• 조형예술학연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

"Printing is an Art of reproduction & a Technique of However printing has extended its limitation from a genre of reproduction itself and now it stands on the turning point as an art such as painting or sculpture which expresses artist's originality. Early Printing has had relations in depth with press printing in terms of information recording, preservation, and transmission. It was acknowledged value in a way of information satisfaction different from how it is valued as a pure art today. But, later printing has transferred its function from a mean of reproduction to pure art due to the development of printing skills and photography invention. It can be said that the concept of modern printing is taking over its genealogy as a creative work not as just printing. Also its expression capability is widen to dimensional printing and high-tech multimedia from original tradition techniques. As we discussed above, modern painting is very open to various changes. This modern painting aspect can be seen as an extended interpretation of 'board' concept. This dissertation raises a question why monotype and monoprint couldn't secure its position in printing history in spite of numerous artists' tryouts in its way. Monotype and monoprint fundamentally based on intaglio technique in its history. Yet, its systematic study hasn't been worked out. This is because of the lack of recognition of monotype and monoprint's originality as printing. Especially in monoprint, it has known as an early stage in copperplate printing process which is an attempt to solve the technique limitation or trial work for edition. Likewise the reason why monotype and monoprint remains at the edge of printing border ambiguously is because of conceptual, technical characteristics which are against traditional printing. In traditional printing, the concept of board is important as a method of reproduction. Different from the fact, monotype and monoprint accept the form of medium 'board' conceptually out of limited condition as mentioned. Thus monotype and monoprint hasn't stand out for several reasons until late 20th century when it started come out to public as people starts to have interests that works from famous artists are actually based on monotype and monoprint. This dissertation likes to step into the monotype and monoprint theoretically which is not well known in domestic and try to study the meaning of monotype and monoprint as a printing medium which is also hasn't been considered sincerely. For this study the process follow as below. First, look into how monotype and monoprint has a concept and history. Next, check differences through comparison with traditional printing and how printing can be understood in what aspects at the same time. After, verify how monotype and monoprint have influence on the acceptance of extended concept of 'board'. This study will show the expressional possibility of monotype and monoprint which has already known as 'tableau printing' in today's situation where adventurous experiments of printing medium are going on with the development of technology.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제29권
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• pp.345-382
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• 1995

The type printing of first Ch'ing dynasty term in China is worthy to be studied because the type printing during that period included metal type, wood type, and clay type as well as the development phase was similar to Chosun dynasty culturally and technologically. This paper studied typography during the first Ch'ing dynasty term, including Shunzhi(1662-1722), Yongaheng(1723-1735), Qianlong(1736-1795), Jiaqing(1796­1820) period. The main results of the study is as follows. 1. The main body of type printing was bookstore, lecture-hall, and individual as well as the royal court that is the central government. 2. The content of type edition covers classics, history, philosophy, and literary works. Specifically, even though Wuyingdienjuzhenban series is excluded, the content includs study of the classics, class of the history, class of the philosophy, literature works that include collection works and novel and government official bulletin. 3. The printing technique of bronze type was very popular In Beijing. Jiangsu, and Taiwan. It's scale and production technique was more elaborate than in Ming dynasty. 4. Wood type was very popular in Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, and Fujian. In addition to wood type, chinese ware type was applied to book printing in Shandong. However, most of them were wood type and they were used after Qianlong period. 5. The production technique of type was skilled enough to present the fine view of a style of type. The typesetting technique was improved as much as woodblock printing. With regard to the making technology of Chinese ink, the light and darkness of chinese ink was not even sometimes. But, the technology was improved significantly when comparing with the failure experience of printing that chinese ink was not developed in early type invention. 6. In case that the book was printed in bookstore with the intention of profit and the number of book was large, the proofreading attitude was rough. However, overally, it was made correction carefully applying the various methods of proofreading. 7. The support of government made a great contribution in the area of all printing technology, including production, typesetting, and brushing of type.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.590-605
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• 2021

