• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.270-275
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• 1997

In order to produce betacyanins from sugar beet(Beta vulagris L.) in vitro, callus induction, shoot formation, root formation, betacyanin contents and protein contents determined from callus which was induced cotyledons of sugar beet seedling under an addition of NAA and BAP on the MS medium. The results were summarized as follows; The combination 3.0mg/l NAA and 1.0mg/l BAP treatment showed the most high callus induction rate, betacyanin and protein contents. The combination NAA and BAP treatments were not shoot formation, but BAP treatments showed high root formation rate. But high concentrations of BAP have not shown root formation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.424-439
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• 1990

The protein content of seed meal were examined to evaluate genotypes of higher protein content from 164 peanut germplasms. The variations in amino acids content were investigated from nine Korean leading varieties grown at five locations. Amino acids contents of protein fractions were also ana lysed in the present study, too. The results of the study were summarized as fallows. The seed protein of 164 peanut varieties averaged 24.5% ranging from 19.5% to 28.7%, showed 9.2% varietal variation in proteins. Differences were not observed in protein content between plant types, however, protein contents were higher in small-seeded than large seeded varieties. The differences were more greater particulaly in Spanish type varieties. The varieties introduced from Taiwan and Philippine showed higher protein contents, and the cultivars or lines bred in Korea and introduced from Japan were lower in protein contents. protein contents showed non-significantly negative correlations with 100-kernel weight and pod weight per plant, but positive correlations were observed between oil and protein content in all types of peanuts. Significant differences among the varieties and locations were observed for total, essential and non-essential amino acids contents, and aspartic acid. Locational differences for arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine and tyrosine, and varietal difference for phenylalanene were revealed as significant. The limiting amino acids from the leading varieties were isoleucine, methionine, threonine, alanine and tyrosine, comparing with FAO recommanding levels of amino acids. Among the protein fractions prolamins was the highest in total amino acids, but essential amino acids was the highest in globulins

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on cadmium detoxication in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 208 $\pm$ 19 g were blocked into 10 groups of 7 animals according to body weight. Five groups were fed 15% protein-0.6% calcium diet with 100ppm cadmium in drinking water for first 15days and the other 5groups fed same diet without cadmium in drinking water for same period and served as controls. After this 15-day intoxication period, each one of cadmium intoxication and control groups were fed each of 4 kinds of detoxifying diets different with protein(40%, 15%) and calcium(1.3%, 0.6%) levels without cadmimum in drinking water for following 15 days of detoxifying period. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Food intake, body weight gain, F.E.R. and weights of liver, kidney and femur were increased by detoxifying diets and high protein diet was most effective in weight gains of liver and kidney. 2) When cadmium and metallothionein contents of initial intoxication group and those of all detoxication groups were compared, cadmium and metallothionein contents in the liver were not changed, but those in kidney increased, and those in intestine decreased markedly. 3) Only dietary protein level affected cadmium and metallothionein distribution among organs, and cadmium contents of whole blood, liver, kidney and femur were lower in high protein diet, but metallothionein contents in liver and kidney were higher in high protein diet. 4) Gel filtration chromatogram showed that most of cadmium in the cytosol was bound to metallothionein fractions in high protein-high calcium group. Results obtained indicated that high protein diet was effective in cadmium detoxication by increasing the induction of metallothionein synthesis. But high calcium diet did not play a role in cadmium detoxication.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 1998

This study was conducted to establish a rapid analysis method for determining protein and moisture contents of pea. Ninety and eighty pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines were analyzed to determine protein and moisture contents, respectively using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Simple correlations (${\gamma}$) of protein content in a ground sample and an intact grain sample by an automatic regression method were 0.978 and 0.910, respectively. Simple correlations by partial least square regression/principal component analysis (PLS/PCA) methods were 0.982 and 0.925, respectively. Standard error of performance (SEP) in protein content was the lowest value, 0.446 in ground sample by PLS/PCA methods. Simple correlation of moisture content was the highest at 0.871 in ground samples. when using a standard regression method. Accuracy for the moisture content was slightly lower than for protein content. It was concluded that the NIRS method would be applicable only for rapid determination of protein content in pea.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.626-634
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• 2017

