• 의학교육논단
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Few studies have examined burnout among the faculty of medical schools in the Republic of Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the level of burnout and its associated factors among the faculty members of three medical schools in the Busan-Gyeongnam area, and to summarise the available literature on burnout. We conducted the survey using a validated questionnaire that incorporated the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) as well as questions about demographic characteristics, working experience, health, lifestyle, most time spent and most difficult work, and suicidal ideation and job quitting ideation of the survey participants. MBI-HSS scores were analysed in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (De), and personal accomplishment (PA). Through the survey, the 186 professors, 49% among the total, provided data which were included in the present analysis. More than thirty per cent (37.1%) of the professors reported at least 1 symptom of burnout. For burnout dimensions, 11.8% of the respondents scored high for EE burnout, 25.3% for De, and 14.5% for PA, with 1.6% scoring high on all three dimensions of burnout. High burnout was found to be strongly associated with several of the variables under study, especially hours worked per week, self-rated health, career (range, 4 to 9 years), and age (range, 50 to 59 years). The EE score was highest for the professors who chose 'patient care' as the most difficult type of work. This study showed that just over one-third of professors have at least 1 symptom of burnout and working more hours per week, short length of work (years), and especially suicidal ideation seem to be associated with the burnout of medical school faculty members in the Busan-Gyeongnam area. In summary, a greater risk of burnout of physicians (including medical professors) seems to be associated with specialties at the front line of care, working more hours per week, work-life imbalance, low self-efficacy, depression, and conflicts with colleagues and patients.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2007

Considering the characteristics of the Korean family which maintain a close connection with their patients from the moment of their falling sick to hospitalization to discharge, the family is the most important environmental factor of the social supporting system, and is the important object of the client as well as activity system. The medical social work intends to meet the practical needs of aged chronic patients, providing them and their family with a professional human service. The end of this study is to find out the hardships of both the aged chronic patients and their family as well as their needs for the social welfare service, and to search out the way of comprehensive social work service. The summary of the analysis of the survey is as follows: 1. The needs of aged chronic patients are divided into those of the solution of the problems of falling ill, social welfare program and discharge. Those needs arc affected by the various factors of the types of hospitals, the patients' age, the kinds of insurance, and the supporting systems, etc. Accordingly, the assessment of the needs of the patients are asked to be done comprehensively in accordance with the kinds of diseases and social environments. 2. The importance of the family to the aged chronic patients is evident. The family plays a decisive role in the patients' hospitalization and discharge, the family being an important supporting system and making it necessary to take an approach to client system. The family has difficulty in getting connection of community resources, in adapting to social life after the patient's discharge, and in paying the treatment. The family suffers the secondary hardships more than the burden of the treatment expenses. 3. For this reason various interventions are needed to reduce the stress caused by supporting and nursing patients. Thus the social welfare service for the aged chronic patients and their family needs the following prepositions: 1. It is the characteristics of the aged chronic patients that they need continuous care and that the strengths of the patients and their family cannot be too much emphasized, and that comprehensive assessment based on the connection 'with the community and the mutual interchange 'with the environment, is much emphasized. 2. The family of the aged chronic patient is a resources system as well as a client one. 3. Another characteristic of the aged chronic patients is that with the resources connection in mind, it needs an active intervention of social workers in the community. With these prepositions considered, the development of practical social work service for the aged chronic patients is thought urgently needed.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.153-184
