• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.611-623
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate a reducing alcohol intervention program for workers. Method: The intervention program employed one-group pretest-post-test design with repeated measuring by quasi-experimental study. The program was developed from literature review based on the Transtheoretical Model, and evaluated from April 6 to June 22, 2006. Sixteen white collar male workers participated. At the beginning, the subjects were at the pre-contemplation stage (50%) and contemplation stage (50%). The intervention was applied personally or in group twice a week for 9 weeks. Results: The scores of each stage of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The scores of process (cognitive and behavioral) of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with those in the pretest. The score of self-efficacy of change in the post-test increased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The score of pros-cons for drinking in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The consumption of alcohol a week and a day in the post-test decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. The levels in ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, B.P. and BMI in the post-test did not decrease significantly compared with those in the pretest, but the level of FBS decreased significantly compared with that in the pretest. Conclusion: The above result informs us that a stage-based reducing alcohol intervention program for workers has the effect of increasing the stages of change, the process of change (cognitive and behavioral) and self-efficacy, and decreasing pros-cons for drinking alcohol consumption and FBS, and it also has a value as an effective means of nursing for workers.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-60
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Su-Gi therapy for Bell's palsy by using DITI. Methods : We investigated 16 patients with Bell's palsy who had visited in the H Korean medicine hospital in Gyeonggi Province from December 27th, 2010 to April 8th, 2015. The Su-Gi therapy was done by 1 times daily. We evaluated the change of them by using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging and Yanagihara's unweighted grading system. Results : There aren't meaningful differences in values for the meridian points in pretest and posttest which were observed by DITI of abnormal side and normal side. There are meaningful differences in values, for abnormal side and normal side of the meridian points in pretest and posttest of DITI. It was of significance that pretest Y and average ΔT of each the meridian points in the type of hyperthermia but not in the type of hypothermia. In the Correlation analysis of values of pretest and posttest, chaotic aspects of body heat distribution in the pretest change as a relatively consistent aspects in the posttest. It wasn't of significance that Correlation Analysis of Ups and downs in temperature of TE17 and Recovery speed observed by ΔY. In simple regression analysis of posttest's Y-system values against absolute ΔT by subtracting ΔTE17 from ΔST6, we didn't predict in the pretest, but could predict significantly in the posttest(Regression coefficient : -2.11) In the regression analysis result of the meridian points' ||pretest ΔT|-|posttest ΔT||, 陽白(GB14) and 頰車(ST6) are of significance (Total R-Square=0.447). But we couldn't obtain final regression analysis model. Conclusions: These results suggest that Su-Gi therapy may be effective for Bell's palsy.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1997

We carried out this study to analyze the effectiveness through health education program in short term which was performed to use the special subject activities. This study was conducted on 63 students who were first grade in S Junior High School from Dec. 1995 to Feb. 1996. To analyze the effectiveness, we performed the Pretest, 1st Posttest, and 2nd Posttest for learned health knowledge. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the students(69.8%) responded that their health were good, and they got the information for health through Mass Com.. The students who had experience of health education were 15.9%, and the 77.8% of the respondents needed the health education. 2. The means of health knowledge on tests were 18.2(Pretest}, 21.5(1st Posttest), and 21.4(2nd Posttest). Increase of health knowledge between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 10.9%. 3. The mean of differences between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 3.26, it was significant(p〈0.01). And the mean of differences between Pretest and 2nd Posttest was 3.19, it was significant(p〈0.01);however, the mean of differences between 1st Posttest and 2nd Posttest was not significant(p=0.2514). 4. The significant main contents were Health Facilities(d=0.42), Pregnancy and Labor(d=0.39), Sex Education(d=0.29), Personal Hygiene(d=0.35), Safety Education (d=0.66), and Drug Abuse(d=0.60)(p〈0.01)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

Purpose: This Study was performed to measure the moral judgment of nursing students, and to identify an effect of ethics education being provided to nursing students. Method: This study is a kind of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest using the Korean version of DIT which can measure the level of human's moral development. Result: In experimental group, the posttest scores on 4 stage and P are higher than the pretest of them, but these gaps between posttest and pretest are not statistically significant. The posttest scores of lower group on 4 stage and P are higher than the pretest scores of them, and these gaps are statistically significant in experimental group. The posttest scores of higher group on 4 stage and P are lower than the pretest scores of them, and these gaps are statistically significant in control group. Conclusion: It is concluded that the ethics education being provided to nursing students has an effect in this study. And it is suggested that it may be a good strategy to use the various scores of DIT to verify an effect of ethics education.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

"Tack" is defined as "the property that enables an adhesive to form a bond with the surface of another material upon brief contact under light pressure". The tack depends on a number of experimental parameters. We can control various experimental factors (contact force, dwell time, pretest speed) using probe tack tester. We are here concerned with pretest speed of experimental factors using SIS-based hotmelt PSA and water-borne acrylic PSA.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2013

