여성 276명을 대상으로 설문조사와 식사섭취조사, 요추와 대퇴경부의 골밀도 측정, 소변의 디옥시피리디놀린을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상자들의 NEAP 수준은 요추 골밀도(p<0.05)와 유의적인 음의 상관성을 보였고 대퇴경부 골밀도와도 유의적인 수준은 아니었으나 음의 상관성을 보였다. NEAP의 수준에 따라 대상자를 4분위수로 분류하고 연령, 신장, 체중의 차이를 보정하여 골밀도를 비교하였을 때 NEAP 수준이 가장 낮은 군의 요추 및 대퇴경부 골밀도가 가장 높았으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 또한 단백질의 섭취량에 따른 골밀도의 4분위수 분석결과 단백질의 섭취량이 증가함에 따라 요추 골밀도가 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 통하여 체내에서 알칼리를 생성하는 칼륨의 섭취증가와 체내에서 산을 생성하는 단백질의 섭취감소를 통한 체내 산도의 감소가 여성의 골밀도와 긍정적인 관련성을 나타낼 수 있음이 제시되었다. 따라서 칼슘섭취의 부족문제가 좀처럼 해결되고 있지 않은 우리나라의 식생활에서 골용해와 칼슘의 배설을 줄임으로써 골격건강을 유지할 수 있는 방안으로 단백질의 과잉섭취를 제한하고 체내 알칼리를 형성할 수 있는 무기질이 풍부한 식품의 섭취를 늘일 수 있도록 하는 식사지침의 마련이 필요하다고 생각된다. 또한 본 연구에서는 골밀도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 체내 알칼리성 유도 영양소를 칼륨으로만 한정했지만, 마그네슘이나 칼슘 등도 체내 알칼리성에 영향을 미치는 요인이기 때문에 다양한 알칼리성 영양소의 섭취가 골밀도에 미치는 영향에 대한 추후 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 1988

This nutritional survey was conducted from September 17 to October 6, 1984, in order to investigate the state of the nutritional intakes of perple living Gapoe-Dong, coastal area of Korea. This survey covered a total of forty houses. The method of this research was based on the interiview-survey with questinaires. All of the food taken daily by the people are all weighed before cooking ; the rest of food after mealing are also weighed. Thus the amount of food taken by people can be come out. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The average intake of all nutrients were below the RDA, especially calorie, vitamin B2, calcium and iron were insufficient. The protein intake was only 55.2g but the contribution of animal protein to total protein was adequate(38%). It was provided mostly by fish and shell-fish. 2) Chief food sources were rice, vegetables, fish and shell-fish, and milk, eggs, oil, potato, and fruits were insufficient. 3) The level of education and the number of family were significantly correlated to the nutrientintake, especially correlation between family-size and colorie, calcium intake were significant.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2005

This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food habits and nutrient intake of the long-lived elderly men and women living in Ganghwa-gun. In order to assess the quality of dietary intake among the elderly, a survey was conducted during December 2003 of 103 subjects who were over 85 years of age. Dietary nutrient intake data were obtained through the 24 hr recall method. Chi-square test and t-test were the main data analysis method. Their dietary habits such as three meals a day and a regular meal time have shown that they have generally good eating habits. Average daily calorie intake ($\%$ RDA) was 1233.2 kcal ($68.8\%$) for male and 1215.8 kcal ($75.8\%$) for female which were lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Koreans. Energy intake of females got closer to RDA than that of male. Protein intake was 49.3 g for male and 46.9 g for female (which was $82.3\%$ RDA for male and $85.1\%$ RDA for female) for elderly person, the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were $45.2\%$ for male and $39.0\%$ for female. Average CPF ratio of energy intake for both male and female were 68.7 : 16.1 : 15.2 and 69.6 : 15.4 : 15.0. SFA : MUFA : PUFA ratio of the subject was 0.78 : 1.03 : 1.00 for male and 0.64 : 0.92 : 1.00 for female. Calcium intakes for both males and females were 321.3 mg and 377.2 mg. Vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. Mean daily intakes of most of the vitamins and minerals for both males and females were lower than RDA except vitamin C and Zn for female, especially $\%$ RDAs of vitamin A, Ca for male and vitamin A for females were less than $50\%$ of RDA. In conclusion, long-lived elderly in Ganghwa areas did not consume enough nutrients quantitatively as well as qualitatively, especially Ca, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$ and vitamin E. These results suggest that nutritional guidelines for older Koreans should focus on the maintenance of adequate energy intake. In addition, selection of foods with high protein and calcium, such as dairy food, should be emphasized, particularly in the long-lived elderly.