• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2017

최근 개도국의 빈곤을 해소하기 위한 국제사회의 관심이 고조되고 있다. 공정무역은 공정한 거래를 통해 개도국의 빈곤을 해소하기 위한 실천으로 주목을 받았다. 본 연구는 공정무역이 개도국의 발전에 긍정적 효과를 가져오지 못한 점에 주목하여, 공정무역의 문제를 생산자의 하위주체성이란 맥락에서 고찰한다. 공정무역은 선진국과 개도국 간 파트너 관계를 강조한 공정성의 원리에 기초하여, 개도국의 지속가능한 발전을 지향하는 사회운동이었다. 하지만, 공정무역은 개도국의 가난을 극복할 수 있는 바람직한 실천이 아님이 밝혀지고 있다. 본 연구는 공정무역이 공정한 거래가 되지 못하는 이유를 선진국이 주도하는 원조성 프로그램의 일환으로 추진되었기 때문임을 밝히면서, 개도국의 생산자가 중심이 되는 공정무역의 실천을 제시한다. 이를 위해 개도국의 로컬은 개발에 대한 인식적 전환, 시장의 가치에 대한 재발견, 자유로서의 발전, 로컬의 개별성을 고려한 발전 방향을 포스트개발의 맥락에서 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2024

LED 산업은 기술의 발전과 에너지 절감 정책을 바탕으로 수요가 급증하면서 시장은 급격히 확대되고 있다. 그에 따라 지속적으로 축적되는 LED 폐자원의 효율적인 재활용이 사회적 관심으로 증가하고 있어 현재 LED 폐자원의 재활용 상황과 향후 나아갈 방향에 대해 고찰하였다. 현재 LED 폐자원의 재활용은 Ga 회수기술에 초점이 맞춰져 있어 전처리 및 고부가가치 소재의 농축/회수 등 통합적인 재활용 기술 개발이 요구되는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 LED 폐자원의 현황 및 재활용 기술을 알아보고 향후 방향에 대해 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1787-1795
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• 2015

The transition from primary to secondary metabolism in antibiotic-producing Streptomyces correlates with expression of genes involved in stress responses. Consequently, regulatory pathways that regulate specific stress responses are potential targets to manipulate to increase antibiotic titers. In this study, genes encoding key proteins involved in regulation of the osmotic stress response in Streptomyces avermitilis, the industrial producer of avermectins, are investigated as targets. Disruption of either osaB_Sa, encoding a response regulator protein, or osaC_Sa, encoding a multidomain regulator of the alternative sigma factor SigB, led to increased production of both oligomycin, by up to 200%, and avermectin, by up to 37%. The mutations also conditionally affected morphological development; under osmotic stress, the mutants were unable to erect an aerial mycelium. In addition, we demonstrate the delivery of DNA into a streptomycete using biolistics. The data reveal that information on stress regulatory responses can be integrated in rational strain improvement to improve yields of bioactive secondary metabolites.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-97
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• 2004

Practical experience with technology implementation of the upgrading of very small village industries in India suggests that innovation failures are not merely a result of the lack of proper interaction between the users and suppliers of technologies under implementation, but also a result of adoption of the primitive conception of competitiveness in their practice of technology development. The approach of promoting the small producers to become individually competitive by using labour intensive, small-scale intermediate technologies is proving to be totally inadequate for the achievement of technological efficiency in a dynamic sense. Guided by a primitive notion of competitiveness, the suppliers of intermediated technologies are thus being led into limiting their technological efforts in the sectors of direct interest to the rural industrial clusters to the transitional objectives of mainly poverty alleviation. Consequently they have not been able to target the small producers of these village industries for the objectives of business growth. This paper posits that under competitive conditions the self-employed small producer has not only to come together for access to resources, but also has to emerge as a multi-sectoral collective of producers, co-operating in production. With the aim to draw lessons that are generic and have policy implications for the development of innovation systems for local economy based rural industrial clusters and value chains, the author analyses in this paper the experience of innovation in technological systems for the sectors of leather, fruits and vegetable processing and agro processing by the People's Science Movement with the help of the Ministry of Science and Technology and other sectoral ministries in India where rural poor were required to pool the resources and capabilities for raising the scale and scope of their collective production organization.

• 복식
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2013

This study seeks solutions for two conflict values from the fair trade, one being fulfilling environment and social responsibility and the other being suggesting stylish designs within a reasonable price range. The purposes of this study were to establish fair-trade fashion product development process by investigating practices in fashion product development process within fair-trade company, and to identify the characteristics of fair-trade fashion product development. Qualitative research method was employed. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were conducted with practitioners working in fairtradekorea, Ltd. and producers in Bangladesh, from which case studies were compiled. The results were as follows: The case study provided evidence that fair-trade fashion product development has the same steps as practiced in general fashion brands, but has different characteristics such as fair-trade products going through a much slower process which led to early planning, having producer-centered product development, concentrating on spring/summer products, having a high cost structure, and having unpredictable quality control. Study implications and future research avenues are also discussed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2015

연우무대 창작극은 '연극 연구'의 태동 초창기, '연극 운동'의 저항 성장기, '현실 빗대기'의 전성 분화기, '현실 재발견'의 위기 개변기, '레퍼토리 활성화'의 도전 약진기 등의 시대 변천을 거듭한다. 태동 초창기와 저항 성장기에는 1인 대표체제에 의한 '집단 창작'이, 전성 분화기와 위기 개변기에는 5인 집단체제 2인 이원체제 5인 운영위원회체제 등에 의한 '공동 작업'이, 도전 약진기에는 1인 프로듀서체제에 의한 '기획 제작'이, 각각 시대 상황 극단 위기 자원 결핍을 극복하는 방책이 되었다. '집단 창작'은 연출이 주도하는 극단원 전체의 규모로, '공동 작업'은 (극작 겸)연출이 주도하는 공연진 공동의 규모로, '기획 제작'은 프로듀서가 주도하는 대내외 편성의 규모로, 각각 꾸려졌다. 이러한 창작극 개발의 긴 여정을 통하여 ${\triangle}$한국적 서사의 확장 ${\triangle}$집단적 창작의 계승 ${\triangle}$시대적 흐름의 수용과 대중적 공감의 시도 등의 특성을 구축하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2017

