• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-42
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• 2009

Objectives : This Study was performed to assess the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) in PC12 cells and primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Methods : The anioxidant effect was investigated using the DPPH radical and ABTS cation scavenging assays and total polyphenol amout of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan). The neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) in PC12 cells was evaluated using MTT assay. The scavenging activity of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) on ROS production induced by 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine) in PC12 cells was evaluated, as well as the attenuating effect on GSH reduction. Finally, we examined the neuroprotective effect of Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) against 6-0HDA-induced toxicity in the primary culture of rat mesencephalic doperminergic neurons. Results : Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) showed concentration-dependent scavenging activities in DPPH radical and ABTS cation scavenging assays and it was not cytotoxic to PC12 cells. In postand co-treatment, Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) protected PC12 cells from the 6-OHDA induced toxicity at 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/mL significantly. And Chunghyu!-dan(Qingxuedan) decreased the 6-OHDA induced ROS production at a dose dependent manner, while increaing the 6-OHDA induced GSH reduction at 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/mL significantly. Finally, Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) showed signicant protection of rat mescencephalic dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA at 1 ${\mu}$g/mL. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Chunghyul-dan(Qingxuedan) has the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect against 6-0HDA induced cytotoxicity through decreasing ROS production and increasing GSH reduction.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

Effects of Chiyangtang(CYT) on H. pylori-induced increase of interleukin 8 and interleukin 1 gene expression was studied in Kato Ⅲ cell line, a human stomach epithelial cell line. Treatment of H. pylori to the cell culture signifant!y increased IL-8 and IL-1 mRNA synthesis. When CYT was added along with H. pylori, the increase of IL-8 and IL-1 mRNA synthesis was blocked. Activation of transcription factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1 which were known to important in IL-8 and IL-1 gene expression was also studied using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) assay. Treatment of H. pylori increased activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-l and CYT effectively protected the activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that CYT effectively inhibited DNA binding of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-l to their cognate site. These results suggested that CYT could prevent stomach diseases through the down regulation of IL -8 and IL-l gene expression which might be mediated by the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-1 activities and their binding to DNA.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

국내 분리 침습성 균주중선별된 S. pneumoniae KNIH1156 (type 19F)으로부터 페렴구균의 병원성 인자이며 항원학적으로 다양한 표면단백항원인 pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)를 분리${\cdot}$정제하였다. 폐렴구균을 CDM-ET배지에서 배양하게 되면 배지내로 PspA가 방출된다는 점과 PspA가 인간의 lactoferrin에 특이적으로 결합한다는 사실을 이용하여 CDM-ET 배지에서 S. pneumoniae KNIH1156 을 배양한 후 배양액을 농축하여 lactoferrinaffinity chromatography에 통과시켜 PspA를 분리, 정제하였다. 정제 후 anti-PspA antiserum으로 PspA를 확인하여 순수분리, 정제되었음을 확인하였으며 또한 인간의 lactoferrin과의 결합능력을 유지하고 있음을 확인하였다. 순수하게 분리하여 정제된 PspA의 면역원성을 확인하기 위하여 ICR mice에 욕강주사하였을 때 $LD_{50}$ 가 $1{\times}10^{7.5}$ CFU/ml께서 $1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/ml로 약 500배 중가함을 관찰하였다. 따라서 본 실험에서S. pneumoniae KNIH1156 으로부터 분리${\cdot}$ 정제한 PspA가 면역원성과 방어능을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 1999