Rodents exposed to a 15-min pretest swim in the forced swimming test (FST) exhibit prolonged immobility in a subsequent 5-min test swim, and antidepressant treatment before the test swim reduces immobility. At present, neuronal circuits recruited by antidepressant before the test swim remain unclear, and also less is known about whether antidepressants with different mechanisms of action could influence neural circuits differentially. To reveal the neural circuits associated with antidepressant effect in the FST, we injected desipramine or citalopram 0.5 h, 19 h, and 23 h after the pretest swim and observed changes in c-Fos expression in rats before the test swim, namely 24 h after the pretest swim. Desipramine treatment alone in the absence of pretest swim was without effect, whereas citalopram treatment alone significantly increased the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive cells in the central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, where this pattern of increase appears to be maintained after the pretest swim. Both desipramine and citalopram treatment after the pretest swim significantly increased the number of c-Fos-like immunoreactive cells in the ventral lateral septum and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray before the test swim. These results suggest that citalopram may affect c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis distinctively and raise the possibility that upregulation of c-Fos in the ventral lateral septum and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray before the test swim may be one of the probable common mechanisms underlying antidepressant effect in the FST.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.162-178
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• 1992

This study evaluated the effectiveness of affected-based program in changing the nutrition attitudes and behavior of a group of low-income housewives in a urban area near industrial complex. using pre- post- and one month retention test measures of nutrition attitudes knowledge and nutrition behavior. The sample consisted of treatment group(n=58) and control group(n=68, 66 or 61) The treatment group participated in a four-week nutrition course of eight hours offered by faculty members of department of Food and Nutition in Han Nam University. At the conclusion of the program the respondents had improved nutrition attitudes increa-sed nutrition knowledge and improved dietary diversity and dietary quality scores. Nutrition attitude scores rose significnatly from the pretest to post-test for the treatment group only However this improvement was not maintained one month after education. Nutrition know-ledge score of the treatment group increased significnatly from the pretest to posttest and pretest to retention test. Nutrition behavior was measured by food practice dietary diversity and dietary quality scores, The mean food practice score dietary diversity and dietary quality scores were signifi-cantly increased from pretest to posttest for the treatment group. Only dietary diversity scores was maintained from posttest for the retention test for the treatment group. There was a good correlation between nutrition knowlege and attitude scores at the pretest. However no significant corrlation was found between nutrition knowledge and attitude scores at the posttest. At the pretest nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior were not correlated bu there were significant correations between nutrition knowledge or attitude and behavior at the posttest. It was concluded that a four-week nutrition education program of eight hours duration for the target people can lead to ac hange in dietary behaviors as well as nutrition knowledge and attitude.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2016

Background: A school-based smoke free home (SFH) program is useful in empowering the mother and child to reduce secondhand smoke exposure but the effects of pretesting on knowledge and attitude has been largely ignored. We aimed to test whether such a program can be effective in Southern Thailand with an additional assessment of the net effect of the pretest. Materials and Methods: A Solomon four-group design was used. Twelve rural primary schools were assigned to one of the four conditions (each with 3 schools): intervention with and without a pretest, control with and without the same pretest. The intervention was performed in the classroom and home over a period of 1 month. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the intervention on whether the home was smoke free and related knowledge and attitude. Results: The intervention could lead to a smoke-free home without statistical significance. Attitude, knowledge and self-confidence on creating a smoke-free home, and self-confidence in avoidance of secondhand smoke exposure and persuading smokers to not smoke in their home were significantly improved. No pretest effect was observed. Conclusions: Gain in attitude, knowledge and self-confidence among family members from the brief school-based education should be enhanced by other measures.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.111-124
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of restorative family circles (RFCs) on empowerment and family support for people with mental illness, and the belief system and caring experience of their families. Methods: This study used a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest non-synchronized design. Ninety-two dyads of patient-family caregivers were recruited using convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The subjects of the experimental group participated in RFCs consisting of eight 90-minute sessions. Data were collected at three different times (pretest, posttest, follow-up test) and analyzed for the effects of RFC using the 𝑥² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test for homogeneity between groups, and generalized estimating equation models. Results: The findings of this study showed that there were significant differences in the family support for people with mental illness between the pretest and follow-up test, and also in the belief system and caring experience of the family between the pretest and posttest. Conclusion: This study revealed that family interventions based on restorative justice emphasizing community-driven conflict management could be used in psychiatric mental health nursing care for fostering a cohesive family relationship.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-69
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of co-regulated learning on the improvement of self-regulated learning skills in collaborative learning environments. One group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The subjects were 49 undergraduate students who enrolled in 'Educational Evaluation' course. To facilitate students' co-regulated learning activities, group worksheets were developed. Students performed collaborative tasks in group by using the group worksheets over the 6 weeks. The results showed that the difference between means of the pretest and posttest was no statistically significant. It indicates that co-regulated learning activities did not have a significant effect on the improvement of self-regulated learning skills in collaborative learning environments. However, the results of additional analysis revealed that the difference between means of the pretest and posttest in case of 19 students with low self-regulated learning level was statistically significant. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between means of the pretest and posttest in case of 19 students with high self-regulated learning level. It is interpreted that co-regulated learning activities positively affected the improvement of self-regulated learning skills of students with low self-regulated learning level.