• 중국학논총
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• no.62
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• pp.71-84
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• 2019

Brothel in China is another word of origin and a noble expression at the same time. Brothel has long been used as a symbol of prestige and wealth as a synonym for integrity innocence. According to documentary records, brothel was used as a place where people with a lot of power and wealth. This meaning in the literature continued until the Late Tang period. In addition, the brothel was also used to refer to the place where the King resides. Therefore, the meaning of Brothel in the Tang period is generally understood as a place where people with high status symbolize the integrity of innocence. However, the image of the brothel, which is connected to the characteristics of a lot of young and beautiful women is increasingly recognized as a place where young ladies reside. For this reason, entering the Tang period the brothel eventually turned into a dwelling of a young woman in a prestigious and wealthy house. Since the time of Ming-Qing, brothel has already been used to refer to prostitute and brothel. In this article, we will look at the historical process of the change of brothel, and examine the process of brothel culture through the environment of brothel and cultural literacy of residents. We hope that this study will provide new perspectives and data to the study of women's cultural history in China.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-56
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• 2024

This paper examines China's rapid shift from low-rise to high-rise urban development, focusing on Shanghai as a case study. It provides a detailed analysis of the rapid vertical developments over the past five decades, highlighting gradual and sudden tall building changes. The study also surveys tall building development in the ten "tallest cities" across China, including Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, Chengdu, Shenyang, Hangzhou, and Nanning, while listing the tallest ten buildings in each city. The focus is on the drivers behind these towering structures: globalization, an economic powerhouse, and finance center, urbanization and population density, architectural innovation and ambition, competition and prestige, land availability and utilization, government support and planning, and tourism. The paper critically examines the sustainability of this trend in light of new Chinese policies restricting the construction of high-rise buildings exceeding 500m and 250m in smaller cities due to safety and security concerns. This prompts a reflection on the long-term viability and implications of the predominantly high-rise trajectory in urban development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.630-640
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate and make comparison of clothing images presented in women's formal and casual brands. The data were collected from 39 formal brands out of 155 and 64 casual brands out of 256 in Korea Fashion Brand Annual in 2005/2006. 316 words selected were classified into five clothing images according to the definition of previous researches and analyzed according to age ranges and price zones of brands. The results were as follows: 1) Formal brands focused on thirties and forties in age ranges and better and prestige in price zones, while casual brands centered on twenties in age range and better and volume in price zones. 2) Luxury, modem and feminine were more frequent words than others both in formal and casual brands, but elegant was found most frequently in formal brands, while comfortable, chic and simple were found frequently in casual brands. 3) Clothing images were classified into four types and appeared in elegance, modernity, individuality, and activeness order in formal brands, while clothing images in casual brands were classified into five types including youthfulness and appeared in elegance, activeness, modernity, individuality, and youthfulness order. 4) Elegance was a highly presented as clothing image in all the age ranges except thirties of formal brands but modernity and activeness with elegance were presented in price zones of casual brands. This study found that there were differences in clothing images in women's formal and casual brands.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-88
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• 2012

The reason customer satisfaction has been considered importantly in previous researches is that customer satisfaction can lead repurchase and loyalty. For a department store which tries to differentiate from other retailing stores by providing prestige services with customers, customer satisfaction is an essential element for keeping customer loyalty. Previous researches had mentioned only marketing mix to explain the customer satisfaction of department store. However, this paper would like to examine that differential services of department store can have an effect on the customer satisfaction, as well as marketing mix. As results, place(location) variable and promotion variable of four marketing mix influenced on the customer satisfaction significantly. The rest of marketing mix, product and price, were not confirmed statistically. Most of all, as an additional variable, service can have an strong effect on the customer satisfaction positively. Therefore, department store need to consider not only marketing mix but also service variable when building marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.14-26
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze Jacqueline Kennedy and Michelle Obama's fashion style from a perspective of modernism and postmodernism. The method utilized in this study was first, to examine the properties of modernism and postmodernism. Next, we explored the types of role performance of the first ladies and the application of their fashion as an aid to their roles through the precedents of the research concerning modernism and postmodernism. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was a trend of formalism and anti-formalism. Jacqueline Kennedy made her public appearances wearing a formal dress in order to express the first lady's authoritarian figure of restrained elegance. The fashion of the first lady aspired to formalism. Meanwhile, Michelle Obama followed more of a free style by eschewing the typical formality of the first lady. She created diverse styles utilizing a variety of items, which were not interrupted by form or by using heterogeneous items. Second, there is a trend of elitism and populism. While Jacqueline Kennedy preferred only haute couture designers' costume in order to show the prestige and dignity of the upper class, Michelle Obama patronized unknown designers' clothing or mid-level casual brand goods that the public favors in order to interact with the public through her fashion. Third, while modernism regards totality or unity to be important, postmodernism puts an emphasis on the eclecticism by pursuing complexity and diversity through the deconstruction of an indigenous genre. In case of Jacqueline Kennedy, this tendency featured monotone clothing color, which presented a unified full set dress that excluded decoration. Michelle Obama, in contrast, mixed and matched formal dresses and a casual cardigan or felicitously mixed luxury brand or low to middle priced brand goods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.924-926
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• 2012