A thermostable pullulanase has been isolated and purified from Thermus caldophilus GK-24 to a homogeneity by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 431-fold increase from the crude culture broth with a recovery of 11.4%. The purified enzyme showed $M_{r}$ of 65 kDa on denaturated and natural conditions. The pI of the enzyme was 6.1 and Schiff staining was negative, suggesting that the enzyme is not a glycoprotein. The enzyme was most active at pH 5.5. The activity was maximal at $75^{\cire}C$ and stable up to $95^{\cire}C$ for 30 min at pH 5.5. The enzyme was stable to incubation from pH 3.5 to pH 8.0 at $4^{\cire}C$ for 24hr. The presence of pullulan protected the enzyme from heat inactivation, the extent depending upon the substrate concentration. The activity of the enzyme was simulated by $Mn^{2+}$ ion, }$Ni^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ ions. The enzyme hydrolyzed the ${\alpha}$-1,6-linkages of amylopectin, glycogens, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-limited dextrin, and pullulan. The enzyme caused the complete hydrolysis of pullulan to maltotriose and the activity was inhibited by $\alpha$, $\beta$, or $\gamma$-cyclodextrins. The $NH_{2}$-terminal amino acid sequence [(Ala-Pro-Gln-(Asp of Tyr)-Asn-Leu-Leu-Xaa-ILe-Gly-Ala(Ser)] was compared with known sequences of various sources and that was compared with known sequences of various sources and that was different from those of bacterial and plant enzymes, suggesting that the enzymes are structurally different.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2012

Three Korean-bred strawberry cultivars 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', and 'Keumhyang', and a Japanese cultivar 'Tochiotome' were grown in a greenhouse and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Fruit weight of 'Seolhyang' and 'Keumhyang' in the first and second fruit clusters were greater than those of other cultivars and that of 'Tochiotome' was the greatest in the fifth fruit cluster. Fruit firmness generally decreased at later fruit clusters, and was the lowest in 'Seolhyang'. The sugars/organic acids ratios in the first and third fruit clusters of 'Maehyang' were 4.9 and 8.0, respectively, representing the highest values among all cultivars. The ascorbic acid content was the greatest in the second fruit cluster for 'Seolhyang', 'Keumhyang', and 'Tochiotome' cultivars and that of 'Maehyang' was the greatest at the third fruit cluster. The anthocyanin content was higher in later fruit clusters and was the highest in 'Keumhyang' overall. Results indicate that Korean cultivars bred for the plastic protected culture, which are intended for very early harvest, showed more desirable physical characteristics in the first and second fruit clusters, while the content of anthocyanin was greater in the fruits from later fruit clusters.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2010

우리나라에서 전통 공예는 중요무형문화재로 지정 보호되고 있기는 하지만 현대 생활에서는 그 활용도가 높지 않다. 그러나 현재 전통문화산업의 전략적 비중이 높아져가고, 문화적 요소가 산업의 경쟁력을 좌우하는 시대가 도래되었다. 또한 전통공예의 활성화에 대한 관심과 요구가 커지고 있으나, 전통공예는 그 특성상 여전히 여러 가지 문제점들을 안고 있다. 따라서 전통공예의 기술보전과 산업적 활용이라는 두 가지 과제를 효과적으로 실천할 수 있는 방안이 다각도로 모색되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중요무형문화의 종류 중 전통공예기술을 다양한 각도에서 분류하여 그 특징을 분석함으로써 현대의 실생활에 활용도가 높은 공예기술을 찾아 체계적으로 정리하고자 한다. 그리고 이 연구를 통해 전통 공예기술이 전승이나 보존의 한계에서 벗어나 현대적인 기술로서의 발전 가능성과 다양한 산업화 방안을 모색할 수 있는 가이드 라인이 되고자한다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.270-280
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• 1998

Ginseng is one of the most widely used medicinal plants, particularly in East Asian countries. Certain fractions or purified ingredients of ginseng have been shown to exert inhibitory effects on growth of cancer cells in culture or on tumorigenesis in experimental animals. Moreover, a recent epidemiologic study reveals that ginseng intake is associated with a reduced risk for environmentally related cancers such as esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and pulmonary tumors. Heat treatment of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer at the temperature higher than that applied to the conventional preparation of red ginseng yielded a mixture of saponins with potent antioxidative properties. Thus, the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng (designated as'NGMe') attenuated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates induced by ferric ion or ferric ion plus ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the extract protected against strand scission in f Xl 74 supercoiled DNA Induced by UV photolysis of H2O2 and was also capable of scavenging superoxide generated in vitro by xanthine/xanthine oxidate or in differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells by the tumor promoter,12-0-tetvade- canoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Since tumor promotion is closely linked to oxidative stress, we have determined possible anti-tumor promotional effects of NGMe on two-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis. Topical application of NGMe onto shaven backs of female ICR mice 10 min prior to TPA significantly ameliorated skin papillomagenesi s initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA).'Likewise, TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and elevation of tumor necrosis factor-a were suppressed signifies%fly by NGMe pretreatment. NGMe topically applied onto surface of hamster buccal pouch 10 min before each topical application of DMBA inhibited oral carcinogenesis by 76olo in terms of multiplicity. Taken together, these results suggest that processed Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer has potential cancer chemopreventive activities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.440-455
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• 2002

