• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.50-59
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• 2000

In this paper, a new preprocessing method is proposed to speedup the watershed-based image segmentation In the proposed method, the gradient correction values of ramp edges are calculated from the positions and width of the ramp edges using Laplacian operator, and then, unlike the conventional method in which the monoscale or multi scale gradient image is directly used as a reference iImage, the reference image is obtained by adding the threshold value to each position of the ramp edges in the monoscale gradient image And the marker image is reconstructed on the reference image by erosion By preprocessing the image for the watershed transformation in such a manner, we can reduce the oversegmentations far more than those of applying the conventional morphological filter to the simple monoscale or multiscale gradient-based reference image Thus, we can reduce the total image segmentation time by reducing the time of postprocessing of region merging, which consumes most of the processing time In the watershed-based image segmentation, Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can speedup the total image segmentation about twice than those of the conventional methods, without the loss of ramp edges and principal edges around the dense-edge region.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2005

This study was performed to analyze the sequence variation in mtDNA D-loop and their effects on milk and milk fat production in Holstein cows. The analyzed sequences were compared with previously published sequences from other cattle breeds (GenBank J01394). PCR was performed to amplify a total of 964 bp between nucleotide 15758 and 383 within D-loop region of mtDNA using specific primers. Thirty five polymorphic sites by nucleotide substitution were found in mtDNA. The frequencies of positions at 106, 169, 16057, 16231 and 16255 nt with high levels of sequence polymorphism were 0.090, 0.555, 0.055, 0.090 and 0.050, respectively. The substitution effect at 169 nt was found significant on milk production, and substitution effect at 16118, 16139 and 16302 nt was highly significant (p<0.1) on milk fat production. Polymorphism of mtDNA sequence in D-loop region might be useful for the analysis of cytoplasmic genetic variation and associations with the other economically important traits and maternal lineage analysis in Holstein cows.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.69-77
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• 2000

In this paper, the effects of the positions of the potential and current probes on the measurements of the ground resistance and potential gradients with the fall-of-potential method are described and the testing techniques to minimize the measuring errors are proposed. The fall-of-potential method is theoretically based on the potential and current measuring principle and the measuring error is primarily caused by the position and ground resistance of the measuring probes. The ground resistance is calculated by applying the 61.8% and rule in the fall-of-potential method, and then the potential probe is located on the straight line between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe. However, sometimes the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring probes in on-site test might not be arranged on the straight line with adequate distance because there are building, road block, construction and other establishments. Provided that the grounding electrode to be measured and the measuring probes ar out of position on the straight line or have inadequate distance, the measurement of the ground resistance classically falls into an error and the measured ground resistance should be corrected. Measurements were focused on the grounding electrode system made by the ground rods of 2.4m long. It was found that the suitable separation between the grounding electrode to be measured and the current probe is more than 5 times of the length of the grounding electrode to be measured.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.2
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• pp.20-30
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• 1999

We have made the single side hand filter for the dual channel receiver which is a heterodyne receiver to observe the cosmic radio waves with 100GHz band ranged from 85GHz to 115GHz and 150GHz band ranged from 125GHz to 175GHz simultaneously. We have introduced the filter theory using the principle of the Martion-Puplett interferometer, which has the characteristics of rotated polarization. To reduce the loss of the transmission and beam coupling which are caused from the path difference associated with the intermediate frequency the design and the implementation have been intensely considered. The receiver needs two filters with different characteristics each other. Because each of them has the optimum positions as a function frequency at which the signal frequency is fed to mixer and the image frequency is rejected to the image termination load. The intermediate frequency and its band width have been also evaluated. We have measured the property of two filters using the vector network analyser and the beam measurement system which is made by us. The responses of the filter as a function of the position and the frequency are compared with the theory. It is shown that not only the measured values are very close to the theoretical values, but also the image rejection ratios are better than 22dB for both filters. Through successful observation using a dual channel receiver with two manufactured filters, the performance of the filters has finally verified.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1992

Increasing frequency of skin cancer, mycosis fungoides, Kaposi's sarcoma etc, it need to treatment dose planning for total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy. Appropriate treatment planning for TSEB therapy is needed to give homogeneous dose distribution throughout the entire skin surface. The energy of 6 MeV electron from the 18 MeV medical linear accelerator was adapted for superficial total skin electron beam therapy. The energy of the electron beam was reduced to 4.2 MeV by a $0.5\;cm\times90\;cm{\times}180\;cm$ acryl screen placed in a feet front of the patient. Six dual field beam was adapted for total skin irradiation to encompass the entire body surface from head to toe simultaneously. The patients were treated behind the acryl screen plate acted as a beam scatterer and contained a parallel-plate shallow ion chamber for dosimetry and beam monitoring. During treatment, the patient was placed in six different positions due to be homogeneous dose distribution for whole skin around the body. One treatment session delivered 400 cGy to the entire skin surface and patients were treated twice a week for eight consecutive weeks, which is equivalent to TDF value 57. instrumentation and techniques developed in determining the depth dose, dose distribution and bremsstrahlung dose are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.202-206
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• 2014