Korean academic societies in science and technology are trying to improve the prestige and quality of their journals by enlisting them in international citation databases. In order to be enlisted in international citation databases, a journal should be managed and maintained according to the policies of organizations operating citation databases. In particular, a journal should have an effective on-line publishing process including fair and transparent peer-review. KISTI studied the systematical necessary element so that the domestic journal could receive the evaluation for the international index DB record. Based on this, KISTI designed the Article Contribution Management System(ACOMS) Ver. 4.0 including the academic journal homepage and completed the english ACOMS development in 2010. Presently the english ACOMS promotes the continued facility improvement in 2012 in order to be reborn as the international journal manuscript submission/review and electronic publishing system. And it is managed about the academic journal of 49 kinds including JICCE academic journal. Therefore, this paper suggests utilizing english ACOMS as a way for JICCE journal to enlist their journals in international citation database.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-127
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• 2009

The Korean Astronaut Project(KAP) aims to make the first Korean astronaut fly and take part in space activities in the International Space Station(ISS) in April 2008. KAP was on the purpose of studying the requirement to master manned space technologies as part of the long-term basic plan for national space development. However, people criticized that Ms. Yi was a 'space tourist' not an 'astronaut' because KAP was a program for pride, prestige in 21c's new space race, not specifically science and technology. The government emphasized that Yi carried out her 15 experiments in ISS very competently. In contrast people devaluated Yi's space experiments as below the level, though some of them are enough meaningful to be published on SCI journals. Why did the government fail to make people take Ms. Yi as an astronaut? I answer to this question using the notion of "Network Analysis" based on Actor-Network Theory(ANT).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.48
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• pp.183-196
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• 1999

The purpose of the Present research is to investigate the effect of fashion lifestyle on babies' clothing shopping attitude of housewives. In this study shopping attitude includes criteria for shop selection prefered types of shop and prefered shop atmosphere. Subjects are 447 housewives residing in Seoul Bundang Illsan and Pungchon and having child under 4 years old Data was analyzed by factor analysis cluster analysis analysis of variance and chi-square. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Housewives can be classified into four groups according to their fashion lifestyle the group of planned buying conservative/practical group the group of self-actualization/individuality and the high involved and care for shopping group. 2. Fashion lifestyle is different according to their age. The high involved and care for shopping group have the lager proportion in twenties than thirties. The conservative/practical group have a larger proportion in thirties. 3. The factors of shop selection which serve as criteria for shop the quality of service encironment anround shop quality of goods convenience to care about babies fashionable goods location of the shop and price of goods. The group of self actualization/personality prefers shops carrying fashionable and unique style of babies clothing and showing prestige. The conservative/practical group prefers shops carrying good quality clothing and having variety in size and design. The high involved and careful shopping group prefers shops having wide space as well as carrying fashionable goods. 4. Among the types of babies clothing shops. department stroe is the most preferred Low-price brand shop is followed by traditional open market. The conservative/practical group and the group of planned shopping use department strores national bran shops street shops and import shops more often than other groups. 5. The result of the study indicates there are considerable differences in housewives attitudes of babies clothing shopping acording to their own fashion lifestyle. Therefore the retailer of babies clothing should decide their marketing policy on the basis of the understanding and analysis of costomer's fashion lifestyle. And they have to reflect their costomer's shopping attitudes on their marketing policy to improve the satisfaction of both consumer and retailer as well.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to build user's psychological response process model on design evaluation. Users firstly evaluate design factors such as form, structure, texture and colors which are basic elements of product design. These factors, however are affected by product's situational factors, user's individual factors and environmental factors. That is, even same design can be evaluated differently by users according to product's situational factors such as price level, brand prestige level and marketing programs, and user's individual factors such as tastes, involvement level, personality, lifestyles and demographics, and environmental factors such as culture, sub-culture, social class, reference group and family and so on. Understanding how users evaluate product design is necessary to increase the possibility to create user-preferring design and also is the starting point of user-based design and design marketing. In the future researches, it is necessary to examine more factors which are not included in the study and to find out the relationship between factors affecting user's evaluation on design and user's psychological response.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.345-354
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• 2008

Objectives : Our objective is to review and summarize the previous studies on the health effects of exposure to oil spills in order to make suggestions for mid- and long-term study plans regarding the health effects of the Hebei Spirit oil spill occured in Korea. Methods : We searched PubMed to systemically retrieve reports on the human health effects related to oil spill accidents. The papers' reference lists and reviews on the topic were searched as well. Results : We found 24 articles that examined seven oil spill accidents worldwide over the period from 1989 to August 2008, including the Exxon Valdes, Braer, Sea Empress, Erika, Nakhodka, Prestige and Tasman Spirit oil spills. Most of the studies applied cross-sectional and short-term follow-up study designs. The exposure level was measured by assessing the place of residence, using a questionnaire and environmental and personal monitoring. Studies on the acute or immediate health effects mainly focused on the subjective physical symptoms related to clean-up work or residential exposure. Late or mid-term follow-up studies were performed to investigate a range of health effects such as pulmonary function and endocrine, immunologic and genetic toxicity. The economic and social impact of the accidents resulted in the socio-psychological exposure and the psychosocial health effects. Conclusions : Studies of the health effects of exposure to oil spills should consider a range of health outcomes, including the physical and psychological effects, and the studies should be extended for a considerable period of time to study the long-term chronic health effects.