This study set out to identify the changes in the nutrient contents during the chicken cooking process as basic data for the establishment of a national health nutrition policy. Samples were produced using 3 chicken parts (wing, breast, and leg) and 7 cooking methods (boiling, pan-cooking, pan-frying, deep-frying, steaming, roasting, and microwaving), and the essential amino acid contents, principal components, and retention rates were analyzed. Weight loss was observed in all chicken parts with all cooking methods. The protein and essential amino acid contents of the chicken samples differed significantly according to the part and the cooking method (p<0.01). The protein and essential amino acid contents (g/100 g) of raw and cooked chicken parts showed ranges of 16.81-32.36 and 0.44-2.45, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) clearly demonstrated that the cooking methods and chicken parts produced similar trends for the essential amino acid contents. The retention rates of the chicken parts varied with the cooking methods, yielding a minimum value of 83% for isoleucine in a roasted wing, 91% for protein in a steamed breast, and 77% for isoleucine and lysine in a roasted leg. Therefore, the protein and amino acid contents of the roasted breast were higher than those of the other cooked chicken parts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.146-164
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• 1980

In this paper it was attempted to observe the effect of defatted panax ginseng supplement of the growth rate, feed and protein efficiency ratios, and the contents of cholesterol, total lipid and protein in the serum, liver and aorta in Sprague-Dowley Albino male rat (weighing 83 ${\pm}$ 4 g). Seven kinds of experimental diets were prepared as follows : Stock (control) diet, ginseng control diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% of ginseng powder to the stock diet, and defatted ginseng Powder diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% of defatted ginseng powder to the stock diet. .All diets contained same level of lipid and protein, respectively. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The growth rate in the feeding group of 0.5% defatted ginseng powder diet for 16week were higher than other diet groups. 2. Feed and Protein efficiency in 0.5% defatted ginseng group showed similar tendency to that in body growth rate. 3. The total cholesterol contents in the serum of 0.5% defatted ginseng Powder diet$.$ group showed the tendency to decrease gradually for 4 to 12 weeks, maintaining higher level than other groups. The free cholesterol contents in the serum of defatted ginseng powder diet group in 8 the and 16th weeks were higher than all ginseng control diet group. The total and free cholesterol contents in the liver of all defatted ginseng diet groups in 16th week were higher than hose of all ginseng control groups. The total cholesterol content at 12h week and the free cholesterol content at 16th week i n the aorta of all defatted ginseng diet groups were lower than those of ginseng control groups, respectively. 4. The total lipid contents in the serum of 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng diet groups at 2nd to I2th weeks were lower than other groups, and those in the liver and aorta of all defatted ginseng diet groups at 12th weeks were lower than those of ginseng control diet groups. 5. The protein contents of the serum and aorta were continuously increased throughout whole experimental period in all experimental groups. The protein content of the liver of all groups were decreased at 2nd week and after then no change was observed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.280-290
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the menu and nutritional contents of convenience store lunchboxes, and evaluated the nutritional content by meal type, price, and store brand. Methods: In September 2019, 93 convenience store lunchboxes from the top five franchise stores were purchased. Relevant information on price, food weight, food ingredients, cooking methods, and nutrition labeling were subsequently collected. Nutritional content was evaluated based on the daily value (DV) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ), and energy contribution of carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fat and sugar was compared with the recommended range. Results: Most lunchboxes included the food groups; grains/starches, meats/fish/eggs/legumes, and vegetables. However, none provided fruits, and only a few lunchboxes provided milk/milk products. Stir-frying, deep-frying, and pan-frying were the most frequent methods of cooking. The average energy content of the lunchboxes was 736.6 kcal, whereas the average contents of protein, fat and saturated fat were higher than 40% of the DV, and sodium content was 66.8% of the DV. The contents of most nutrients in traditional type lunchboxes were higher, as compared to nutrients in onedish type lunchboxes. Considering pricing of lunchboxes, protein and sodium contents were higher in the higher-priced lunchboxes as compared to lower-priced lunchboxes, but there were no differences in the INQs. The contents of energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol significantly differed by brand. Conclusions: Our results indicate that convenience store lunchboxes contain high levels of protein, fat, saturated fat, and sodium. The nutritional contents differed by meal type, price, and store brand, and higher price did not imply higher nutritional quality. We propose the need to educate consumers to check nutrition labels and purchase appropriate lunchboxes. Manufacturers also need to make efforts to reduce the amounts of fat, saturated fat, and sodium, and not provide protein in excess.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.771-778
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contents of protein, fat, lactose and energy in the human milk and the intake of human milk and those nutrients in breast-fed infants from 16 lactating women in Seoul area during the first 5 months postpartum. Daily human milk intake was determined by test-weighing method and the milk from 16 mothers was analyzed for protein (semimicro Kjeldahl, N $\times$ 6.38), fat (milk checker), lactose (HPLC). Energy was calculated by Atwater and milk factor. The mean intake of human milk to the 5th month of lactation was 668 $\pm$ 186 $m\ell$/day. Mean protein contents of the human milk at 0.5, 12, 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum showed 1.48, 1.35, 1.17, 1.11, 1.15 and 1.10 g/100 $m\ell$ respectively. Lipid and lactose contents of the human milk during the first S months postpartum averaged 3.38 g/100 $m\ell$ and 6.79 g/100 $m\ell$. Energy contents at 0.5, 12, 3, 4 and 5 months postpartum showed 64.2, 66.1, 68.3, 60.1, 58.9 and 61.2 g/100 $m\ell$ respectively. Protein intake of infants from the human milk was 8.22 g/day which was 54.8% of Korean RDA. Lipid and lactose intake of infants were 23.0 and 45.6 g/day. Energy intake of infants was 422.3 kcal/day which was 84.4% of Korean RDA. Total energy content was almost same value regardless of Atwater or milk factor but the energy ratio was some different. Protein and solid contents decreased the course of lactation but lactose content was less changed. These results suggest that more research were required for the RDA.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1985

