• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.159-182
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between household income, consumption wants for education, private education expenses, and old-age economic preparation behaviors in mothers with school-aged children. The participants in this study comprised 393 mothers living with children aged 8.19 in Daegu. All participants had wage-earning husbands. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Factor analysis was conducted using SPSS and structural regression analysis was performed using AMOS. The main results of this study were as follows: The participants' old-age economic preparation behaviors were influenced by their household income, the proportion of private education expenditures they paid, and the perceived burden the participants had of these private education expenditures. The consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children had no significant impact on the proportion of private education expenditures paid by the participants. Household income, proportion of private education expenditures, and perceived burden of the private education expenditures had a direct effect on the old-age economic preparation behaviors of the participants. When the perceived burden of the private education expenditures was mediated, the consumption wants for education in mothers with school-aged children had an indirect effect on their old-age economic preparation behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.343-364
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• 2008

Using data from Korea Welfare Panal Study(KWPS), this study examines the relationship between public income transfers and private income transfers in Korea. This research is analyzed by the procedure of OLS regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, the paper shows that public income transfers crowded out the private income transfers. Specially public assistance crowed out the private income transfers. The amount of public income transfers has negative correlation with the amount of private income transfers. The amount of public assistance income has negative correlation with the amount of private income transfers. But social insurance transfers do not have influence on the private income transfer. Second, the private income transfers in Korea are altruistically motivated.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the influence of private label cues, including store image, product design, price promotion, and origin image, on consumers repurchase intention by mediating consumption value from a distribution perspective. Additionally, it explored nationality's moderating role in the relationship between consumption value and repurchase intention. Research design, data and methodology: Drawing on the SOR model, data were collected from 246 consumers who had purchased private-label products in the past month. Structural equation modeling analysis was employed to test hypotheses using AMOS and SPSS. Results: Findings revealed that cues significantly impact consumers' perception of consumption value, influencing repurchase intention. Price promotion directly affected repurchase intention, while other cues indirectly influenced it through consumption value mediation. Nationality moderated the relationship between consumption value and repurchase intention, with Korean consumers showing a higher propensity to repurchase than Chinese consumers. Conclusions: Theoretical implications of the study contributed to understanding consumer behavior by confirming the impact of private label cues, elucidating their differential effects on repurchase intention, and integrating theoretical frameworks. Managerial implications underscored the significance of leveraging cues to enhance consumption value perceptions, tailoring marketing strategies to accommodate cultural nuances, and utilizing cues to bolster consumer repurchase intentions, ultimately enhancing distribution channel effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 1999

One of the most fundamental and the oldest issues in the provision of health care throughout the world has been the issue of the role of the public and private sector of health care, and the relationship between them. This paper describes issues associated with the concept of health oriented partnerships in the United Kingdom and seeks to contrast public and private partnerships both in health and in health care. In the United Kingdom it is suggested that health care is conceived by the population to equate to the National Health Service(NHS) with "add on" private health care for certain sectors of the community and within certain well defined clinical parameters. This paper can provide us with valuable information on the characteristics of UK health care systems, current health policies as well as issues relating to the public and private partnerships in health/ health care in the UK, thus offer important policy implications for the improvement of Korean health care system which lacks health-oriented coordinations and partnership between public and private sector very considerably.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.31-56
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• 2020

Does financial development contribute to economic growth? The literature finds that an expansion in financial resources is useful for economic growth if the degree of financial development is under a certain threshold; otherwise, the expansion is detrimental to growth. Almost every published study, however, considers country-panel data. Accordingly, the results are not directly applicable to the Korean economy. By examining Korean time-series data, this paper finds that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the per capita real GDP growth rate and private credit (as a percentage of nominal GDP)-a well-known measure of quantitative financial development, where the threshold is 171.5%. This paper also finds that private credit is positively associated with economic growth if the share of household credit out of private credit is less than 46.9%; otherwise, private credit is negatively associated with economic growth. As of 2016, the ratio of private credit to GDP and the ratio of household credit to private credit are both higher than the corresponding thresholds, which implies that policymakers should place more emphasis on qualitative financial development than on a quantitative expansion of financial resources.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.6 s.84
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• pp.61-77
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• 2006

This study was to analyze the effect of private education expenditures on financial performance. The data from 1,669 households were taken from the Korean labor and Income Panel Study. The major findings were as follows: (1) The mean of monthly private education expenditure was 257,400 won for all households. Almost 66% of households encountered an economic burden in paying for private education. (2) The mean of financial performance in all households was 31,420,000 won and those with higher assets showed the greatest financial performance (112.8 million won net gain). (3) The variables that significantly influenced on private education expenditures and the financial performance were different in all households. (4) The relationship between financial performance and private education expenditures was verified partially. The association was proved in the middle assets group.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.106-124
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• 2022

