• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.643-657
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• 2021

In order to establish a strategy for revitalizing wood culture, a survey was conducted on the level of public awareness of wood culture and the experience of wood cultural resources by type. According to the survey, 31.4% of respondents had the images of cultural heritage such as palaces, temples, Hanoks, and cultural assets for wood cultural resources. The main reasons for having no image of wood cultural resources were the ambiguous concept and lack of interest in wood cultural resources. The importance of wood cultural resources classified into seven categories was in the order of cultural heritage, architecture of wood, cultural facilities, cultural festivals, wood products, cultural education, cultural contents. In the survey on the necessity and sufficiency of information on wood cultural resources, 46.7% of respondents needed more information to experience of wood cultural resources, while 64.8% of them had lacked information about wood cultural resources. More than half of the respondents wanted to experience of wood culture within next year, but about 20% of respondents participated in seven kinds of wood cultural resources, except wood products used in daily life. Based on these results, a systematic strategy should be developed to expand the opportunity for the public to experience of wood cultural resources and to promote them to public.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2021

Purpose: Variations in the preferred conservative and operative treatment methods for ankle arthritis may be observed in the practice of orthopedic surgeons. This study is based on the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) member survey and aims to report the current trend and changes in the management of ankle arthritis over the last few decades. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 24 questions was sent to all KFAS members in July 2021. The questions were mainly related to the preferred techniques and clinical experience in osteotomy, arthrodesis, and total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) for patients with ankle arthritis. Results: Sixty-three out of 550 surgeons (11.5%) responded to the survey. The responses to 6 out of the total of 24 questions (25.0%) achieved the levels needed to reflect a tendency. Answers that showed a tendency were related to the following: a surgical approach for arthrodesis (anterior approach), use of auto-bone graft for arthrodesis (iliac bone), a nonunion rate of more than 10% following arthrodesis, main reason related to unsatisfactory results after arthrodesis (nonunion or delayed union), the main reason to change total ankle prosthesis (unstable supply of prosthesis), the unusualness of revision TAA and conversion of fusion to TAA. Diversity was found in several aspects of treatment (degree of experience and satisfaction in supramalleolar osteotomy, fixation method for arthrodesis, preferred TAA prosthesis and longevity, degree of experinece, annual number of TAA operation. Conclusion: This study proposes updated information with regard to the current trends in the management of ankle arthritis in Korea. Both consensus and variations in the approach to patients with ankle arthritis were identified through this survey. With an increasing preference for TAA, the need for the development of a prosthesis optimized for Koreans and a stable supply of prostheses were the suggestions made by the study.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2021

The modern society is rapidly changing, and accordingly, the required teacher image is changing as well. Middle school students are immature, when they undergo major changes both physically and mentally, and teachers have a great influence. How students perceive the teacher determines the relationship between teachers and students. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze what kind of teacher image middle school students want. The purpose of this study is to analyze the image of a science teacher who prefers and avoids each class situation perceived by middle school students. To this end, 502 middle school students were divided into five classes: class type, class material presentation method, subject instruction method, subject content explanation method, and class atmosphere, and the image of science teacher who prefers and avoids is described in an open format. Concepts presented by middle school students were analyzed through semantic network analysis (SNA). The conclusions of this study are as follows: first, in order to make middle school students interested in science, an inquiry-centered experiment class should be conducted. Second, the change of class by science teacher can change it into preferred science class. Third, student-centered classes should be conducted according to the level so that students can understand. Finally, science teachers continue to strive through communication between science teachers and students, and students and students, and look forward to changes in science classes through this.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2021

