• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

Atmospheric pressure plasma polishing (APPP) is a noncontact precision machining technology that uses low temperature plasma chemical reactions to perform atom-scale material removal. APPP is a complicated process, which is affected by many factors. Through a preliminary theoretical analysis and simulation, we confirmed that some of the key factors are the radio frequency (RF) power, the working distance, and the gas ratio. We studied the influence of the RF power and gas ratio on the removal rate using atomic emission spectroscopy, and determined the removal profiles in actual operation using a commercial form talysurf. The experimental results agreed closely with the theoretical simulations and confirmed the effect of the working distance. Finally, we determined the element compositions of the machined surfaces under different gas ratios using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the influence of the gas ratio in more detail. We achieved a surface roughness of Ra 0.6 nm on silicon wafers with a peak removal rate of approximately 32 $mm^{3}$/min.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.67.2-67.2
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• 2016

SPT-CL J2106-5844 is known to be one of the most massive galaxy clusters ($M_{200}{\sim}1.27{\times}10^{15}M_{sun}$) ever found at z > 1. Given its redshift (z ~ 1.132), the mass of this cluster estimated by Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray observation is too large compared with the current ${\Lambda}CDM$ cosmology prediction. Mass estimation from these methods can be biased because they require assumptions on hydrostatic equilibrium, which are not guaranteed to hold at such high redshift (about 40% of the current age of the Universe). Thus, we need to verify the mass of this interesting cluster using gravitational lensing, which does not require such assumptions. In this work, we present our preliminary result of dark matter mass and its spatial mass distribution of SPT-CL J2106-5844 using weak-lensing analysis based on HST optical/NIR deep imaging data. We compare mass estimates from different sources and discuss cosmological implications.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.193-207
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• 2022

Thermodynamically, TRUO_x, REO_x, and SrO_x can be chlorinated using ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) as a chlorinating agent, whereas uranium oxides (U₃O₈ and UO₂) remain in the oxide form. In the preliminary experiments of this study, U₃O₈ and CeO₂ are reacted separately with NH₄Cl at 623 K in a sealed reactor. CeO₂ is highly reactive with NH₄Cl and becomes chlorinated into CeCl₃. The chlorination yield ranges from 96% to 100%. By contrast, U₃O₈ remains as UO₂ even after chlorination. We produced U/REO_x- and U/SrO_x-simulated fuels to understand the chlorination characteristics of the oxide compounds. Each simulated fuel is chlorinated with NH₄Cl, and the products are dissolved in LiCl-KCl salt to separate the oxide compounds from the chloride salt. The oxide compounds precipitate at the bottom. The precipitate and salt phases are sampled and analyzed via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. The analysis results indicate that REO_x and SrO_x can be easily chlorinated from the simulated fuels; however, only a few of U oxide phases is chlorinated, particularly from the U/SrO_x-simulated fuels.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1989년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.9-12
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• 1989

A preliminary study has been conducted to demonstrate the effect of laser heat treatment on Ni Ti alloy dental arch wires ($0.016"\;{\times}\;0.022"$ and $0.018"\;{\times}\;0.026"$, rectangular shape). Changes in mechanical and thermal properties and surface morphologies are investigated by using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray microprobe analysis(EDX), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and micro hardness tester. The results indicate that the laser can affect the thermal equilibrium state of the localized surface. Titanium rich surface film is formed by the laser treatment. The surface film and rapidly resolidified underlying structures show better chemical resistance than the matrix material. Phase transition temperatures which are related to shape recovery temperatures are changed after laser treatment. Hardness of resolidified area and heat affected zone are lower than before treatment.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

The quinolinic acid(QA) phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase) (EC 2.4.2.19), is a key enzyme involved in NAD$\^$+/ biosynthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, The QAPRTase produces nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) from QA and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). For this reaction, the QA is decarboxylated (Fig.1). Produced NAMN is used to a synthesis of nicotinate adenine dinucleotide(NAD$\^$+/).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