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• 2018

본 연구는 공공도서관 사서의 감정노동수준이 직무만족 및 도서관정보서비스 제공수준에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 것이다. 감정노동수준을 독립변수로, 직무만족과 도서관정보서비스 제공수준을 종속변수로, 조직문화를 조절변수로 설정하였다. 서울시 공공도서관 사서 220명을 무작위로 선정하여 인터넷으로 설문지를 배포하여 수거하였고, SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 활용하여 신뢰도 분석, 상관계수분석, 다중회귀분석, 조절회귀분석을 실시하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 공공도서관 사서는 이용자에게 자신의 감정을 표현하는 것을 좋아하지 않고, 실제 감정과는 다르게 더 긍정적으로 표현하고자 함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 사서들은 감정노동을 경험하지만, 업무를 수행하는 데 있어 오히려 성취감을 느끼고, 하고 있는 일에 대해 자랑스럽고 기쁘게 생각하게 된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 자신이 하는 일이 전문적인 일이라는 인식이 강하므로, 감정노동을 경험해도 그것을 극복해야 하며, 그렇게 함으로써 직무에 대한 긍지를 가질 수 있다. 셋째, 사서들은 감정노동을 경험하게 되더라도, 합리적인 직무평가가 목표를 가지고 실시되고, 직원들 간의 관계가 좋다면 업무에 있어 성취감을 높일 수 있다. 또한 직원의 평가가 실적위주이더라도, 사서들은 이용자가 그들의 서비스에 만족하고, 그 서비스 수준이 적절하다면, 봉사 정신을 높일 수 있다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.327-355
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 직접실천기관에서 실습을 이수한 재학생을 대상으로 실습지도 실태 및 실천수행능력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하였다. 조사결과, 첫째, 수퍼비전 정도는 4점 척도에서 평균 2.6(표준편차 .5), 실천수행능력은 11점 척도에서 평균 56.7(표준편차 1.7)점으로 나타나, 모두 거의 중간수준으로 응답했으며, 수퍼비전 요인 가운데 이론과 실천의 통합에 대한 지도와 지지적인 사적 관계 형성 요인이, 그리고 실천수행능력 요인 가운데 개입기술 능력과 사례관리 능력 요인이 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 수퍼비전과 실천수행능력의 요인들간의 상관관계는 모두 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 실천수행능력은 수퍼비전 요인 가운데서도 이론과 실천의 통합에 대한 지도가 많을수록, 기관 업무에 대한 지도가 많을수록, 학습계약에 대한 논의를 많이 하고 수퍼비전 시간이 많을수록 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이외에 실습생이 여성일 경우, 그리고 수퍼바이저의 수퍼바이저로서의 경력이 적을수록 실천수행능력이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 대학과 기관에서 협력하여 실습지도를 효과적으로 운영하기 위한 제언을 하였다. 또한 궁극적으로 사회복지 교육의 효과성을 제고하기 위한 연구 및 노력의 필요성을 제기하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2007

Relative value scales introduced in 2001 remarkably improved health insurance fee schedule, but current relative value scales have many problems. In the beginning the government intended to introduce 'resource based relative value scales(RBRVSs)' like USA, but political adjustment of RBRVS studied in 19.17 weakened the relationship between relative value scale and resource consumption. So unbalance of health insurance fees are existing till now. Also relative value was not divided to physician work and practice expense, and malpractice fee was not divided separately. To correct the unbalance of current relative value scales, the refinement project of health insurance relative value scales started in 2003. The project team divided relative value scales into three components, which are physician work, practice expense, malpractice fee. Physician work was studied by professional organizations like Korean medical association. To develop the practice expense relative value, project team organized clinical practice expert panels(CPEPs) composed of physicians, nurses, and medical technicians. CPEPs constructed direct expense data like labor costs, material costs, equipment costs about each medical procedures. The practice expense relative values of medical procedures were developed by the allocation of the institution level direct & indirect costs according to CPEPs direct costs. Institution level direct & indirect costs were collected in 21 hospitals, 98 medical clinics, 53 dental clinics, 78 oriental clinics, and 46 pharmacies. The malpractice fee relative values were developed through the survey of malpractice related costs of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies. Putting together three components of relative values in one scale, the final relative values were made. The final relative values were calculated under budget neutrality by medical departments, that is, total relative value score of a department was same before and after the revision. but malpractice fee relative value scores were added to total scores of relative values. So total score of a department was increased by the malpractice fee relative value score of that department This project failed in making 'resource based' relative value scales in the true sense of the word, because the total relative value scores of medical departments were fixed. However the project team constructed the objective basis of relative value scale like physician's work, direct practice expense, malpractice fee. So step by step making process of the basis, the fixation of total scores by the departments will be resolved and the resource based relative value scale will be introduced in true sense.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.322-335