The final goal for an orthognathic surgery is a functional and esthetic achievement based on occlusion theory. All the dental treatment should be done with the occlusion in mind, though, they tend to be ignored with no good reason. We cannot think of occlusion without temporomandibular joint because it is the first clue to define an occlusion. As normal occlusion comes from the central tendency of distribution of population, we can get it by examining the population that closely meet the criteria of ideal occlusion. To perform proper occlusal function and to maintain the stability after treatment, the case must be finished in normal occlusion closer to ideal one. Our aim is to achieve the ideal occlusal scheme like the mutually protected occlusion with the best masticatory efficiency and the stability. The facial esthetics are influened by culture, race and the time in which human live. While the occlusal function rarely changes as time goes by, esthetics tend to do from one country to another. Orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons should have solid sets of treatment goals to achieve the best facial esthetics and the ideal occlusion dictated by the joint. Doing orthognathic surgery, two factors aforementioned should be taken into account to establish the Surgical Treatment Objectives(STO). The doctors who are planning orthognathic surgery need to have a very logical and systematic thought process to make STO. The author examined 28 selected beautiful Korean female adults with normal skeleton with normal occlusion and analyzed the hard and the soft tissue relationship into five parts : dentomaxillary relationship, intermaxillary relationship, posture to hard tissue relationship, facial balance, and posture to soft tissue relationship. This study presents a sequential flow of diagnosis and treatment planning especially for surgical patients and it also can be applied to the nonsurgical patients.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

Hovenia dulcis which is distributed in Korea, China and Japan is known to show hepatoprotctive effect and reduce the acute alcohol toxicity. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect against the chemically induced experimental liver injury models and lowering effect of blood alcohol level in animal models acutely administered alcohol by the peduncle extracts of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana were investigated. HdfHW-1, and HdfM-1 which are the extracts of fruit peduncles and young branches with hot water or 70％ methanol and followed with 100％ methanol, were significantly reduced the $CCl_4$ or D-galactosamine/LPS induced damage in sliced liver. The hot water or methanol extracts of fruit peduncle protected dose-dependently against $CCl_4$ induced toxicity in primary hepatocyte culture and particularly, the amount of LDH release was reduced to the control level at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of hot water extracts. HdfHW-1 also decreased the hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rats. The active components of HdfHW-1 seemed to be high molecular weights because 0.2 M NaCl HdfHW-1 fraction was the most effective among NaCl fractions of HdfHW-1 eluted with various concentrations of NaCl on DEAE 650C column chromatography. HdfM and HdfHW were significantly reduced the levels of blood alcohol in rats and mice administered 40％ alcohol. These results indicated that the hot water or methanol extracts of fruit peduncle of Hovenia dulcis var. koreana have hepatoprotective effect and may be reduce alcohol toxicity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2020

Background: Dietary fat has been suggested to be the cause of various health issues. Obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease are known to be associated with a high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and associated conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are currently a worldwide health problem. Few prospective pharmaceutical therapies that directly target NAFLD are available at present. A Traditional Chinese Medicine, ginseng-plus-Bai-Hu-Tang (GBHT), is widely used by diabetic patients to control glucose level or thirst. However, whether it has therapeutic effects on fat-induced hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome remains unclear. Methods: This study was conducted to examine the therapeutic effect of GBHT on fat-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance in mice. Results: GBHT protected mice against HFD-induced body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia compared with mice that were not treated. GBHT inhibited the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy. No ectopic fat deposition was found in the livers of HFD mice treated with GBHT. In addition, glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD mice was also improved by GBHT. Conclusion: GBHT prevents changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in a HFD mouse model. Our findings provide evidence for the traditional use of GBHT as therapy for the management of metabolic syndrome.