• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Objectives The relationship between metabolic syndrome causes and bone mineral density (BMD) was explored by taking 60 female chronic low back pain patients with age 61 years old or elder having metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis as study subjects. Methods Fasting blood glucose, serum total-cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL were measured by biochemical tests. Anthropometric elements and blood pressure were measured. Results Average BMD and T-score of part number 1 to 3 of lumbar vertebra were estimated by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). In order to find the relationship between clinical factors and osteoporosis, correlation analysis was done on T-score. Age (r=0.679, p<0.01) had significant negative correlation and weight (r=0.342, p<0.01) and height (r=0.475, p<0.01) had significant positive correlation. Blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and body mass index did not have significant correlation. BMD had negative correlation with age (r=0.317, p<0.05). Regression analysis was done by taking T-score as independent variables and taking other factors as dependent variables. It was possible to know that age ($\beta$=-0.471, t=-7.050) with p<0.001, height ($\beta$=0.277, t=4.120) and weight ($\beta$=2.856, t=2.780) with p<0.05 have significant impact on osteoporosis. Conclusions Therefore, it was possible to know that T-score and BMD decrease as one gets older and T-score and BMD increase as one is taller and heavier.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the association of metabolic syndrome and Vitamin D in Korean adults. The study subjects were Korean menopausal woman (n=4,340) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2012. After adjusting for factors such as age, body mass index, total cholesterol, smoking, and regular exercise, the mean 25(OH)D levels ($M{\pm}SE$) decreased with increasing metabolic syndrome score (MSS) (MSS 0, $18.18{\pm}0.29ng/Ml$; MSS 1, $18.09{\pm}0.21ng/mL$; MSS 2, $18.07{\pm}0.19ng/mL$; MSS 3, $18.04{\pm}0.21ng/mL$; MSS ${\geq}4$, $17.27{\pm}0.23ng/mL$), and the mean 25(OH)D level ($M{\pm}SE$) for metabolic syndrome ($17.66{\pm}0.16ng/mL$) decreased in comparison to non-metabolic syndrome ($18.11{\pm}0.14ng/mL$). In conclusion, our results suggest that an increase in metabolic syndrome score or metabolic syndrome are inversely associated with the vitamin D levels.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.268-281
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• 1997

This study was done for the purpose of analysing the relationship between menopausal syndrome and depression in the pre and post menopausal women's group. Data were collected by a questionnaire from November, 1995 to December, 1996. The subject were 244 midlife women(94 subjects were in pre-menopausal period, 150 subject were in post-menopausal period). The instruments used for this study were the menopausal syndrome scale by Neugarton and depression scale by Zung. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/PC using frequency, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The most serious menopausal symptom in the midlife women was 'back pain and joint pain'. 2. The item of 'Hot flush'(t=-2.78, p<0.01), 'sweating'(t=-2.31, p<0.05) and 'nervousness'(t=-2.13, p<0.05) as menopausal syndromes were statistically significant in the two groups ; Post menopausal group were higher then premenopausal group. 3. Postmenopausal group were a little higher then premenopausal group as depression level. It was none statistically significant in the two groups. 4. The relationship between menopausal syndromes and the level of depression was statistically significant in the group of post-menopausal group(r=0.2083, p<0.01).

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-96
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was to investigate clinical usage of Guibi-tang based on actual application in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: This study investigated the number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang-gami-bang and what herbal medicines were adjusted according to their chief complaint from January 1st, 2007 to August 31th, 2008. Results: The number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang for obstetrics and gynecological diseases at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was 721. Guibi-tang has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, postpartum general weakness, postpartum pantalgia, perimenopausal symptoms and postmenopausal syndrome most frequently. And Guibi-tang has been widely used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases such as general weakness after abortion or gynecological surgery, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, endometriosis, infertility, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence and breast disease. Conclusions: Guibi-tang can be used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases as described in classical oriental medicine literatures, and it is necessary to research clinical usage of Guibi-tang through randomized controlled trial.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2010

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that predominantly affects adult men than women. However, the prevalence in women increases with menopause dramatically. Menopause has long been described as a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea. Recent large well-designed population studies support that menopause increases the risk for sleep-disordered breathing. The mechanism of that hypothesis is not yet clear. But, the decline in progesterone has been thought to influence the development of obstructive sleep apnea because progesterone is a respiratory stimulant and plays a protective role against sleep apnea. Increased visceral obesity and hypertension as major symptoms of metabolic syndrome are also associated with menopause and place women at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea and other serious health problem. Hormone replacement therapy has been associated with a lower prevalence of sleep apnea. But, relative risk and benefits of hormone replacement therapy compared with other treatment options will require thorough consideration for each individual woman. Finally, attention should be drawn to the need for obstructive sleep apnea evaluation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.120-123
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• 2020

The causes of tongue pain and discomfort include systemic disease, malnutrition, mental illness, fungal infection, and neuropathy. Three postmenopausal women reported burning sensations and stiffness of the tongue for various periods, from one month to four years. There were no objective etiological factors to cause the tongue pain and discomfort. Muscular tenderness upon palpation of masticatory muscles, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and tongue were observed. Physical therapy approaches such as moist hot pack, ultrasound, and myomonitor were performed on three patients with tongue pain, just as for temporomandibular joint disease. Additional botulinum toxin injection therapy was applied to one patient who displayed a clenching habit. All three patients showed a marked improvement in their tongue symptoms after the muscle relaxation and botulinum toxin injection therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2017

