• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.386-392
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• 1991

Whole cells of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, the obligate methylotroph, were used to produce propylene oxide from propane. This strain has methane monooxygenase, which catalyzes the conversion methane to methanol and can catalyze also the conversion propane to propylene oxide. Optimal condition for the production of propylene oxide was investigated in resting-whole cell system. The optimal pH and temperature was 7.0 and $35^{\circ}C$ respectively. The end product, propylene oxide, didn't inhibit the production of propylene oxide and was not further metabolized in reaction mixture. The addition of methane metabolites (methanol, formaldehde and formic acid) to the reaction mixture stimulated formation of propylene oxide by $3{\sim}4$ times, and methanol was the most effective especially. Under the optimal conditions, the 14.2 mM of propylene oxide was produced after incubation of 60 min. and the conversion ratio of propane to propylene oxide was approximately 8%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

The physicochemical properties of the hydroxypropylated mung bean, sweet potato and water chestnut starches were studied. The blue value and amylose content of mung bean starch were higher than those of sweet potato and water chestnut. Pasting temperature of hydroxypropylated starches were lower than those of native starch and decreased with increasing contents of propylene oxide. Peak viscosity increased with the increase of degree of hydroxypropylation. With increasing contents of propylene oxide, the clarity and swelling power of all starches were increased and those of mung bean were higher. Mung bean starch produced better hard capsules than sweet potato and water chestnut starch. Hydroxypropylated (>6% propylene oxide) water chestnut starch-based capsules completely dissolved, but hydroxypropylated (>12% propylene oxide) mung bean and sweet potato starch-based capsules were dissolved within 10 min. These results showed that hydroxypropylated starch-based capsules have potentials for pharmaceutical applications as a substitute for gelatin hard capsules.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 1997

Physicochemical properties of potato starches with degree of substitution of 0-0.2645 hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide were examined. Hydorxypropyl group content of the starch was proportional to propylene oxide concentration. Water binding capacity increased but pH decreased with the increase of degree of substitution. Blue value and iodine absorption property decreased with the increase of hydroxypropylation. Differential scanning calorimeter showed that hydroxypropylation lowered the gelatinization temperature of the starch. Relative crystallinity in X-ray diffraction patterns decreased and starch granule observed by scanning electron microscopy was destroyed by hydroxypropylation. This result implied that high level hydroxypropylation affected the crystal region as well as amorphous region of starch.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1027-1031
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• 2011

In order to use carbon dioxide, one of the green house gases, terpolymers have been synthesized from propylene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, and carbon dioxide with zinc glutarate as catalyst. The polymers have been investigated with FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR, DSC. The glass transition temperatures of terpolymers are dependendent upon mass ratio of the poly(alkylene carbonate by Fox equation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2004

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay method was developed for the determination of propylene oxide adduct, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)valine. Adduct was released from hemoglobin by alkaline hydrolysis and extract at pH 8 with ethyl ether. The dried extract was completely derivatized with N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA)/TMS-I (100:3). The detection limits of the assay were 0.08 ng/g for N-(3-hydroxypropyl)valine based upon assayed hemoglobin of 0.1 g. The method was applied to the determination of propylene oxide adduct formed in young female Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment for 1, 2 and 3 weeks with 0.008 % propylene oxide via the drinking water. An adduct was detected by proposed procedure. The structure of the adduct could be assigned to N-(3-hydroxypropyl)valine.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.315-319
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• 1997

In this study, the optimum analytical conditions for determination of distribution of propylene oxide in a nonionic surfactant and separation of fatty alcohols were investigated by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. To analyse the distribution of propylene oxide (PO) and carbon chain length of a fatty alcohol, we derivatized samples for the purpose of using a UV detector. Also, we studied the influences of columns and mobile phase composition to obtain the optimum separation conditions. In our experiment, Waters Symmetry $C_8(3.9{\times}150mm)$ column was used. And the optimum condition were obtained by gradient elution with methanol and water as the mobile phase. In the plot of log k' vs composition of water in the binary phase, the linerality was very good. We ploted the calibration curve to conform the quality of fatty alcohol, a good linerality was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 1987

Esterifying conditions to produce propylene glycol alginate (PGA) with alginic acid and propylene oxide were determined, and physico-chemical properties of the PGA were also determined. The rate of esterification increased with the content of propylene oxide up to 4 mole. Alginic acid containing $30\%$ of water shelved maximum esterification, however, it was dificult to remove the surplus moisture in the alginic acid when it cotained the moisture above $70\%$. Maximum esterification was taken place when alginic acid with $44.15\%$ water was reacted with 4mole of propylene oxide at $70^{\circ}C$. The rate of esterification of alginic acid with $50.05\%$ of water increased up to 1 hour at $70^{\circ}C$, followed by no significant increase with reaction time. No significant decrease in the viscosity of $2-3\%$ PGA solution occurred, up to pH 3.0. Pseudoplastic characteristics were kept in case of $1\%,\;2\%\;3\%$ and $5\%$ of PGA solution in the pH of 1.0-5.0.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol was performed over binary and ternary metal oxide catalysts. The conversion of glycerol and selectivity to propylene glycol were increased on Cu/Zn and Cu/Cr mixed oxides compared to pure CuO and ZnO oxides. The addition of alumina into Cu/Zn mixed oxide very highly increased the conversion of glycerol and selectivity to propylene glycol. The conversion of glycerol was increased with increasing the reaction temperature but the selectivity to propylene glycol was shown to have maximum value at $200^{\circ}C$ and then decreased at $250^{\circ}C$. The conversion of glycerol and selectivity to propylene glycol were decreased with increasing the glycerol concentration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.665-668
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• 2008

Propylene epoxidation by $H_2O_2$ (30% aqueous) as oxidant was studied in a semi-batch reactor using Ti-MCM-22 catalyst: Effects of reaction temperature, pressure, catalyst loading, solvent, and $H_2O_2$ concentration on $H_2O_2$ conversion (limiting reagent) were investigated. Product inhibition by propylene oxide was confirmed. Ti-MCM-22 maintained virtually the same catalytic performance over the 5 repeated cycles.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2011

We synthesized low molecular-weight polymers bearing hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts in a chain through $CO_2$/propylene oxide copolymerization. When hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) bearing -OH group (s) at the end group (s) was added as a chain transfer agent in the $CO_2$/propylene oxide copolymerization catalyzed by a highly active catalyst, block polymers were formed. If poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) bearing -OH group only at an end was fed, PEG-block-PPC diblock copolymer was obtained. When PEG bearing -OH group at both ends was fed, PPC-block-PEG-block-PPC triblock copolymer was obtained. We confirmed formation of block copolymers by $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy and GPC studies.