Purpose - The increasing share of Korean private label products (PLPs) in the domestic market helped generate lucrative revenue. In recent years, major South Korean retailers have begun to cast their sights on overseas markets and actively export their PLPs. In China, the proportion of private label fresh food (PLFF) is gradually expanding amid the development of the new retailing model. A profound understanding of the relationship between private label fresh produce and purchase intention may be the answer to helping Chinese retailer private labels expand supply chains in Korea. This study, taking Chinese retailers as an example, examines the impacts of selection factors of private label fresh food and perceived value on purchase intention. Apart from that, the relationship between the selection factors and purchase intention will be analyzed with perceived value as a mediator. Design/methodology - This work aims to empirically analyze the purchase intention of private label fresh food using statistical analysis. In this study, a hypothetical causal model consisting of 6 latent variables and 24 measured variables is developed based on the literature review. To validate the research hypotheses and the research model, SPSS23.0/AMOS23.0 is used to analyze factors such as validity and reliability, as well as structural equation modeling. Findings - The hypothetical model established in this study is of general applicability. In respect to PLFF, perceived value, while significantly influencing purchase intention in combination with four selection factors (perceived quality, perceived price, brand trust, and store image), mediates partially between the first three factors and purchase intention, which rules out the impact and mediating effect of store image on purchase intention. Originality/value - These research results, as helpful insights into the present circumstances of Chinese PLFF in the domestic market, provide useful information and guidance for Korean retailers and service providers to innovate production and service, as well as develop marketing and promotion strategies, so that they can shift private label goods with advantages from domestic demand to export, thus increasing overseas profitability. Further, this work will also contribute to relevant research.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.461-472
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• 2018

Using a sample of third grade middle school students from the forth wave of Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012, the mediation effects of private educational expenditure between parenting styles and children's academic performance were investigated by applying factor, cluster, tobit, and two stage regression analysis. The major results were as follows. First, four types of parenting style were identified. The most frequent parenting style was ambivalent parenting (tiger parenting) which was followed by authoritative parenting. Second, compared to permissive parenting style, ambivalent, authoritative, and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with more private educational expenditures. Third, more private educational expenditures were significantly associated with higher academic performance of children. I found both a full mediation effect of private educational expenditure for ambivalent and authoritarian parenting styles, and a partial mediation effect for authoritative parents. Authoritative parenting style has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between household income and private educational expenditure, along with a positive direct effect on the academic performance of children. The results suggested that an authoritative parenting style was related with higher academic performance of children with less private educational expenditures compared to other parenting styles. The results also implied that the public policies to enhance authoritative parenting style among parents would be effective to reduce household's private educational expenditures.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.51
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• pp.127-149
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital on job attitudes. For this purpose, the private security guards who were working at private security companies in Gyeonggi province from September to October, 2016 were selected as the population and the convenience sampling method was used for 310 persons. A total of 295 copies of the questionnaire were used for the final analysis, except for 15 questions that were answered in appropriately or were partially missing. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results are as follows. First, the positive psychological capital of the private security guard has a positive(+) effect on job satisfaction. Second, the positive psychological capital of the private security guard has a positive(+) effect on job commitment. Third, job satisfaction of the private security guards has a positive(+) effect on job commitment. Fourth, job satisfaction is partly mediated in the relationship between positive psychological capital and job commitment. In summary, the positive psychological capital of the private security guard is an important variable that positively affects job satisfaction and job commitment, and the higher the job satisfaction of the private security guard, the higher the commitment to the job.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-193
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between public R&D investment and private R&D investment in Korea, and to obtain policy implications of the results. To this end, the author attempts to provide more careful consideration of the causality issues by applying rigorous techniques of Granger causality. Tests for unit roots, co-integration, and Granger causality based on an error-correction model are presented. The existence of bi-directional causality between public R&D investment and private R&D investment is detected. This finding has various implications for policy analysts and forecasters. Increasing private R&D investment requires enormous public R&D investment, though there are many other factors contributing to private R&D investment, and public R&D investment is but one part of it. Thus, this study generates confidence in decisions to invest in public R&D. Moreover, this study lends support to the argument that increase in private R&D investment, ceteris paribus, gives rise to public R&D investment. Increase in private R&D investment results in greater national income to be spent on R&D investment and stimulates further public R&D investment.