To investigate whether genistein regulates menopause-induced obesity, it was studied the effects of genistein on anti-obesity effects in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women. 7-week-old female mice (C57BL/6J) were randomly divided into three groups. All the animals received a high fat diet or a high fat diet supplemented with genistein for 8 weeks and variables and determinants of obesity were measured. The OVX mice had significantly higher body weight and adipose tissue mass than sham mice. However, genistein supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size of OVX mice. The OVX mice treated with genistein had significantly lower levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol than the vehicle-treated OVX mice. Lipid accumulation in liver was also markedly decreased by genistein in OVX mice. The results suggest that genistein can effectively prevent adiposity, adipocyte phertrophy, and llipid disorders caused by ovariectomy. Moreover, this study may contribute to the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and hyerlipidemia in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.874-883
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• 2018

Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the risk of fracture by decreasing the mass and strength of bone. It is caused by imbalance of osteoclast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption. Bone formation by osteoblast is activated via bone morphogenetic proteins and runt-related transcription factor 2. $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling and bone resorption by osteoclast are initiated by the binding of receptor activator of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ligand and receptor activator of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$. Menopausal women are at risk for many diseases due to hormonal imbalances, and osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disorder in 30% of postmenopausal women. When estrogen is deficient, bone resorption of osteoclasts is promoted, and the risk of osteoporosis especially increases in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy has been widely used to relieve or treat the symptoms of menopausal syndrome. However, long-term administration of hormone therapy has been associated with a high risk of side effects, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Recently, phytochemicals have been actively studied as a phytoestrogen, which has an estrogen-like activity to cope with symptoms of menopausal syndrome. Therefore, in this review, we investigated the differentiation mechanism of osteoblast and osteoclast and the role of estrogen and phytoestrogen in bone metabolism in relation to previous studies.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.176-184
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• 2002

Objective; Antistress effect of Korean red ginseng (RG) on postmenopausal women with severe climacteric syndrome (CS) were evaluated from the viewpoint of traditional KAMPO-medicine and Western medicine. Methods; All patients with CS were treated with daily oral administration of 6g RG for 30 days. Nine patients with CS were evaluated with the use of diagnostic scores for KI-deficiency (deficiency of vital energy) and OKETSU (blood stagnation) syndrome from the viewpoint of KAMPa-medicine. In the same patients with CS, peripheral blood levels of $\beta$-endorphin and total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (t-PAI-1) were measured before and after treatment with RG. In another group, 12 patients with CS, psychological test using CMI, STAI and SDS were performed from the viewpoint of Western medicine. Stress related hormones, such as ACTH, cortisol and DHEA-S in those 12 patients with CS were also measured before and after treatment with RG. Results; KI-deficiency score and OKETSU score in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those in patients without CS. After treatment with RG, both scores were markedly (p<0.001) decreased compared to before treatment with RG. ${\beta}-endorphin$ levels in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in patients without CS. Total PAI-I levels in patients with CS were increased before treatment with RG. No significant difference, however, were observed between patients with and without CS. After treatment with RG, both levels of ${\beta}-endorphin$ and total PAI-l in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) decreased compared to before treatment with RG. CMI and STAI scores in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in patients without CS. SDS scores in patients with CS were also markedly (p<0.001) higher than in those without CS. After treatment with RG, all scores decreased within normal range. DHEA-S levels in patients with CS were about a half of those without CS. Consequently, cortisol/DHEA-S (C/D) ratio was significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients with CS than in those without CS. Although the decreased DHEA-S levels were not restored to the levels in patients without CS, the C/D ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment with RG. Conclusion; Reinforcement of vital energy and improvement of stagnant blood circulations by oral administration of RG were elucidated from the viewpoint of traditional KAMPO-medicine. From the viewpoint of Western medicine, effect of RG on postmenopausal women with CS seemed to be brought about in part by not only an improvement of psychoneuroendocrine dysfunctions but also an amelioration of blood coagulation systems.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2011

Elevated serum concentration of inflammation markers is known as an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MS) and dietary intake is an important factor to control MS. The purpose of this study was to investigated the hypothesis that inflammatory indices are associated with dietary intake and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) in subjects with MS. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 men and 73 postmenopausal women with MS, defined by three or more risk factors of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin were examined and nutrients intake and DQI-I were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The total DQI-I score was significantly higher in female subjects ($65.87{\pm}9.86$) than in male subjects ($62.60{\pm}8.95$). There was a positive association between hs-CRP and polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05) and a negative association between adiponectin and lipid (p < 0.05), total sugar (p < 0.01), and total fatty acids (p < 0.05). When the subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin and hs-CRP level, there was no association between DQI-I score and hs-CRP levels. Moderation score of DQI-I was significantly higher in highest quintile group than the lower quintile groups. Therefore, our results provide some evidence that dietary intake and diet quality are associated with inflammation markers and dietary modification might be a predictor to decrease risk for metabolic syndrome complications. However further research is needed to develop the dietary quality index reflecting the inflammatory change by considering the dietary habit and pattern of Koreans.