• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.473-475
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• 1996

The prosodic features of Spoken Chinese play the important roll of the naturalness, a list of prosodic labeling symbols represents all the prosodic features is given in this paper, and a paragraph of ' Prosodic Labeling Text '(PLT) is also attached for example.

• MALSORI
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• no.46
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• pp.127-143
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• 2003

This paper presents segmental labeling conventions proposed by SiTEC (Speech Information Technology Engineering Center) 2002 and proposes a new directions of a revision for a simpler version. The paper also reviews one of the prosody labelling conventions for Korean, K-ToBI convention(ver. 3.1) and proposes a couple of modifications and suggestions.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-133
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• 1998

The system proposed in this paper prosodically transcribes the intonation patterns, prosodic structures, phrasings, and other prosodic aspects of Korean utterances, on four parallel tiers: a tone tier, an orthographic tier, a break index tier, and a miscellaneous tier. The tone tier employs two phrase accents (L* and H *), three accentual phrase boundary tones (L-, H-, LH-), and four intonational phrase boundary tones (L%,H%,LH%,LHL%) in order to provide a phonological transcription of pitch events associated with accented syllables and phrase boundaries. The break index tier uses five break indices, numbered from 0 to 4, which mark a prosodic grouping of words and its prosodic structure in an utterance. Among the five indices, the break index 3 and the break index 4 align with an accentual phrase boundary tone and an intonational phrase boundary tone, respectively, in the tone tier.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.197-200
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the prosodic characteristics of Korean news utterances. In this paper, prosodic phrases were described in terms of the K-ToBI labeling system. In addition, the change of intonation contour that occurs throughout the sentences was discussed in terms of types of media and gender. According to analyzing the tendency of resets, 331 out of 729 resets were observed at the boundary of the intonation phrases. This means that resets are of the speaker's own volition regardless of prosodic units of intonation phrases. The declination of the intonation contour of radio news showed a gentler slope than that of TV news, because when the sentence is getting longer, the declination of the intonation contour becomes slower.

• MALSORI
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• no.37
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• pp.73-85
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• 1999

The prosodic characteristics of Korean particles in read speech were examined in this paper based on K-ToBI labeling system in order to see whether they are prosodically weak form like functions words in English. Acoustic measurements and statistical analysis were done focusing on the distribution of particles over a variety of prosodic positions, prosodic positional effects on the phonetic realization of particles, and acoustic strength of particles compared to those of their surrounding syllables. The panicles were distributed rather equally over all 4 prosodic positions with the highest frequency at IP-medial/AP-final position and the lowest at IP-medial/AP-medial position except that topic marker 'Un/nUn' showed preference for IP-final/AP-final position. There was a significant prosodic positional effect on the duration and F0 of the particles. Duration was the longest at IP-final/AP-final position and interestingly, at IP-medial/AP-medial position while F0 was the highest at IP-final/AP-medial Position as expected. The comparison of the acoustic properties of the particles with those of neighbor syllables showed that duration was generally significantly longer and energy also showed larger values, if not significant, in particles suggesting that the particles in Korean are not prosodically weaker like function words in English.

• MALSORI
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• no.66
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• pp.21-39
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the intonational slope characteristics of the Korean news utterances. Prosodic phrases were analyzed in terms of the K-ToBI labeling system. In addition, the change of intonation contour that occurs throughout the sentences was discussed in terms of types of media and gender. Results showed that the overall declination of the intonation contour of radio and male revealed a gentler slope than that of TV and female, respectively. While the regression of the top line slope showed male's higher $R^2$ with the number of words, the base line slope of the radio and female was proved to be highly influenced from the number of syllables, words, and prosodic phrases. A lot more independent variables statistically affected to the base line slope. This means that the base line slope was strongly related to the variables, the top line slope, otherwise, could be more freely fluctuated due to the light correlation with them.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.317-320
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 초점 연구를 위해 통사-의미론적인 검증을 거친 질의-응답문 각각 120쌍을 녹취한 음성 자료를, K-ToBI를 이용하여 분절 표기(segmentation & labeling)한 것을 토대로 초점이 실제로 강세를 가지고 실현되는지, 강세를 가지고 실현되는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 그 액센트구는 어떤 유형인지, 그리고 초점이 나타나는 경우에 강세 외의 다른 운율적 특징이 나타나는지와 그러한 경우에 그 특징이 무엇인지 등의 문제를 중심으로 하여 국어 초점의 운율적 실현에 관하여 살펴 보았다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This paper investigated Korean prosody as it relates to graded internal structure in an identification function. Within Korean prosody, variants regarded as dialectal variations can appear as different prosodic scales, which contain the range of within-category variations. The current experiment was intended to show how the prosodic scale corresponding to the range of within-category differences relates to f0 contours for speakers of two Korean dialects, North Kyungsang and South Cholla. In an identification task, participants responded by selecting an item from two answer choices. The probability of choosing the correct response from the two choices was computed by a logistic regression analysis using intercepts and slopes. That is, the correct response between two choices was used to show a linear line with an s-shape presentation. In this paper, to investigate the graded internal structure of labeling, 25%, 50%, and 75% of predicted probability were assessed. Listeners from North Kyungsang showed progressive variations, whereas listeners from South Cholla revealed random patterns in the internal structure of the identification function. In this paper, the results were plotted using scatterplot graphs, applying the range of within-category variation and predicted probability obtained from the logistic regression analyses. The scatterplot graphs showed the different degree of the responses for f0 scales (i.e., variations within categories). The results demonstrate that the gradient structures of native pitch accent users become more progressive in response to f0 scales.

• MALSORI
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• no.63
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• pp.85-100
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• 2007

This paper aims to propose how to extract intonation patterns using Momel, a pitch stylization algorithm, and to present results of analyzing speech corpora in comparison with those in earlier researches. Two speech corpora are used: one is the sound files obtained from the K-ToBI web site, and the other consists of 80 passages pronounced by 4 speakers (2 male and 2 female). The results show that Momel provides significant pitch targets which can be labeled as H and L tones within prosodic units such as Accentual Phrase (AP) and Intonation Phrase (IP). The resulting AP patterns and IP boundary tone patterns correspond to those in earlier researches. Thus, this study will contribute to the study of intonation as well as to the development of automatic intonation labeling systems.