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• 2019

Objectives: The goal of this study is to standardize industry, process, and job within work environment measurement information. Methods: We selected 180 work environment measurement reports on 30 industries from a database monitored from 2014 to 2016 by the Korea Industrial Health Association. Ten industrial hygienists, each with over five years of experience in measurement, conducted a primary standardization of 180 reports. Two professional industrial hygienists with more than 20 years of experience each reviewed and revised the results of the primary standardization. We also examined the validity on the usefulness of the standardized database by the two industrial hygienists. Results: The final standardization results were classified into eight major categories, 23 sub-major categories, 39 minor categories, 53 unit categories and 70 sub-unit categories in the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) 10th revision. A total of 161 processes were standardized, and there were 148 processes with K2B codes. Standard job was coded into 13 job groups including operator, automobile maintenance, nurse, maintenance, manager, excavating machine operator, forklift driver, radiologist, clinical pathologist, signer, researcher, kitchen assistant, and concrete reinforcement ironworker. Conclusions: Although the standardized information in this study may be only a part of the total information, it can be useful for improvement of the K2B system. Additional research is needed for an ongoing clean-up of data in the K2B and re-calibration and reclassification of standard processes until the future national exposure monitoring system is fully established.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2024

본 연구는 일·가족 양립 정책 중 출산 및 육아 지원 제도의 활용 정도, 그리고 제도의 이용 여부와 양육 스트레스 양상을 알아보고자 남녀를 대상으로 다양한 직업군을 포함하여 실시되었다. 이를 위해 사용된 『한국아동패널』 13차(2020년) 자료는 기술 통계, 교차 분석, One-way ANOVA와 Duncan의 사후 검증으로 분석되었다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 남녀 모두 관련 제도 중 '유연근무제'를 이용한 비율이 가장 높았고, 직업군별로는 두 집단 모두 '전문가 및 관련 종사자'에서 '유연근무제'를 제일 많이 선택하였다. 관련 제도 이용 여부와 양육 스트레스는 응답자 모두 평균 이상의 양육 스트레스를 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 남성은 '유연근무제' 이용자, '가족돌봄휴직' 이용자 순으로 높았으며, 직업군별 양육 스트레스 정도는 '군인'이 가장 낮았다. 여성의 경우, '육아휴직' 이용자의 양육 스트레스가 가장 높았고 그 다음은 '육아기근로단축시간' 이용자였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 일·가족 양립 정책 활성화에 관한 함의를 논하였으며 사회적, 개인적 측면에서 제언을 하였다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to be of use for getting rid of job stress from dental technicians, by examining how much they were stressed out at work place as one of the professional medical personnels. The subjects in this study were 255 selected dental technicians who were working in the region of Taegu. The one-on-one interview was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2001, with structured questionnaire. The questionnaire sued in this study included 19 question items about the general characteristics and 29 items regarding job stress. The job stress was categorized into seven subareas based on earlier studies and considering the job situations of dental technicians: heavy workload, job conflicts, improper treatment, role and job knowledge, human relations, physical environment and personal matters. The job stress extent was measured on five-point Likert scale that is widely used in social science: one point for no stress, two for little stress, three for so-so, four for a little stress, and five for severe stress. Therefore, a higher point means a severer job stress. The reliability of the questionnaire turned out very good with Cronbach a = 0.9272. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The general characteristics of the dental technicians investigated could be described as below: (1) By gender, 80.4% of the dental technicians were male, and 50.2%, the largest percentage, were in their 20s, followed by those in their 30s, those in their 40s, and those in their 50s in the order named. (2) The most common work place was dental technician shop(92.5%), followed by dental technology room in dental hospital or clinic and in general hospital in the order named. The primary duties were coating materials work(30.6%), followed by sculpture, grinding, partial and full denture and orthodontics in the order named. 2. The most larges (1) The most largest motivation to be a dental technician was its being a professional(33.7%), followed by the advice from others, their own aptitude, and good economic treatment in the order named. 