When manufacturing Alaska pollack Gadus chalcogrammus surimi for 3D printing, it examined the characteristics of physical properties and sensuality by adding polysaccharides alginic acid [0, 1, 2, 3% (w/w)]. As a result of the color value of surimi by adding alginic acid, it showed that the lightness of heated surimi containing 2% (w/w) alginic acid was the highest and ∆E value was the lowest. In the changes in physical properties, the heated surimi of 3% (w/w) alginic acid content showed the lowest values of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience, but the highest adhesiveness. In the case of fried surimi, its hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience were the lowest at the content of 3% (w/w) alginic acid. After 7 days of cold storage, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of heated surimi with an alginic acid content of 2% (w/w) were significantly higher, and fried surimi was also the same. In the results of the sensory evaluation, there were significant differences according to the alginic acid content in hardness and fishy smell, and as the alginic acid content increased, it felt more fishy smell, resulting in poor preference.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.434-443
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze hotel chefs' perceptions of each type of leadership, to help improve teamwork and work efficiency through the improvement of job satisfaction and work skills by hotel cooks and the impact of leadership on human relations. In particular, by conducting Q methodological analysis on the subjectivity of the total chef's leadership type recognized by hotel chefs in vertical command systems according to the nature of the work in the hotel company. The analysis of leadership types showed that Type 1 (N=4): both transformative and servent leadership is a combination of preferences or non-preferences, Type 2 (N=4): transformative leadership preference, Type 3 (N=3): both transformative and non-preferred leadership. The leadership of the executive chef, recognized by hotel chefs, is believed to prefer leadership that is considered for individual situations that match each other's experiences and work skills (ability values) rather than uniform leadership such as transformational or servent leadership. Along with the theoretical discussion of Q methodology, the leadership type is explained, and based on the subjectivity research analysis method of Q analysis, the subjectivity of hotel chefs will be identified in various ways and new leadership will be presented.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.69-89
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine personal characteristics of two elementary students who developed individual interest in science. 201 students of two elementary schools in Seoul participated in questionnaire survey engaged in to investigate students' interest in science, engagements and preference in science-related-activities three times a year. This case study was conducted with seven students who showed typical types of interest in science. Students wrote a photo-journal for 12 weeks. They were interviewed every other week by a researcher. We analyzed two students who developed individual interest. It turns out that RF participated in doing experiments at home, and disassembling and assembling things. Participation of activities was a process of solving curiosity. When he was unable to solve problems, he searches the internet or books. Sometimes he would ask for help from his teacher. JW engaged in activities: drawing, doing experiments at home, and going to informal education center. She communicated with others by using online-offline media. Curious questions were solved by herself. The two students have a tendency to solve problems by themselves. Also, positive science-related activities were going on at home and in school. This study not only give insights and understanding of students who developed individual interest in science but also provide implication for educators to examine personal characteristics of students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the public cognition and information acquisition route for heavy metals and organic solvents in the general population in order to provide information for the development of public relations materials. Methods: The study was carried out by questionnaire from January to March 2011 by an interview with trained surveyors. There were 700 participants, divided by gender and age. A questionnaire was issued consisting of subjective and objective cognition evaluation items and questions about information acquisition route and preferred information acquisition route for six heavy metals and five organic solvents. Data were expressed as a percentage using the SPSS 23.0 software package. Result: For heavy metals, subjective and objective cognition degrees were higher in the order of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. They were higher among males than females, and in adults compared to school-age subjects. For organic solvents, both cognition degrees were high in the order of acetone, benzene, and formaldehyde. However, cognition degree by gender and age showed a complex pattern. As a response to information acquisition route, broadcast media had the highest in all ages and genders, followed by word of mouth from neighbors in elementary school children, school education or expert lectures in middle and high school students up to people in their 30s, and print media among those in their 40s to over 60s. There was no difference in the order by gender. As a response to preference for information acquisition route, broadcast media also proved the highest in all ages and genders, followed by school education or professional lectures among those in elementary school and over their 60s, and the internet in other age groups. Females preferred school education or expert lectures and word of mouth from neighbors, while males preferred the internet. In the case of the internet, the ranking was higher for preferred information acquisition route compared with the ranking for information acquisition route. Conclusions: This data on cognition degree, information acquisition route, and preferred information acquisition route according to gender and age can provide basic data for the development of educational and promotional materials for heavy metals and organic solvents exposure management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.707-725
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• 2021

Energy management systems (EnMS) contribute to sustainable energy saving and greenhouse gas reduction by emphasizing the role of energy management in production-oriented economies. Although understanding the methods used to measure energy performance is a key factor in constructing successful EnMS, few attempts have been made to examine these methods, their applicability, and their utility in practice. To fill this research gap, this study aimed to deepen the understanding of energy performance measures by focusing on four energy performance indicators (EnPIs) proposed by ISO 50006, namely the measured energy value, ratio between measured values, linear regression model, and nonlinear regression model. This paper presents policy and managerial implications to facilitate the effective use of these measures. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis was conducted with 41 experts to analyze the preference for EnPIs and their key selection criteria by the industry sector, and organization and user type. The findings suggest that the most preferred EnPI is the ratio between the measured values followed by the measured energy value. The ease of use was considered to be most important while choosing EnPIs.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.308-320
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• 2021

Conventional image quality studies have been focused on 'naturalness' and has relied on memory color. Memory colors are mainly formed for familiar objects with prior experience, and the more faithfully these memories are reflected, the more naturalness of the reproduced image quality increases. In particular, the brightness and saturation of memory colors play an important role in increasing the preference of image quality as well as naturalness. Therefore, in the case of existing image quality studies, image quality characteristics were studied focusing on natural objects and people with memory. We extracted representative images of each genre (sports, documentaries, news, entertainment and music, and movies), adjusted the brightness, contrast, and saturation of each image, and conducted an experiment to evaluate perceived quality. Based on situational context, the results of this classification indicated that genres of television content can be divided into two categories: proximate and indirect experiences. Proximate experience best characterizes outdoor sports, dramas, and nature documentaries, where their image qualities have shown to have a strong correlation with brightness and contrast. On the other hand, indirect experience best characterizes news, music shows and SF/action movies. The image quality perception for indirect experiences was shown to be closely related to and optimized by contrast and saturation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.542-549
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide an economical and easy preparation method for recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) without the need for an expensive enzyme to cleave the fusion part. However, the N-terminal fusion part is still useful for affinity chromatography. The hEGF is an important hormone in cell growth and proliferation in humans, and many studies on the expression and purification of this protein have been reported. In the present study, the hEGF gene was designed to be optimized with the E. coli codon usage preference and to contain Asn-Gly at the N-terminus of the protein. The gene was inserted into pRSET_A, an E. coli expression vector, and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant fusion protein was successfully co-expressed with pG-Tf2, a chaperone vector, in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA column chromatography. The rhEGF was then released by hydroxylamine treatment and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. ELISA analysis showed that the activity of the free rhEGF was more than 92% similar to that of commercial EGF. The biological activity of the rhEGF was confirmed by a cell proliferation test with human skin fibroblasts.