• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.827-838
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• 2021

The dynamic displacement is considered to be an important indicator of structural safety, and becomes an indispensable part of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for high-speed railway bridges. This paper proposes an indirect strain based dynamic displacement reconstruction methodology for high-speed railway box girders. For the typical box girders under eccentric train load, the plane section assumption and elementary beam theory is no longer applicable due to the bend-torsion coupling effects. The monitored strain was decoupled into bend and torsion induced strain, pre-trained multi-output support vector regression (M-SVR) model was employed for such decoupling process considering the sensor layout cost and reconstruction accuracy. The decoupled strained based displacement could be reconstructed respectively using box girder plate element analysis and mode superposition principle. For the transformation modal matrix has a significant impact on the reconstructed displacement accuracy, the modal order would be optimized using particle swarm algorithm (PSO), aiming to minimize the ill conditioned degree of transformation modal matrix and the displacement reconstruction error. Numerical simulation and dynamic load testing results show that the reconstructed displacement was in good agreement with the simulated or measured results, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.706-708
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• 2023

In this study, we embark on a journey to uncover the essence of emotions by exploring the depths of transfer learning on three pre-trained transformer models. Our quest to classify five emotions culminates in discovering the KLUE (Korean Language Understanding Evaluation)-BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) model, which is the most exceptional among its peers. Our analysis of F1 scores attests to its superior learning and generalization abilities on the experimental data. To delve deeper into the mystery behind its success, we employ the powerful SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) method to unravel the intricacies of the KLUE-BERT model. The findings of our investigation are presented with a mesmerizing text plot visualization, which serves as a window into the model's soul. This approach enables us to grasp the impact of individual tokens on emotion classification and provides irrefutable, visually appealing evidence to support the predictions of the KLUE-BERT model.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

딥러닝 기술의 발전으로 가상 현실이나 증강 현실 응용에서 사용하기 적절한 사용자 친화적 인터페이스에 관한 연구가 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 본 논문은 사용자의 손을 이용한 인터페이스를 지원하기 위하여 손 끝 좌표를 추적하여 가상의 객체를 선택하거나, 공중에 글씨나 그림을 작성하는 행위가 가능하도록 딥러닝 기반 손 끝 객체 탐지 방법을 제안한다. 입력 영상에서 Grad-CAM으로 해당 손 끝 객체의 대략적인 부분을 잘라낸 후, 잘라낸 영상에 대하여 Atrous Convolution을 이용한 합성곱 신경망을 수행하여 손 끝의 위치를 찾는다. 본 방법은 객체의 주석 전처리 과정을 별도로 요구하지 않으면서 기존 객체 탐지 알고리즘 보다 간단하고 구현하기에 쉽다. 본 방법을 검증하기 위하여 Air-Writing 응용을 구현한 결과 평균 81%의 인식률과 76 ms 속도로 허공에서 지연 시간 없이 부드럽게 글씨 작성이 가능하여 실시간으로 활용 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2019

Pre-tensioned rock bolts can be classified into fully anchored, lengthening anchored and point anchored bolts based on the bond length of the resin or cement mortar inside the borehole. Bolts in varying anchoring methods may significantly affect the supporting effect of surrounding rock around a tunnel. However, thus far, the theoretical basis of selecting a proper anchoring method has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on this problem, 16 schemes were designed while incorporating the effects of anchoring length, pretension, bolt length, and spacing, and a systematic numerical experiment was performed in this paper. The distribution characteristics of the stress field in the surrounding rock, which corresponded to various anchoring scenarios, were obtained. Furthermore, an analytical approach for computing the active and passive strengthening index of the anchored surrounding rock is presented. A new fully anchoring method with pretension and matching technology are also provided. Then, an isolated loading model of the anchored surrounding rock was constructed. The physical simulation test for the bearing capacity of the model was performed with three schemes. Finally, the strengthening mechanism of varying anchoring methods was validated. The research findings in this paper may provide theoretical guidelines for the design and construction of bolting support in tunnels.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.169-189
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• 2015

Detection of anomalous events from video streams is a challenging problem in many video surveillance applications. One such application that has received significant attention from the computer vision community is traffic video surveillance. In this paper, a Lossy Count based Sequential Temporal Pattern mining approach (LC-STP) is proposed for detecting spatio-temporal abnormal events (such as a traffic violation at junction) from sequences of video streams. The proposed approach relies mainly on spatial abstractions of each object, mining frequent temporal patterns in a sequence of video frames to form a regular temporal pattern. In order to detect each object in every frame, the input video is first pre-processed by applying Gaussian Mixture Models. After the detection of foreground objects, the tracking is carried out using block motion estimation by the three-step search method. The primitive events of the object are represented by assigning spatial and temporal symbols corresponding to their location and time information. These primitive events are analyzed to form a temporal pattern in a sequence of video frames, representing temporal relation between various object's primitive events. This is repeated for each window of sequences, and the support for temporal sequence is obtained based on LC-STP to discover regular patterns of normal events. Events deviating from these patterns are identified as anomalies. Unlike the traditional frequent item set mining methods, the proposed method generates maximal frequent patterns without candidate generation. Furthermore, experimental results show that the proposed method performs well and can detect video anomalies in real traffic video data.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권9호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2001

