• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships on integrated science process skills and Piagetian cognitive modes for high school students according to the different cognitive reasoning levels. About 509 high school students were randomly selected for the samples of this study. They were identified as concrete, transitional and formal operational stage with the scores of GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Thinking) developed by Roadrangka, Yeaney and Padilla(1982), and TIPS II(Test of Integrated Process Skills) developed by Burns, Wise and Okey(1983). The result of this study were showed that about 11.8% of the samples were in the concrete operational stage and about 24.4% of the samples were in the transitional stage, while about 63.8% of them were in the formal operational stage. It was also found that the achivement scores of the science process skills increase in accordance with the cognitive reasoning levels. The value of the correlation coefficient between science process skills and cognitive reasoning abilities was 0.49, which was significant at the 0.05 level. This finding seems to support previous research that the student's cognitive reasoning abilities appeared to have influenced student's scores of the science process skills No differences to the logical reasoning ability between male and female students according to each cognitive level were found except formal operational stage.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is examine relationship of attribution styles and attitude toward Science and Science Process Skills of Science-gifted, to understand unique characteristics of the Science-gifted and to give useful information that can be use in develop special programs for the Science-gifted. The result of this study were as follows: First, there was no difference between genders. But there was a significant difference in attribution of luck. Second, there was a correlation between internal tendencies and Scientific attitude. Especially attribution of effort correlated with sub - constituent of Scientific attitude. Internal tendencies correlated with the Cognition in Scientific Professions that sub - constituent of the attitude toward Science. Third, There was a correlation between external tendencies and the interest activity in Science that sub - constituent of the attitude toward Science. There are correlations between sub - constituent of the attitude toward Science and sub - constituent of external tendencies that attribution of luck and interest in Scientific Professions, attribution of task difficulty and Cognition activity in Science. Fourth There was no correlation between Attribution styles and Science Process Skills. But Internal tendencies correlated with classification that sub - constituent of Science Process Skills. And classification correlated with attribution of ability that sub - constituent of external tendencies. Attribution of effort that sub - constituent of internal tendencies correlated with Science Process Skills.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate how free inquiry activities affects the scientific process skills and scientific attitudes of 5th and 6th of elementary school students. For this study, 265 elementary students from 5th and 6th grade in Seoul were selected. In comparison group 130 students were implemented and to the experimental group 135 students who did not the free inquiry activities were implemented. The result of this study is as follows: First, curiosity was the most affective factor that motivate free inquiry activities and made them select their topics. Most of the students invested for the inquiry activity in less than 3 weeks. They had some help in every stages. Students became interested in free inquiry activities because they learned new facts and enjoyed doing experiments and they wanted to continue for the same reasons. Second, free inquiry activities had little effect on the basic science process skills of the experimental group, compared to the control group at the significant difference of p=0.05. Third, free inquiry activities had considerable effect on the integrative inquiry process skills of the experimental group, compared to the control group at the significant difference of p=0.05. Fourth, the result of the post-test of the experimental group showed that free inquiry activities had