The nickel and cobalt resistance of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 is mediated by the CnrCBA efflux pump encoded by the cnrYHXCBAT metal resistance determinant. The products of the three genes cnrYXH transcriptionally regulate expression of cnr. CnrY and CnrX are membrane-bound proteins, probably functioning as anti-sigma factors, whereas CnrH is a cnr-specific extracytoplasmic functions (ECF) sigma factor. The periplasmic domain of CnrX (residues 29-148) was cloned as a N-terminal His-tagged protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass was estimated to be about 13.6kDa by size exclusion chromatography, corresponding to a monomer. The tetragonal bipyramid crystals were obtained by mixing an equal volume of protein in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1% glycerol, 100mM NaCl, 1mM DTT, and the reservoir solution of 15% w/v PEG 2000, 100mM lithium chloride at 277K in 2-4 days using hanging drop vapor diffusion. The protein concentration was 24mg/ml. The crystal that diffracted to $2.42{\AA}$ resolution belongs to space group $P4_1\;or\;P4_3$ with unit cell parameters of $a=b=32.14{\AA},\;c=195.31{\AA},\;{\alpha}={\beta}={\gamma}=90^{\circ}$, with one molecule of CnrX in the asymmetric unit.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Mylar^{(R)}$ film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.369-372
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• 2007

O-Methyltransferases (OMTs), one of the ubiquitous enzymes in plants, bacteria, and humans, catalyze a methyl-transfer reaction using S-adenosylmethionine and a wide range of phenolics as a methyl donor and acceptor, respectively. Substrates for most bacterial OMTs have largely remained elusive, but recent investigation using BcOMT2, an OMT from Bacillus cereus, suggested that ortho-dihydroxyflavonoids could serve as substrates. To elucidate the functional and structural features of BcOMT2, we expressed, and purified BcOMT2, and crystallized an apoenzyme and its ternary complex in the presence of a flavonoid and S-adenosylhomocysteine. Each crystal diffracted to $1.8{\AA}$ with its space group of C2 and $P2_{1}2_{1}2_{1}$, respectively. Structural analysis of apo-BcOMT2 and its ternary complex will provide the structural basis of methyl transfer onto (iso)flavonoids in a regiospecific manner.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2001

Ultrasonic travel-times obtained with the LCR ultrasonic technique have shown an ability to distinguish among three aluminum plates. The 244$\times$150mm thick, but differ in heat treatment. One is fully annealed, the second is quenched and then tempered, and the third is heat-treated to T651 plate, as received plate. Travel-times were obtained at four locations on each side of all plates. The data for both sides of each plate clearly are in very close agreement except location 1 of each plate. In order to show travel-time variation throughout the plate areas, the average travel-time for both sides of each plate were calculated. For Plate 1, the travel-time data were the highest and the data of Plate, the travel-time data were the highest and the data of Plate 2 were upper than Plate 3. Finally, the residual stresses for each plate were measured by X-ray diffraction method. The results showed a good relation. These preliminary results indicate that the LCR Ultrasonic Technique may be not only further developed for use in quality control in the manufacture of rolled aluminum plates but also industry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.283-286
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• 2008

The methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (MTHFDC) from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum is a 30.6kDa molecular-mass enzyme that sequentially catalyzes the conversion of formyltetrahydrofollate to methylenetetrahydrofolate, with a preference for NADP as a cofactor, rather than NAD. In order to elucidate the functional and structural features of MTHFDC from archaeons at a molecular level, it was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized in the presence of its cofactor, NADP, at 295K using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 as a precipitant. The crystal is a member of the monoclinic space group $P2_1$, with the following unit cell parameters: $a=66.333{\AA},\;b=52.868{\AA},\;c=86.099{\AA},\;and\;{\beta}=97.570^{\circ}$, and diffracts to a resolution of at least $2.40{\AA}$ at the synchrotron. Assuming a dimer in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, the calculated Matthews parameter $(V_M)\;was\;2.44{\AA}^3/Da$ and the solvent content was 49.7%.