3. Their job stress could be explained as below: (1) Their collective job stress average was 3.96$^{\circ}{\ae}$0.50 on the basis of 5 point, which showed that they were exposed to a fairly severe job stress. (2) By area, they were most stressed out from heavy workload (4.12), and they also were severely stressed from role and job knowledge(4.02) and personal matters(4.00). (3) By situation, they were most stressed when the disagreement of prosthesis that results from a specific error is unconditionally attributed to them(4.43). And they were also stressed a lot when their workload increases due to the rework(4.38), when a dentist asks something difficult for them to resolve(4.20), when heavy workload makes their working hours irregular and it's impossible to lead a personal life or have leisure time(4.16), and when they are o work for an excessively short time(4.16). This fact indicated that most of the dental technicians were exposed to a lot of stress in conjunction with job performance. 4. The main duties they took charge of didn't make any significant difference to their job stress, but yielded a significant difference to the extent of job stress in individual areas and the order of the most stressful one. Those who were engaged in grinding were most stressed from their own matters, whereas heavy workload was most stressful for those who were engaged in the other types of works. 5. As a result of seeing if their personal characteristics yielded any differences to job stress, the personal characteristics that made their job stress vary significantly were working hours, motivation of being a dental technician, job satisfaction and willingness to continue doing dental technology works. There was a tendency that longer working hours led to severer job stress, and those who chose to be a dental technician according to their own aptitude were less stressed than the others who became a dental technician because of economic reason or advices from others. And the people who were satisfied with their job were exposed to less job stress than the others who weren't, and those who had an intention to keep that job as much as possible were less stressed, compared to the others who hadn't.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

본 연구는 치위생과 졸업예정자들의 직업의식 및 취업가치관에 관련된 현황을 조사함으로써 학생들의 진로, 취업준비에 관한 이해를 도울 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 대학이나 기관에서 보다 효과적인 진로지도 및 취업지도를 실시하기 위한 정보로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 직업의식으로는 전문직종에 관한 질문에는 '구강보건향상의 일익을 담당하는 직업이다', 학술관련으로는 '치석제거는 치과의사보다 더 잘해야 한다고 생각한다'가 가장 높게 나타났고, 대인관계 부분에서는 '동료와의 화목은 업무효율성과 밀접한 관계가 있다', 근로윤리에서는 '치과병(의)원 발전과 치과위생사 발전은 관련성이 있다고 생각한다.'가 높게 나왔다. 취업가치관으로 치과위생사의 직업전망은 조금 발전적이다 55.2%, 지금과 차이가 없을 것이다 27.4% 순으로 나타났으며, 취업희망기관으로는 치과병원 43.2%, 치과의원 24.3% 순으로 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업을 원하는 경우 90.5%, 아직 고민 중으로 답한 경우 9.5%이고, 전공분야로 취업을 원하는 이유로는 보수와 근로환경이 좋다고 생각한다. 24.0%, 치과위생사의 장래성이 밝기 때문 22.1% 순으로 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업을 고민 하는 이유로는 적성과 흥미에 맞지 않아서 5.4%, 보수와 근로환경이 열악해서 1.9% 순으로 나타났다. 연구대상자의 전공만족도가 높을수록 직업의식 부분에서 전문직종의식과 근로윤리의식에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 직업의식의 영역간 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계(p<0.01)로 나타나 네 가지 유형 중 어느 한 가지의 특성이 높으면 다른 특성들도 모두 높으며, 전반적인 직업의식 또한 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결과에 따라 전공시간에 전문직 태도 및 직무를 효율적으로 수행하여야 하며 확대된 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 좀 더 적극적이고 긍정적인 마음가짐이 필요하다는 것이 습득되었고, 자신의 업무는 사회적으로 중요한 역할이라는 인식이 고취될 수 있는 교육과정이 필요하며, 인문학적 소양을 키울 수 있는 교육과정 등이 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-92
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to offer foundation making more certain standards of musculoskeletal disorder diagnosis, We researched musculoskeletal symptoms degrees, frequencies, and cares and then examined relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions using moire topography among workers at an automobile manufacturing plant. Therefore we propose the possibility of moire topography as diagnosing utilities of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study was to examine the general characteristics, complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms, and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates of cervicobrachial and lumbar area by survey among 435 workers at an automobile manufacturing plant and then to show each frequency and percentage, In the diagnosis using moire topography, we studied pain control necessity of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, 435 subjects were classified by 5 levels: A(no symptoms), B(need management), C(need treatment) and then more divided by B1(light symptoms)/B2(heavy symptoms), C1(light