• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2011

Spermatozoa sorted by flow cytometry have been successfully used to produce offspring in domestic animals and are commercially available for cattle. Also sheath fluid is the important environment for viability of sex-sorted sperm in flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-Ethanesulfonic acid) has any effect on the viability in sex-sorted Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) sperm. In this study, the semen was collected from Hanwoo of Hoengseong Livestock Cooperation by artificial vagina method then pooled and subjected to cryopreservation in straws. Sperm were cultured for 0, 30, 60 and 120 min with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM of HEPES added to the sheath fluid and incubated at 4, 20 and 38$^{\circ}C$, respectively. For the cytometric analysis the frozen-thawed semen was extended with 5 mM HEPES extender to final concentration ($2{\times}10^7$ spermatozoa) at 4, 20 and 37$^{\circ}C$. Sperm viability was assessed with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) staining. This study shows that the viability of sperm was decreased with prolongation of incubation time in all of test. But the viability of sperm which were treated with 38$^{\circ}C$ was gently decreased than that of treated with other temperature. The viability of the control was sharply decreased (p<0.05) than all of the HEPES treatment group at 60 to 120 min in 38$^{\circ}C$. X-sexed sperm was more sensitive than Y-sexed sperm to temperature during f10w cytometry (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the sheath fluid with 5 mM HEPES has effect on maintenance of viability after sperm sexing at 37$^{\circ}C$ in Hanwoo.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2004

Neutral salt-soluble, hot water-soluble and methanol-soluble materials (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from sclerotium of Grifola umbellata. The Fr. NaCl and Fr. HW did not show any direct cytotoxicity against NIH3T3, Sarcoma 180 and MCF-7, but Fr. MeOH showed cytotoxicity against these cell lines at the concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl showed antitumor effect with life prolongation of 66.7% and decrease the number of Sarcoma 180 cells of 54.2% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity through alternative complement pathway and the alkaline phosphatase activity by $85.05{\sim}88.73%$ and 6 folds, respectively. The number of peritoneal exudate cells and the circulating leucocytes were increased by 1.7 and 3.6 folds in the Fr. NaCl treating group compared with the control group, respectively. The weight of immunoorgans such as liver, spleen and thymus were also gradually increased. The hematological analysis of the Fr. NaCl group was similar with that of the control group. The total polysaccharide and protein contents of Fr. NaCl were 98.25% and 1.44%, respectively. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of Fr. NaCl was exerted through immunopotentiation, but not through cytotoxicity against the tumor cells.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1996

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a disease whose primary initial treatment is radiation. Results of radiation therapy in early stage disease is promising; however, in stage IV disease, the best reported five-year survival is only about 30%. In patients with post-radiation recurrent disease, radiation controls only a small portion of patients, as well as being associated with significant radiation injury. In this paper we discuss the use of salvage treatment modalities for post-radiation recurrence. A retrospective chart review and analysis of salvage treatment results were performed for 39 patients with recurrent post-radiation NPC and positive cervical lymph nodes during the period beginning 1985 until 1995. Mean age of these patients was 52.3$\pm$10.37 years and male: female ratio was 1.8 : 1. Twenty patients were treated with salvage treatment, and ten patients were treated by salvage chemotherapy. A total of nine patients underwent surgical salvage treatment, including neck dissection(6), transnasal laser surgery and booster radiotherapy(2), and primary surgery(1). Salvage treatment were effective in reducing patients' pain in twenty patients (51.3%) and prolonging life in nine patients(23.1%); however, recurrence of disease within six months and/or residual disease by clinical or radiologic exam was noted in all patients receiving salvage radiotherapy, chemotherapy, laser surgery with radiotherapy, and primary site surgery. In the group undergoing salvage neck dissection, three patients(50%) were disease free for at least two years. Of the different modalities, radiotherapy was associated with the best quality of life while catastrophic salvage surgery resulting in insignificant prolongation of life was associated with the poorest quality of life. We conclude that salvage surgery is the optimal choice of treatment for regional recurrence such as nodal failure, however palliative salvage therapy could be preferred in other cases with recurrent post-radiation NPC.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

Objective : This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of Persicae Semen(PS) and Caesalpiniae Lignum(CL) on the intravascular coagulation which is considered as thrombosis. Methods : Rats were pretreated orally with PS and CL extracts(PS: 8.45mg/100g, CL: 4.4mg/100g), and 1 hour later, to induce thrombosis, were given an endotoxin(0.01mg/100g) injection into the caudal vein. After 4hours we collected blood by cardiac puncture and measured the platelet count, the prothrombin time, the level of fibrinogen and the FDP(fibrinogen degradation product). Results : PS and CL supressed the decrease of the Platelet count and the prolongation of prothrombin time. In these factors, both groups showed significant effect. Both groups supressed the decrease of the fibrinogen level and the increase of the FDP level. But, only the PS group showed a significant effect on the fibrinogen level, and only the Cle CL group showed a significant effect on FDP level. Conclusions : PS had significant effects on the platelet count, the prothrombin time, and the FDP level. CL had significant effects on the platelet count, the prothrombin time, and the fibrinogen level. Therefore, PerSicae Semen and Caesalpiniae Lignum seem to be applicable to treating the diseases related to thrombosis.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2008