우리나라의 인쇄기술사의 연구는 현존하는 고문헌, 전적류의 조사와 축적되어온 자료와의 비교를 통하여 이루어진다. 문화재 연구의 특성상 비파괴 검사가 요구되어 육안 또는 현미경에 의한 관찰과 연구자의 경험과 지식에 의존하는 경우가 많다. 목판인쇄, 목활자인쇄, 금속활자인쇄 또는 그 조합으로 이루어진 것으로 추정되는 고문헌과 전적류의 경우, 연구자마다 다양한 견해와 결론을 도출하게 되어 혼란이 가중되기도 하고 사회적 비용이 증가하기도 한다. 그중에서도 목판본과 금속활자본에 대한 판단 기준이 모호하여 우리나라의 인쇄기술 발달사에 대한 학술적 연구의 정체뿐만 아니라 연구자들 간의 갈등이 분출되기도 하고 문화재 분야의 전문기관이 아닌 국가의 수사기관까지 가세하여 상황이 더욱 복잡하게 전개되는 경우가 적지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 복각된 훈민정음(訓民正音) 목판을 사용하여 여러 장의 한지에 직접 인출하는 재현성 실험과 인출된 결과물의 이미지를 정량적으로 분석하여 보다 객관적인 판단 기준으로 활용될 수 있는 인출특성은 무엇인지 조사하였다. 또한 현재까지 목판인쇄본과 금속활자본의 구별방법으로 제시되고 있는 기준의 타당성과 의문점을 살펴보았다. 목판인쇄의 재현실험을 통한 한지상의 인출특성의 조사와 이미지분석법을 활용한 다양한 특징의 정량화를 시도하고 정량분석에 의한 객관성 있는 새로운 판단 기준확보의 가능성을 조사하였다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2015

In this paper, the development history of random packings for several generations was briefly introduced. We demonstrate the application of 3D printing to the fabrication of Pall rings, directly using computer aided design (CAD) models. The CAD was used to design Pall rings with different number of blades. The models were then printed by using UV curing of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins. The results show that 3D printing is a promising method for producing precisely controlled packing materials. It is also expected that 3D printing is helpful for the fundamental studies of highly efficient packing materials with complex geometrical shapes.

• 세라미스트
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.4-15
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• 2020

The recent advances and popularity of 3D printing technology have centered around building polymerbased 'plastic' materials, due to their low cost, simple and efficient processing, and mechanical toughness. For this reason, printable polymers are actively recruited to create 'ceramic resins' that allow more facile fabrication of ceramic materials that are difficult to print directly. Herein, a brief history and the current state of ceramic 3D printing technology aided by polymer is summarized. In addition, a new ceramic 3D printing technology using polymer-derived ceramics (PDC) is also introduced.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2004

"Uirimchwaryo(醫林撮要)" is a medical book that takes a model of written in the middle of Chosun dynasty. In the contents side, it seems to unite a korea medicine with the Geum-Won Dynasty(金元時代) in ancient china. we can think much of the value that it combines theory with experience, choosing the merits of "Uibangyuchwi(醫方類聚)" which were the masterpieces of the first half of Chosun Dynasty and it increased a practical use to choose easily prescription in the clinic. This book which was proofread and published by imperial physician Yang Yaesoo(楊禮壽, ? ~ 1597) is not exist. In this condition, existing print type is added by scholars only after "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" was compiled. When the academic conference was held in last year, I introduced a new founded book in japan's possession that printed in Chosun dynasty. Moreover I survey more documents and investigate a few old printed books that are handed down to Chosun and Japan. In addition, I will present that had done interchanges between the ancient nations in par-eastern asia, especially to have done by diplomatic mission. We can evaluate the value and effect of "Uirimchwaryo" in Chosun dynasty of medical history.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2016

This study examined the bibliographical characteristics of Hyangyak Jipseongbang that was compiled in the $15^{th}$ century (1433) and continued to publish throughout the early period of Joseon Dynasty. Various existing records and the early Joseon printed edition of Hyangyak Jipseongbang stored in a domestic Sancheong Korean Medicine Museum were reviewed from 3 perspectives as follows. First, it is the bibliographical system approach to Hyangyak Jipseongbang for some circumstances related to its compilation and publication. Second, it is the significance in terms of printing history through the analysis of bibliographical characteristics and the status of the remaining Hyangyak Jipseongbang. Particularly, the period of publication is an important factor to determine the value of a book. In this respect, most of the extant early-Joseon editions of Hyangyak Jipseongbang seem to have been published during the ruling years of King Sung Jong. Those editions are expected to have distinctive meaning from other copied editions of the $17^{th}$ century. Last, it is bibliographical orignal analysis of Hyangyak Jipseongbang. This study reviewed the contents and composition of Vol. 49 through 51 of Hyangyak Jipseongbang stored in Sancheong Korean Medicine Museum in an attempt to help understand the textual bibliography and composition system of exhibiting editions.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제13권
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• pp.1-28
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• 1986