최근 웹 기술의 확산과 정보기술의 발달로 교육분야에서 컴퓨터의 가치는 더욱 높아지고 있으며, 기존의 교실위주의 수업보다 시간적 공간적 제약을 덜 받게 되는 WBI(Web Based Instruction)는 무한한 발전 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 하지만 기존의 WBI에서는 교수가 수업 평가 후 학생에게 수업의 결과를 알려주는 형식이었고, 또한 학습자에게는 일률적으로 평가가 적용되어 학생의 수준에 맞는 수업을 할 수가 없었으며, 교수의 입장에서도 학생들의 평가 결과가 수업의 질을 높이거나 내용을 변경시킬 적당한 근거 제시의 어려움을 가지고 있었다. 본 논문에서는 수준별 학습을 위한 단계별 예비 테스트와 학습 후 다양한 방법으로 테스트의 평가내용을 시각적으로 제시하고, 또한 교수가 평가의 준거를 입력하고 학습자의 평가결과와 교수의 평가준거를 비교할 수 있는 교수지원 컴포넌트를 설계 구현한다. 이는 체계적인 평가 방법론이 되고 학습의 패러다임을 바꾸거나 과목을 변경할 경우, 그 결과에 따라 교수 방법의 변화나 수업내용을 변경하고자할 때 용이하다. 또한 유사한 다른 패러다임의 WBI 시스템에서도 이미 개발된 컴포넌트를 사용함으로써, 유사 응용 시스템의 개발 시 제시된 컴퍼넌트 사용의 용이성과 이식성, 재사용성을 높일 수 있게 한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2021

2016년 "주택법 일부개정 법률안"과 "2018년 주거 종합수정계획" 이후 공동주택의 선분양 제도와 후분양 제도의 관심이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 공동주택의 선분양제도와 후분양제도의 장·단점을 비교하고, 후분양제도의 제도정책 기반을 수립하기 위해서 공공측면에서 공동주택의 입주자를 대상으로 설문 조사기법을 사용하고, 시간과 비용의 문제를 시계열 분석방법으로 분담금 납입 적정 시기를 제안하고자 한다. 이에 따라 기존이론과 문헌고찰을 통해서 공공기관과 민간기관의 후분양제도를 정리하고, 설문조사를 통해서 분양금 확보경로, 모델하우스의 제품정보, 후분양제도의 효과에 대한 인식도를 조사하였다. 후분양 기금지원 및 납부방식을 사용자 입장에서 기금융자 상한선을 높일 필요가 있고, 지역별 분양시장의 경제력을 고려한 운영이 필요하다. 60% 후분양과 80% 후분양 모두 1,000만원까지 수용가격대가 형성되어있고, 총 이율 환산 시 5.0%, 연리로는 60% 후분양 시 약 2.8%, 80% 후분양에서 약 2.1% 수준이므로 현행 3.1% 보다 낮은 이율이 필요하다. 연구는 공공기관 후분양아파트 입주자 표본 총 5,213가구를 대상으로 하는 인식조사로서 시장수급과 시장가격의 영향 등에 대한 시계열을 사용하여 실제 값을 분석한 자료이므로 민간공동주택 입주 예정자에 적용하는데 한계가 있다. 또한 최초입주자의 응답을 위해 최근 5년 내 입주한 5개 단지를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 향후 조사 표본을 확대한다면 민간시장 가격에 일반화가 가능할 것이다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2015

Purpose : This study examines the effect of vibration exercise grafting PNF patterns for 6 weeks on upper body stability and equilibrium for seniors having fifteen or over of MMSE-K. Method : A total of 10 senior citizens participated in this study. Each participant performed PNF patterned exercises using vibration sports equipment for 30 minutes, once static a week, for six weeks. We measured trunk stability and balance degree before and after the six-week exercise program. Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) was used to measure trunk stability, while Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) was used to measure balance degree. The collected data was processed using paired t-test to confirm the difference between pre-program conditions and post-program conditions. Results: The results of our study show that post-program trunk stability measurements increased when compared to pre-program data; however, this increase was not statistically significant. pre and post-measurements for satatic balance and dynamic balance were statistically unchanged. Conclusion: Due to limitations in the number of participants, the procedural design of this experiment, and the limited amount of time participants actually controlled, this study failed to produce statistically significant results. However, further study should be conducted using a systematically implemented exercise program to show support for exercising with flexi-bar as an effective program for the elderly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.324-340
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• 1990