Tremella aurantialba, one of edible and medicinal mushrooms belonging to Tremellaceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to have outstanding curing effects on coughing, tracheitis and hypertension of humans and antitumor activity on the sarcoma 180 and Erhrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that all crude polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting body were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as RAW 309 CR.1 and Sarcoma 180 at the concentration of $2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $11.1{\sim}66.7%$ in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. MeOH improved the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.16 folds at the concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$. In case of Fr. HW, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 1.42 and 2.87 folds, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2008

Russula rosacea, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belonging Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to have good inhibitory effects on sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2, HT-29 and NIH3T3 at the concentration of $10{\sim}2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $21.4{\sim}45%$ in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. HW improved the immuno-potentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by 6.8 fold compared with control at the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$. In case of Fr. NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 6 and 2.6 folds at the concentration of 50 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the antitumor effect against mice Sarcoma 180 by Russula rosacea could be due to immunomodulating activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Lentinus giganteus, one of edible and medicinal mushroom belongs to Pleurotaceae of Agaricales, has been known to contain some inhibitive substances on Sarcoma 180 and curative effect on high blood pressure. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180 and HepG2 at the concentration of $10{\sim}2,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, but crude polysaccharides from Fr. NaCl was toxic to NIH3T3 at the concentration of $10{\sim}2,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides showed life prolongation effect of $14.3{\sim}67.5%$ in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180, respectively. Fr. NaCl exhibited the immuno-potentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.53{\sim}1.68$ folds compared with control at the concentration of $50{\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 7.7 and 1.6 folds by injecting Fr. NaCl and Fr. MeOH into the mice at the concentration of 50 mg/ml body weight, respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.6 s.181
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• pp.653-662
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• 2006

Quartz veins from the Jukwangri area of Hwawon-myeon are epithermal quartz veins that are filling the NW or NE-trending faults within Precambrian metasedimentary rocks. Based on their prolongation and ore grades, No. 1 quartz vein can be traced for about 200 m and varies 0.1 to 3 m in thickness. Mineralization of No. 1 quartz vein can be divided into hypogene and supergene stages. Hypogene stage is associated with hydrothermal alteration minerals(phyllic and argillic zones) such as illite, sericite and sulfides such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite. chalcopyrite, galena, argentian tetrahedrite. Supergene stage is composed of Fe-Mn oxide, Zn-Fe oxide and Pb oxide. Fluid inclusion data indicate that homogenization temperature and salinity of hypogene stage range from 187 to $306^{\circ}C$ and ken 0.0 to 6.2 wt.% eq. NaCl, respectively. They suggest that ore forming fluids were progressively cooled and diluted from mixing with meteoric water. Oxygen($-4.1{\sim}4.1%o$) and hydrogen($-107{\sim}-88%o$) isotope com-positions indicated that hydrothermal fluids were derived from meteoric and evolved by progressive mixing with meteoric water during mineralization.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

The cardiovascular angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity, fibrinolytic activity and bbb-secretase inhibitory activity of four kinds of red wine were investigated during fermentation and post-fermentation. After 10 days of fermentation, the antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of all the red wines ranged from 38.6% to 58.8%. However, the ACE inhibitory activities increased with the prolongation of the post-fermentation period; moreover, in the Vitis hybrid red wine, the ACE inhibitory activity reached its highest value, 76.9%, after 120 days of post-fermentation. During the fermentation and post-fermentation of all the red wines, fibrinolytic activity was weak or not detected. After 10 days of fermentation, Vitis labrusca B red wine exhibited the greatest antidementia $\beta$-secretase inhibitory activity of 54.8%, though $\beta$-secretase inhibitory activity decreased significantly to less than 10% during 120 days of post-fermentation. In conclusion, we obtained a highly valuable Vitis hybrid red wine that was fermented for 10 days at $25^{\circ}C$ with Vitis hybrid and S. cerevisiae K-7 and then post-fermentation for 120 days at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.536-540
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to develop a method to prolong the freshness and maintain the quality of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The rate of weight loss increased with storage time for all samples, but the rates were lower in the 1-MCP treated samples than in the control samples. The hardness of muskmelons treated with 1-MCP differed significantly from that of the controls. The soluble solid contents in the control were highest on day 4 at 15.1%, and evidenced a decreasing trend as the storage period elapsed. Conversely, the soluble solid contents of the 1-MCP-treated samples remained steady at 14% until day 16. The acidity of 1-MCP-treated samples was higher than that of the control over 10 days of storage. The respiration rate of the 1-MCP-treated samples increased less and was lower than that of the controls. Based on the results of our sensory evaluation, muskmelon treated with 1-MCP gas remained fresh for more than 25 days, whereas the control samples remained fresh for only 13 days.