An outline of the scope and history of encyclopaedias is essentially a guide to the story of the development of scholarship, for encyclopaedias stand out as landmarks throughout the centuries, recording much of what was known at the time of publication. the early stage of encyclopaedias originated a summaries of scholarship in forms comprehensible to their readers, so that compiled their works single-handedly. The impact of Christianity brought a new phase in Western encyclopaedia making. As religion is emphasized in the encyclopaedias of those time, it pervades the whole of their contents. It was made for Christian education. The general trend in treatment in the Middle ages was arranged by subject. Most of the encyclopaedias issued before the introduction of printing into Europe having been arranged in a methodical or classical form, the alphabetically arranged encyclopaedia has a history of less than 1000 years. By influence of printing and Renaissance, a turning point came with encyclopaedia making. There were just as increasingly preferred to put practical topics first. Until those time, thought in terms of arranging their entries in alphabetical order has already familiarized. By generalization of public education in 19th-century, there were increasingly the number of purchasers so that prevailed commercial publication. It was those time that was settled the features of contemporary such as multivolume compendium of all available knowledge, complete with maps and a very detailed index, as well as numerous adjuncts such as bibliographies, illustrations, lists of abbreviations and foreign expressions, gazetteers, and so on.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2021

고문헌 조사에서 목판 인쇄된 것인지 금속활자로 인쇄된 것인지를 판별해야 하는 경우가 있다. 우리나라는 물론이고 세계적으로 금속활자의 발명과 활용시기가 어떻게 판정되느냐에 따라 인쇄의 역사가 바뀔 수 있기 때문이다. 목판본과 금속활자본의 판정에는 다양한 정보가 활용되고 있으나 간기(刊記)를 비롯한 인쇄 배경에 관한 정보가 없는 경우에는 인쇄된 문서의 글자, 광곽, 먹의 종류, 먹의 제작시대, 한지의 제작시기 정보를 분석하여 고문서의 제작시기와 인출(印出)방법에 관한 판정을 하게 된다. 이러한 정보가 체계적으로 자료화되어 있지 않아 연구자의 경험과 감각에 의한 판단에 의지할 수밖에 없는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 완판본(完板本) 심청전 복각 목판을 이용하여 목판본의 인출 특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 목판본 인출 시에 나타나는 다양한 현상과 특징을 자료화하여 고문헌의 인출방법을 판정하는 데 참고할 수 있도록 하였다. 간기가 없는 목판 고소설의 경우 목판의 마모정도에 따라서 인출시기의 전후관계 추정에도 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 트랜스-
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• 제5권
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• pp.49-64
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• 2018

미디어 학자 마샬 맥루언은 구텐베르크 은하계라는 단어를 통하여 인쇄술이 인간에게 부여한 새로운 환경을 논하였다. 구술, 필사, 인쇄로 이어진 미디어의 진화는 인간의 삶에 있어 부수적인 존재였던 미디어를 하나의 환경으로 확장시켰고, 구텐베르크 은하계 속에서 인간의 삶은 매우 다르게 변화하였다. 본 연구는 구텐베르크 인쇄술의 개발이 인간의 삶을 넘어 음악, 특히 낭만주의 음악에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는지에 관하여 집중해보고자 한다. 인쇄술이 낳은 가장 대표적인 미디어는 책이라 할 수 있다. 같은 공간 아래 있을 때 정보 전달이 수월했던 구술, 필사와 달리 상대적으로 공간적 제약으로부터 자유로운 인쇄술의 개발은 지식과 정보를 그 질과 양에 있어 획기적으로 변화시킨다. 이전의 정보가 인간의 생활과 밀접한 형태를 띠고 있었다면, 책 속의 지식과 정보들은 신화의 세계와 같이 실생활을 넘어선 다른 세상으로 지식의 영역을 확장시킨다. 즉, 눈에 보이지 않는 세계로 지식의 영역을 확장시킨 것이다. 이와 같은 지식의 변화는 자연스레 인간의 사고를 확장시켰고, 사고의 확장은 곧 근대 서양 사회의 모든 분야에 영향을 끼친다. 인쇄 악보를 매개로하여 점진적으로 대중화되던 음악계 또한 예외가 아니었다. 인쇄술이 형성시킨 구텐베르크 은하계는 실용 음악에 가까웠던 이전의 음악 형태와 달리 음악 안에 신비와 환상의 세계를 심어놓았다. 그리고 이러한 현상은 낭만주의라는 하나의 흐름을 형성시킨다. 본 연구는 구텐베르크 은하계가 변화시킨 음악, 특히 낭만주의 음악에 집중하여, 미디어와 음악의 상관성을 증명해보고자 한다.