no effect on scientific attitudes at the significant difference of p=0.05. In conclusion, free inquiry activities will be much more effective in developing integrative inquiry process skills than in developing basic scientific process skills and scientific attitudes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of logical thinking skills and integrated process skills, and to investigate the differences in general tendency of subskills by grade level and gender between Korean middle school students and Japanese one. The performance level of skills was measured using GALT and TIPS II. The results are compared with those of Japan (Mattheis et al., 1992). Summary of the results are as follow. 1. Percentages of formal and transitional stage of males are more than females in developmental level. It has been found out that the males attained significantly higher scores of logical thinking skills than the females in middle school stage. The significant differences in scores by gender show a good correlation with those for Japanese middle school students. Developmental level of Korean middle school students shows a remarkable improvement as they move up from 8th grade to 9 one. The significant differences in developmental level by grade also show a good correlation with those for Japanese middle school students. Total scores of GALT for Japanese middle school students are higher than Korean one, but it has been found nearly same scores for 9th grade in both countries. Scores of subskills of logical thinking skills, except correlational reasoning, for Korean students show lower than those for Japanese students. It could be noted that the combinatorial reasoning is considered to be easiest and the correlational reasoning to be most difficult in both countries. 2. It also has been found out similar pattern for integrated process skills in both countries because the males and females did not examplify significant differences, although males gain somewhat higher scores than females in Korea. Scores of subskills of integrated process skills for Japanese middle school students show higher them Korean one. It could be noted that the identifying variables is considered to be easiest and stating hypothesis to be most difficult in both countries. 3. There was a significant relationship (r= .65) between logical thinking skills and integrated process skills, and there were statistically significant differences of the integrated process skills for developmental level. In integrated process skills, the students who belong to the higher grade levels acquired better score than who belong to the lower grade level. It has been also found remarkable improvement between 8th and 9th grade, and there are significant differences for grade level in both countries.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the research is understand the priorities of national competency standards vocational key competence factors in nurse who is work in Seoul and Incheon. Methods: The design of this study is descriptive investigation research, and the subjects were 144 nurse. we establish the vocational key competency defined in national competency standards as analytic hierarchy analysis model. The vocational key competency has 10 categories and 34 sub-categories. And based on the survey in nurse, the weight representing relative importance of each factor were calculated by using analytic hierarchy process method. Results: The analytic hierarchy process analysis on 10 categories showed that professional ethics(0.149) was higher than any other categories while that of numeracy(0.040) was at the bottom. And the analysis on sub-categories revealed that the most important factors in each categories included the Ethical community(Professional ethics), Conflict management skills(Interpersonal skills), Problem solving capability(Problem-solving skills), Listening skills(Communication skills), Applicable technical skills(Technical skills), Ability to understand business(Ability to understand organizational structures), Information processing capabilities(Information capacity), Self-management skills(Self-development capability), Ability to manage time(Resource management capabilities), Basic math skills(Numeracy). Conclusions: The results in this study can be used as basic data for the development of liberal arts curriculum for Nursing.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2001

