• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.797-810
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• 2009

A study was made of the effects of a Sn addition on the microstructure and microfracture mechanism of squeeze cast AZ51-xSn magnesium alloys. Microstructural observation, in situ fracture testing, and fractographic observations were conducted on these alloys to clarify the microfracture process. The microstructural analyses indicated that $Mg_2Sn$ particles as well as $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ particles precipitated mainly along the solidification cell boundaries; the volume fraction of these hard particles increased as the amount of added Sn increased, with increased the strength. From in situ fracture observations of the AZ51-7Sn alloy, coarse precipitates located on the cell boundaries worked as easy crack propagation sites and caused abrupt intercellular fracturing. On the other hand, the overall fracture properties of the AZ51-3Sn alloy improved because crack propagation proceeded into the Mg matrix rather than into the cell boundaries as twins developed actively, as confirmed by an R-curve analysis. These findings suggest that the addition of 3~5 wt.% Sn is effective in improving both the tensile and fracture properties on the basis of well-developed twins, the blocking of crack propagation, and crack blunting.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.395-407
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• 2022

In this paper, cracks with different angles are prefabricated in rock specimens to study the fracture characteristics of rock based on CT images. The rock specimens are prepared for compression tests according to the standard recommended by ISRM (International Society for Rock Mechanics). The effects of different angles on rock mechanical properties and crack propagation fracture modes are analyzed. Then, based on the cohesive element method and CT images, the relationship between porosity and Young's modulus as well as the fracture property is explored by the numerical modelling. In the modelling, the distribution of Young's modulus is determined by the CT image through the field variable method. The results show that prefabricated cracks reduce the mechanical properties of rock. The closer the angles of the prefabricated crack is, the greater the Young's modulus of the rock sample is. The failure process of each specimen with prefabricated cracks is formed by the initiation and propagation of crack, and the angle of the prefabricated crack will affect the type of extended crack. As part of the numerical model proposed in this paper, the microstructure of rocks is reflected by CT images. The numerical results verify the effectiveness of the cohesive element method in the study of crack propagation for rock. The rock model in this paper can be used to predict engineering disasters such as collapse and landslide caused by rock fracture, which means that the methodology adopted in this paper is comprehensive and important to solve rock engineering problems.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2004

향후 우리나라의 화성 근접 탐사 임무를 대비한 우주선의 궤도전파 소프트웨어의 개발 및 검증을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 화성 주위를 비행하는 우주선의 동력학 모델에 대한 연구가 선행 되었으며, 탐사우주선의 모든 위치 정보는 화성 중심 좌표계를 사용하여 나타내었다. 정밀한 탐사 우주선의 위치 계산을 위하여 화성의 세차 및 장동 운동에 의한 영향도 고려하였다. 화성의 작용권구 안으로 진입한 탐사 우주선은 화성 주위에서의 다양한 섭동에 의한 영향을 받게 되는데 본 연구에서는 정밀한 동력한 모델의 계산을 위해 가능한 모든 섭동들을 고려하였다. 특히 화성의 비대칭 중력장에 의한 영향을 계산하기 위해 Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL)의 Mars50c 모델을 적용하였고 화성 대기 항력에 의한 영향의 경우 Mars-GRAM 2001 모델을 사용하여 계산하였다. 태양을 비롯한 다른 행성의 위치를 계산하기 위해서 JPL의 DE405 정밀 천체력을 이용하였고 화성 위성들(포보스와 다이모스)의 천체력 계산은 해석적인 방법으로 하였다. 개발 소프트웨어의 성능 검증을 위하여 Mars Global Surveyor의 화성 지도 작성을 위한 초기 궤도 요소를 사용하였으며, Satellite Tool Kit(STK)의 Astrogator모듈을 이용하여 산출된 결과와 본 논문에서 개발한 소프트웨어의 결과 값과 비교 하였다. 비교 결과 우주선의 모든 위치성분(반경방향, 궤도 진행방향 그리고 진행수직방향)은 화성 근접 탐사 우주선이 화성 주위를 12번 공전(약 1화성일)하는 동안 최대 ${\pm}5m$ 이내의 오차를 보여 주었다. 이는 본 연구를 통해서 개발된 소프트웨어의 성능에 대한 신뢰도가 매우 높다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 개발된 알고리즘과 소프트웨어는 향후 우리나라의 화성 근접 탐사를 위한 우주선의 임무 설계시 활용 될 수 있다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2000

SSC(Spot-size converter)가 집적된 1$1.3\mu{m}$ FP(Fabry-Perot)-LD(Laser Diode)에서 SSC 영역의 광도파로 구조가 단일모드광섬유와의 광결합 효율 및 정렬오차에 미치는 영향에 대해서 3차원 BPM(Beam Propagation Method)를 사용하여 알아보았다. 수지 taper의 경우 광결합효율을 향상하기 위해서는 taper 끝단에 충분한 길이의 직선도파로를 형성하는 것이 중요함을 알수 있었다. 또한 수평 taper 구조에서는 출사단 방향으로 도파로폭이 좁아지는 경우가 넓어지는 경우에 비해 유리하고, 수직 taper에 비해 완만한 도파로 경사가 필요함을 알 수있었다. 단일모드 광섬유와의 광결합 손실 및 정렬오차 허용도의 관점에서 좋은 특성을 주는 SSC 도파로 모양을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.969-975
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• 2002