In order to investigate an effect of non-protein nitrogen on the biological utilization of protein, hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed for the first 8 days with a commercial chicks mash, next 6 days with protein-free diet and subsequent 6 days with protein-free diets and protein diets containing 10.59% of crude protein supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%, respectively. During experimental feeding period, chicks fed protein-free diets had intaked gradually lower feed and had shown a similar body weight loss though urea contents were increased. When birds fed protein diets, body weight gain and feed intake were not different among birds fed the graded levels of urea although feed conversions were shown a highering tendency along with increasing urea contents. According as supplemented urea were increased, protein efficiency ratio f (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were increased in chicks fed protein-free diets, which were shown a lowering trend in chicks fed protein diets. Effect of supplemented urea on the urinary excretion of uric acid were not found in birds fed protein-free diets, while which were increased in birds fed protein diets with the increase of urea contents. Urea addition did not affect the excretion of total creatine in birds fed protein-free or protein diets. Excretion of ammonia was jogjered in order to increasing level of urea in birds fed protein-free diets, but which were not found any particular effect in birds fed protein diets. Also urea excretion were gradually increased with the increasing contents of urea in protein-free and protein diets. Nitrogen balance of birds fed protein-free diets were minus values, which were increased with increasing urea contents in diets. When birds fed protein diets, nitrogen balance and urinary nitrogen excretion was highered and fecal nitrogen excretion were not altered as urea levels of diets increased. Digestibility of urea nitrogen supplemented in protein-free diets were lowered along with increasing contents of urea, but biological value(BV) and net protein utilization(NPU) was found a highering tendency in birds fed protein-free diet containing 1.5% of urea. When birds fed with protein diets, digestibility, BV and NPU of protein were found a highering trend in birds fed protein diets added with 0.5% of urea.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2019

This study was carried out to build a database system for amylose and protein contents of rice germplasm based on NIRS (Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) analysis data. The average waxy type amylose contents was 8.7% in landrace, variety and weed type, whereas 10.3% in breeding line. In common rice, the average amylose contents was 22.3% for landrace, 22.7% for variety, 23.6% for weed type and 24.2% for breeding line. Waxy type resources comprised of 5% of the total germplasm collections, whereas low, intermediate and high amylose content resources share 5.5%, 20.5% and 69.0% of total germplasm collections, respectively. The average percent of protein contents was 8.2 for landrace, 8.0 for variety, and 7.9 for weed type and breeding line. The average Variability Index Value was 0.62 in waxy rice, 0.80 in common rice, and 0.51 in protein contents. The accession ratio in arbitrary ranges of landrace was 0.45 in amylose contents ranging from 6.4 to 8.7%, and 0.26 in protein ranging from 7.3 to 8.2%. In the variety, it was 0.32 in amylose ranging from 20.1 to 22.7%, and 0.51 in protein ranging from 6.1 to 8.3%. And also, weed type was 0.67 in amylose ranging from 6.6 to 9.7%, and 0.33 in protein ranging from 7.0 to 7.9%, whereas, in breeding line it was 0.47 in amylose ranging from 10.0 to 12.0%, and 0.26 in protein ranging from 7.0 to 7.9%. These results could be helpful to build database programming system for germplasm management.