Developing mathematical thinking skills is one of the most important goals of school mathematics. In particular, recent performance based on assessment has focused on the teaching and learning environment in school, emphasizing student's self construction of their learning and its process. Because of this reason, people related to mathematics education including math teachers are taught to recognize the fact that the degree of students'acquisition of mathematical thinking skills and strategies(for example, inductive and deductive thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking) should be estimated formally in math class. However, due to the lack of an evaluation tool for estimating the degree of their thinking skills, efforts at evaluating student's degree of mathematics thinking skills and strategy acquisition failed. Therefore, in this paper, mathematical thinking was studied, and using the results of study as the fundamental basis, mathematical thinking process model was developed according to three types of mathematical thinking - fundamental thinking skill, developing thinking skill, and advanced thinking strategies. Finally, based on the model, evaluation factors related to essential thinking skills such as analogy, deductive thinking, generalization, creative thinking requested in the situation of solving mathematical problems were developed.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.256-265
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 실험 평가를 이용하여 탐구과정 기능을 측정하고, 인지 수준과 탐구과정 기능의 성취도와의 관계를 알아보는 것이다. 연구 대상은 인지 수준과 지역을 유층으로 하여 중학교 2학년 162명을 표집하였다. 실험 평가는 SISS에서 사용한 실험 과정기능검사 문항을 수정 보완한 산 염기, 밀도, 염화코발트의 성질에 관한 3가지 과제를 이용하여 순환 실험 형식으로 수행하였다. 탐구과정 기능은 D(계획), P(수행), R(추론) 등의 하위 기능을 포함한다. 실험 평가의 채점은 학생용 보고서를 이용하였으며, 5명의 평가자가 채점한 결과의 평균값으로 분석을 하였다. 연구의 결과 인지 수준이 발달함에 따라 탐구과정 기능의 전체 점수와 하위 기능인 D(계획), P(수행), R(추론)의 성취도가 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 인지 수준을 통제하고 탐구과정 기능의 성취도를 비교한 결과 지역간에 탐구과정 기능의 성취도 차이와 남녀간에 탐구과정 기능의 성취도 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 실험 평가를 통한 탐구과정 기능의 성취도는 인지 수준에 크게 영향을 받으므로 탐구과정 기능을 향상시키기 위해서는 학습자의 인지 수준을 고려하는 것이 매우 중요한 일임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.545-555
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• 1998

과학 탐구 능력의 향상은 과학 교육의 중요한 목표가 되어왔다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위하여 과학 교육 과정, 탐구 수업 방법, 교육 환경의 개선이 중요하다. 또 다른 중요한 요인은 과학 탐구 능력을 측정할 수 있는 도구를 개발하는 것이다. 그 동안 과학 탐구 능력 검사 도구는 우리 나라에서 뿐만 아니라 외국에서도 많이 개발되었다. 그러나 대부분은 문장으로 주어진 상황에서 각 탐구 요소를 측정하도록 되어 있어서 각 검사 도구에서의 독특한 특징을 발견할 수가 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 선 그래프를 이용하여 신뢰롭고 타당한 과학 탐구 능력 검사 도구를 개발하는 것이다. 선행 연구 등을 통하여 선 그래프를 이용하여 측정할 수 있는 과학 탐구 요소 6가지(가설 설정, 변인 통제, 자료 변환, 예상, 추리, 결론 도출)를 선정하고, 예비 검사와 현장 검사를 통하여 문항을 수정 보완하고, 최종적으로 4지 선다형의 19문항을 개발하였다. 본 검사 도구의 내용 타당도는 78%, 신뢰도 (KR-20)는 0.82, 평균 변별도 지수는 0.57, 그리고 평균 난이도 지수는 0.47이었다. 이 결과는 좋은 검사 문항의 기준에 합당하므로 본 검사 도구는 과학 탐구 능력을 측정할 수 있는 신뢰롭고 타당한 검사 도구라고 할 수 있다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

COVID-19로 인해 갑작스럽게 원격 수업이 도입되고 수업 시수 경감 등의 이유로 성취기준에 제시되어 있지 않은 과학 탐구 기능에 관한 내용을 제대로 학습하지 않고 중학생이 된 학습자들은 탐구 기능에 대한 이해가 미흡하여 과학 탐구 능력과 과학 태도에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 탐구 기능을 강화한 학습지를 개발하고, 이를 온·오프라인으로 체계적인 연계를 강조한 학생 참여형 배움 중심 수업에 적용함으로써 과학 탐구 능력과 과학 태도에 미치는 효과를 알아보았으며, 연구 결과 둘 다 통계적으로 유의미한 긍정적인 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 이 연구를 토대로 과학 수업 시간에 과학 교과의 기초가 되는 탐구 기능에 관심을 갖고 꾸준히 탐구 기능 요소를 경험할 수 있는 학생 참여형 배움 중심 수업이 확산하길 기대해 본다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.222-238
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 지구과학 탐구에서 통합 탐구 기능에 대한 학생들의 학습발달과정을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 과학 탐구 기능 발달과정 관련 문헌의 조사를 통해 '탐구 설계', '자료 수집', '자료 해석', 그리고 '결론 도출'을 발달 변인으로 설정하고, 각각에 대한 가설적 학습발달과정(HLP)을 4개 수준으로 개발하였다. 또한, 통합 탐구 기능에 대한 학생들의 학습발달과정을 조사하기 위한 도구로 3가지 지구과학 탐구 과제를 개발하였는데, 이들은 학생들이 주어진 문제 인식에서 출발하여 결론 도출에 이르기까지의 통합 탐구 기능을 포함하는 가설-연역적 탐구이다. 중학생, 고등학생, 대학생 총 126명을 대상으로 각각 개발된 지구과학 탐구 과제를 수행하게 한 후 HLP를 토대로 개별 학생들의 통합 탐구 기능을 요소별로 평가하였다. 또한, 학생들의 평가 자료를 Rasch 모델에 적용하여 HLP에 대한 타당화 과정을 거쳤다. 마지막으로, 분석 결과를 근거로 HLP를 수정 보완하여 경험적 학습발달과정을 개발하였다. 이 연구는 학생들의 통합 탐구 기능의 발달에 영향을 주는 요인들을 규명함으로써 지구과학 탐구 수업에서 학생들의 통합 탐구 기능을 효과적으로 향상시키기 위한 스캐폴딩 방안을 찾는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 지구과학 탐구 수업에 대한 교사들의 PCK를 향상시키는데 필요한 시사점을 제공한다.