symptoms)/C2(heavy symptoms), And musculoskeletal areas were divided by 2 parts, cervicobrachial area(neck, shoulder, arm&elbow, and wrist&hand) and lumbar area, Then, frequency and percentage of each musculoskeletal areas(cervicobrachial and lumbar area) were appeared. At last, Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to observe the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and general characteristics and the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and work-related complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, Results: The subjects employed for this research were categorized into; by gender, all of them were males(l00%): by age, under 35 years 12 %, 36-40 years 56.3%, 41-45 years 26.3 %, and above 46 years 5.3% with 36-40 years accounting for most of it. By living location, owned houses represented 69.7%, rented houses 23.4%, monthly-rented 1.6%, the others 5.3%; by education, middle school and lower represented 3.0%, high school 89.4%, and junior college and higher 7.6% with high school occupying most of the group. By marital status, married represented 95.2%, unmarried 4.1%, and the others 0.7% with most of them married; by alcohol, drinking represented 81.8% and non-drinking 18.2%; by smoking status, smoking represented 53.6%, non-smoking 46.4% with no big difference between them. By working time(hours/week), below 50 represented 26.9%, 50-60 67.6%, above 60 5.5%; by working time(hours/day), below 9 represented 21.6%, 10-12 73.1%, above 13 5.3%; by job tenure(years), below 10 represented 25.1%, 11-15 54.3%, 16-20 15.2%, above 21 5.5%. By personal income per year, below 30 million won represented 11.0%, 30-40 84.8%, above 40 4.1%; by sleeping hours, below 6 hours represented 26.7%, 7-8 hours 69.9%, above 9 hours 3.4%. Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates were 63.9% and 54.9% with shoulder area occupying most of both them. By pain degree of musculoskeletal symptoms, shoulder area represented $2.73{\pm}0.84$, lumbar area $2.66{\pm}0.86$, wrist and hand area $2.59{\pm}0.86$, neck area $2.55{\pm}0.74$, and arm and elbow area $2.48{\pm}0.71$. By cares about musculoskeletal symptoms, taking medication or care represented 34.4%-46.7%, absence or leave 15.4%-28.7%, and job transfer 6.3%-11.5%. So experienced cases more than one thing among cares about musculoskeletal symptoms represented 39.6%-54%. In the diagnosis using moire topography, pain control necessity of cervicobrachial area was shown below; A(no symptoms) 20.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 64.6%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 11.5%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 3.0%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) 0.2%. By lumbar area, A(no symptoms) 8.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 52.2%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 30.3%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 8.7%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) was none. In the relation between pain control necessity and general characteristics, age(P=0.013), education(P=0.000), and job tenure(P=0.012) with pain control necessity showed differences with significance. The relation between pain control necessity and complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area showed no difference with significance; in cervicobrachial area represented P=0.708, lumbar area P=0.318 Conclusions: This study for musculoskeletal symptoms on workers at automobile manufacturing plant showed that complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were so high, 63.9%. But Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to study the relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and the diagnosis using moire topography, showed no differences with significance. They have no differences with significance, but the prevalence rates of diagnosis using moire topography for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were more higher than complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms; complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms were 52.4%, 34.5% and the diagnosis using moire topography were 79.3%, 91.3% for cervicobrachial and lumbar area. The results of this study indicate that the diagnosis using moire topography can find weak musculoskeletal disorders that an individual can not feel, not be judged work-related musculoskeletal disease. Therefore, this study has an important meaning that diagnosis using moire topography can predict and control own physical condition complete musculoskeletal disorders beforehand, since oriental medicine theory considers that prevention is important.