Visual effects are important cues for providing occupants with virtual reality in a vehicle simulator which imitates real driving. The viewpoint of an occupant is sensitively dependent upon the occupant's posture, therefore, the total human body motion must be considered in a graphic simulator. A real-time simulation is required for the dynamic analysis of complex human body motion. This study attempts to apply a neural network to the motion analysis in various driving situations. A full car of medium-sized vehicles was selected and modeled, and then analyzed using ADAMS in such driving conditions as bump-pass and lane-change for acquiring the accelerations of chassis of the vehicle model. A hybrid III 50%ile adult male dummy model was selected and modeled in an ellipsoid model. Multibody system analysis software, MADYMO, was used in the motion analysis of an occupant model in the seated position under the acceleration field of the vehicle model. Acceleration data of the head were collected as inputs to the viewpoint movement. Based on these data, a back-propagation neural network was composed to perform the real-time analysis of occupant motions under specified driving conditions and validated output of the composed neural network with MADYMO result in arbitrary driving scenario.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2013

The wave propagation characteristics of an acoustic metamaterial composed of periodically repeated one-dimensional Helmholtz resonator array was investigated considering the effects of dimensional changes of the resonator geometry on the transmission coefficient and band gap. The effective impedance and transmission coefficient of the acoustic metamaterials are obtained based on the acoustic transmission line method. The designed acoustic metamaterials exhibit band gaps and negative bulk modulus that are non-existent properties in the nature. The band gap of the acoustic metamaterial is strongly dependent on the geometry parameters of Helmholtz resonators and lattice spacing. Also, a new type of metamaterial that is periodically constructed with two different resonators was designed to open the local resonance band gap without change of Bragg scattering.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2003

A triple flame in a mixing layer was studied experimentally with concentration gradient and mean velocity by using a multi-slot burner, which can stabilize the lift-off flame. Flame stabilization condition, lift-off heights, and some other characteristics were examined for methane and propane flame within a range of very low concentration gradient. Pitot-tube and LDV(Laser Doppler Velocimetry) were used for velocity. Mass spectroscopy and Rayleigh scattering signal were used for concentration gradients. Thermo-couples and SiC TFP(Thin Filament Pyrometer) were used for temperature. It was found that minimum values of the lift-off heights exist at a certain concentration gradient for constant mean velocity and this means that the propagation velocity has a maximum value. The scales of flame to the burner nozzle and intensity variation of the diffusion flame were suspected as the cause.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.2315-2325
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• 1996

A compression wave is attenuated or distorted as it propagates in a tube. The present study investigated the propagation characteristics of the compression waves which are generated by a train in a high-speed railway tunnel. A Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) difference scheme was applied to one-dimensional, unsteady viscous compressible flow. The numerical calculation involved the effects of wall friction, heat transfer and energy loss due to the friction heat in the boundary layer behind the propagating compression wave, and compared with the measurement results of a shock tube and a real tunnel. The present results show that attenuation of the compression wave in turbulent boundary layer is stronger than in laminar boundary layer, but nonlinear effect of the compression wave is greater in the laminar boundary layer. The energy loss due to the frictional heat had not influence on attenuation and distortion of the propagating compression waves.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

This study was to investigate the effects of stress ratio and anisotropy on Fatigue Crack Propagation(FCP) behavior of rolled magnesium alloy AZ31B. The experimental materials were a Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloy. The FCP test was conducted on compact tension specimen by a servo-hydraulic fatigue testing machine in air at room temperature. Compact tension specimens were prepared from the extruded parallel and vertical rolling direction. The test condition was frequency of 10Hz and sinusoidal load stress ratios are 0.1 and 0.7. The FCP rates was automatically measured by a compliance method. In the case of the FCP of AZ31B, the FCP of both direction of LT and TL by anisotropy of specimens are almost same value. In lower stress ratio, the FCP of the LT, TL specimens are increased in lower ${\Delta}K$ region but higher ${\Delta}K$ regions are almost same value. Finally, the result of observed the surface crack, it expressed the quasi-cleavage fracture in lower ${\Delta}K$ region and straight mark on the aspect of the facet in high ${\Delta}K$ region.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.285-288
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• 2004

꾸지뽕나무의 대량번식을 위한 상토와 생장조절제 처리에 따른 삽목 번식에 관한 시험을 수행한 바, 삽목상토는 미풍화토에서 양호하여 숙지삽과 녹지삽에서 각각 56.9%, 62.3%의 발근율을 보였고, 생장조절제는 IBA 100 ppm처리에서 발근이 양호하여 숙지삽에서 57.9%, 녹지삽에서는 89.2%의 발근율을 보였다.