Support has always been considered an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of supportive nursing or meaningful supportive behaviors. Clarification of the concept, support in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses on nursing behaviors that are effective in providing support and on understanding the relevant properties and charcteristics of the concept, supportive nursing care. The objectives of the study were : 1. to analyse the concept, support in nursing, in order to provide a definition of supportive nursing care, and 2. to operationalize the definition of supportive nursing care and use it as an experimental nursing intervention for patients with low back pain. The first part of the study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1983) to define the concept of supportive nursing care. The properties of supportive nursing care, defined by this analysis, included perception of supportive need, reciprocal interaction(Transaction), listening, providing empathy and information related to health, and confirmation of the patient's verbal and non - verbal response. The second part, the experimental part of the study, was done using King's(1970) Interpersonal Theory for Nursing. The concept, supportive nursing care, as defined in the concept analysis was operationalized and used as the experimental intervention. The experiment tested the effectiveness of the independent variable, supportive nursing care on the dependent variables, depression, mood and patient satisfaction, in the patients with low back pain in army hospitals. The instruments used to measure the dependent variables were Zung's(1965) Self- Rating Depression Scale, Ryman and Colleagues'(1974) Mood Questionnaire and LaMonica and Colleagues'(1986) Patient Satisfaction Scale. The experimental design used for this study was a Solomon 4 group experimental design. This design has the strength of allowing for observation of the main effects of supportive nursing care and pretesting, and for observation of the interaction effects of pretesting and supportive nursing care. The design includes one experimental group and three control groups. The Subjects of this study were 150 young male patients with low back pain on Neuro - Surgical Wards in three general army hospitals. There were 35 in the experimental group, 39 in the pre - posttest control group, 36 in the treatment - posttest control group and 40 in the posttest only control group. Supportive nursing care, as operationalized by the researcher according to the concept analysis, was given to the patients in the experimental group and the treatment -posttest control group, individually for 30 minute sessions, every other day for 5 days. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. The data were collected in a pretest one week before the supportive nursing care sessions, a posttest immediately after the sessions and follow- up test one week later. Hypotheses testing was done using 2×2 factorial analysis of variance and Meta analysis(Stouffer's Z method). The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Hypothesis Ⅰ, “There will be a difference on depression level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝8.49, p＜.05). 2. Hypothesis Ⅱ, “There will be a difference on mood level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who to not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (Z meta＝2.17, p＜.05). 3. Hypothesis Ⅲ, “There will be a difference on satisfaction level between the patients with low back pain who receive supportive nursing care and those who do not receive supportive nursing care”, was supported (F＝13.67, p＜.05). 4. ANOVA, done to examine the interaction effect of history and maturation, showed no significant difference on the dependent variables between the observations of the pretest scores of the experimental group, the pretest scores of the pre- posttest control group and the posttest score of the posttest only control group. 5. To test for continuing effect of supportive nursing care, paired t-test was done to compare the scores for the dependent variables at the posttest and at the one week later follow-up test. No significant difference on the scores for the dependent variables was found between the posttest scores and the follow-up test scores for the two groups that received supportive nursing care, the experimental group and the treatment-posttest control group. In conclusion, it was found that in the case of young soldiers with low back pain in army hospitals, their depression level was decreased, their mood state was changed positively and their satisfaction level was increased by receiving supportive nursing care. Further, the effectiveness of the supportive nursing care lasted for at least one week in this study. The significance of this study to nursing is in the analysis of the concept of supportive nursing care and the demonstration of the effectiveness of supportive nursing care as an intervention within the limits of the study.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.1191-1200
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• 2009

그리드 데이터 베이스에서 복제본 데이터는 응용 서비스 제공을 위한 기반 정보로서 활용되며, 응용 서비스의 종류, 정보의 특성에 따라 각각의 복제본에 대한 접근 빈도에 차이가 발생한다. 특히 많은 노드에 복제본이 저장됨으로 인해 그리드 컴퓨팅 환경에서의 각각의 복제본을 관리하는 연구가 계속 되고 있다. 그의 일환으로 접근 빈도를 기반으로 한 데이터 갱신 기법이 있으며, 복제본 노드의 접근 빈도를 기반으로 데이터를 갱신한다. 하지만 동적인 접근에 대한 고려가 부족하여 그리드 환경에는 부적합하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 갱신 정보를 관리하기 위한 동적 접근 빈도 트리를 이용한 갱신 기법을 제안한다. 동적 접근 빈도 트리는 접근 빈도를 통하여 미리 각 노드를 그룹단위로 묶어 트리를 구축하며, 또한 트리의 불균형으로 인하여 성능이 저하되는 것을 방지한다. 제안 기법은 성능평가를 통해 빠른 갱신을 보임으로써 기존의 기법에 비하여 향상된 성능을 보인다.