The 1960s in Britain was the period of rapid economic and social change. Under this circumstance, the visionary architect Cedric Price designed the Fun Palace, of which idea came from the theatre producer, Joan Littlewood. They hoped this place to be an improvisational learning space, so Price proposed the building as 'kit of parts' which can respond to programmatic indeterminacy. Cybernetics was introduced to control this flexibility dramatically changed the character of the project from 'theatre of people' to 'interactive machine'. That resulted in the change of the status of user from subjective human beings to abstract data in the cybernetic algorithm as well, and led the project to a completely opposite direction from that Price intended. After Fun Palace, cybernetics technology could still be found in his other projects, and it can be assumed that this was because the algorithmic system of cybernetics were on the same line of thought of Price's idea - anti-building or 'kit of parts'. The effects of cybernetics varied in projects; Similar negative effect in Fun Palace can be found in Generator project, but on the other hand, in Potteries Thinkbelt project, cybernetics showed a positive aspect by contribution to the development of project on the formal analogy of algorithmic network.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.565-573
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• 2015

2000년대 소셜 미디어(Social Media)의 발달은 불특정 다수를 같은 주제 아래 연대하게 이끌었다. SNS(Social Network Service)는 각종 대중문화의 감상과 해석을 널리 공유하는 수단이 되었고, 특정 작품을 매개로 하여 사람들의 관계를 돈독하게 해 주었다. 본 연구는 그 구체적인 사례로 미국 TV 드라마 <한니발(Hannibal)>의 제작자와 수용자 간의 커뮤니케이션 양상을 소개한다. 드라마 제작자인 브라이언 풀러(Bryan Fuller)를 비롯한 주요 제작진은 시청자가 원하는 것이 무엇인지 알고 공감하는 수단으로 SNS를 적극 사용하였으며, 이는 시청자 수로는 소규모이지만 헌신적인 시청층에게 열렬한 화답을 받았다. <한니발> 제작진은 작품 공급자이기보다 작품을 즐기는 소비자로서 SNS를 사용했고, 이는 과거의 일방향 홍보와 매우 다른 접근법이다. 본 연구는 사례 연구를 통해 SNS가 제작자와 시청자의 중간 매개자, 혹은 정보의 허브로서 강력한 힘을 발휘하고 있으며, 인터랙티브 컨텐츠가 뉴미디어에서 어떤 방식으로 제공될 때 효과가 좋은지를 제시하였다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2016

In Korea, the Vehicle Dismantler and Recycler industry is supervised by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Automobile Management Act. Also, Korean Automotive recycling businesses are supervised by the Minister of Environment under the Resource Recirculation Act. The main concern of the Minister of Environment is how the wastes from Dismantled vehicles will be environmentally removed, stored, treated, recycled or disposed. In 2000, the European Union (EU) adopted the End-of-Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) which required Members to ensure the collection, treatment and recovery of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). The Directive, the most tightly regulated and precautionary legal systems, required that the last owner of a vehicle could drop off the ELV at an authorized treatment facility and that the producers of the ELV should pay the cost of the program. The adoption of the ELVs directive has led the development of Automotive Dismantler and Recycler networks to reuse, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle and recover parts and materials embedded in ELVs. Also, the ELVs directive which has had an insignificant impact on Korean manufacturers has strong presence in the European market and has been successfully externalized on them. The Korean manufacturers not only achieve the 85% recycling target set by the ELVs directive but also meet the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) which requires manufacturers to contribute dismantling process. In order to improve the Korean vehicle dismantling and recycling system, the Automobile Management Act and the Resource Recirculation Act should be harmonized. Particularly the roles of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the Minister of Environment should be sharply divided. Like Japan, the ELV management needs to be highly centralized, regulated, and controlled by the ministry specialized in Vehicle, namely the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the sub organizations. Like EU Members, recovery, reuse, and recycling must be distinguished. Recovery is defined as the final productive use of the parts and materials embedded in ELVs, which includes reuse and remanufacture of parts and recycling of the other materials. Dismantling process and reuse and remanufacture of parts must be governed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. For environmental recycling or disposal of waste materials, such as CFCs, glass and plastic material, and toxic substances, governmental financial support system should be in place.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1570-1579
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• 2019

The fungal products dibenzodioxocinones promise a novel class of inhibitors against cholesterol ester transfer protein (CEPT). Knowledge as to their biosynthesis is scarce. In this report, we characterized four more dibenzodioxocinones, which along with a previously described member pestalotiollide B, delimit the dominant spectrum of secondary metabolites in P. microspora. Through mRNA-seq profiling in $g{\alpha}1{\Delta}$, a process that halts the production of the dibenzodioxocinones, a gene cluster harboring 21 genes including a polyketide synthase, designated as pks8, was defined. Disruption of genes in the cluster led to loss of the compounds, concluding the anticipated role in the biosynthesis of the chemicals. The biosynthetic route to dibenzodioxocinones was temporarily speculated. This study reveals the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of dibenzodioxocinone in fungi, and may facilitate the practice for yield improvement in the drug development arena.