In order to investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of $V_2O_5$ films, amorphous and crystalline films were prepared by using RF sputtering system, and the PL spectra of the films were measured at the temperatures ranging from 300 K to 10 K. In the amorphous $V_2O_5$ film grown at room temperature, a PL peak centered at ~505 nm was only observed, and in the crystalline $V_2O_5$ film, two peaks centered at ~505 nm and ~695 nm, which is known to correspond to oxygen defects, were revealed. The position of PL peak centered at 505 nm for both the amorphous and crystalline $V_2O_5$ films showed a strong dependence on temperature, and the positions were 2.45 eV at 300 K and 2.35 eV at 10 K, respectively. The PL at 505 nm was due to the band energy transition in $V_2O_5$, and also, the reduction of the peak position energy with decreasing temperature was caused by a decrement of the lattice dilatation effect with reducing electron-phonon interaction.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.935-942
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• 2002

Gallium-doped ZnO (GZO) films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrate without heating using Ne, Ar, or Kr gas. Electrical properties of GZO films deposited at various total gas pressures were investigated for the film positions corresponding to the erosion region (region B) and outside the erosion region (region A) of the target. Region B showed high resistivity, which was attributed to the decrease in carrier density and Hall mobility, compared to region A. GZO films deposited using Ne gas showed the degradation in resistivity and crystallinity, whereas, GZO films deposited using Kr gas showed the improvement in resistivity and crystallinity. This degradation in film properties could be attributed to the film damage caused by the bombardment of high-energy particles. Especially, the energies of recoiled neutral atoms ($Ne^0,\;Ar^0,\;Kr^0$) calculated by Monte Carlo simulation corresponded to experimental results.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.573-578
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• 2008

Recently, we should control various devices such as TV, audio, DVD player, video player, and set-top box simultaneously to manipulate home theater system. To execute the function the user want in this situation, user should know functions and positions of the buttons in several remote controllers. Normally, people feel difficult due to these realistic problems. Besides, the number of the devices that we can control shall increase, and people will confuse more if the ubiquitous home environment is realized. Therefore, user adaptive interface that provides the summarized functions is required. Moreover there can be a lot of mobile and stationary controller devices in ubiquitous computing environment, so user interface should be adaptive in selecting the functions that user wants and in adjusting the features of UI to fit in specific controller. To implement the user and controller adaptive interface, we modeled the ubiquitous home environment and used modeled context and device information. We have used Bayesian network to get the degree of necessity in each situation. Behavior selection network uses predicted user situation and the degree of necessity, and it selects necessary functions in current situation. Selected functions are used to construct adaptive interface for each controller using presentation template. For experiments, we have implemented ubiquitous home environment and generated controller usage log in this environment. We have confirmed the BN predicted user requirements effectively as evaluating the inferred results of controller necessity based on generated scenario. Finally, comparing the adaptive home UI with the fixed one to 14 subjects, we confirmed that the generated adaptive UI was more useful for general tasks than fixed UI.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

The techniques, which locate example motions in abstract parameter space and interpolate them to generate new motion with given parameters, are widely used in real-time animation system for its controllability and efficiency However, as the dimension of parameter space increases for more complex control, the number of example motions for parameterization increases exponentially. This paper proposes a method that uses two different parameter spaces to obtain decoupled control over upper-body and lower-body motion. At each frame time, each parameterized motion space produces a source frame, which satisfies the constraints involving the corresponding body part. Then, the target frame is synthesized by splicing the upper body of one source frame onto the lower body of the other. To generate corresponding source frames to each other, we present a novel scheme for time-warping. This decoupled parameterization alleviates the problems caused by dimensional complexity of the parameter space and provides users with layered control over the character. However, when the examples are parameterized based on their upper body's spatial properties, the parameters of the examples are varied individually with every change of its lower body. To handle this, we provide an approximation technique to change the positions of the examples rapidly in the parameter space.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2007

The main purpose of this paper is to manage the container property effectively at the container yard by applying the RTLS technology to the field of port logistics. Yet, many kinds of noises happen to be inputted with the distance value(between the reader and the tag) which is to be inputted into the location identification algorithm, which makes the distance value jumped due to the system noise of the ultrasonic sensor module and the measurement noise. The Kalman Filter is widely used to prevent this jump occurrence; the noises are eliminated by using the EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) while considering that the distance information of the ultrasonic sensor is non-linear. Also, the 3D RTLS system at the port container yard suggested in this research is designed not to be interrupted for its ultrasonic transmission by positioning the antenna at the front of each sector of the container where the active tags are installed. We positioned the readers, which function as antennas for location identification, to four places randomly in the absolute coordinate and let the positions of the active tags identified by using the distance data delivered from the active tags. For the location identification algorithm used in this paper, the triangulation measurement that is most used in general is applied and newly reorganized to calculate the position of the container. In the first experiment, we dealt with the error resulting in the angle and the distance of the ultrasonic sensor module, which is the most important in the hardware performance; in the second, we evaluated the performance of the location identification algorithm, which is the most important in the software performance, and tested the noise cancellation effects for the EKF. According to the experiment result, the ultrasonic sensor showed an average of 3 to 5cm error up to $45^{\circ}$ in case of $60^{\circ}$ or more, non-reliable linear distances were obtained. In addition, the evaluation of the algorithm performance showed an average of $4^{\circ}{\sim}5^{\circ}$ error due to the error of the linear distance-this error is negligible for most container location identifications. Lastly, the experiment results of noise cancellation and jump preservation by using the EKF showed that noises were removed in the distance information which was entered from the input of the ultrasonic sensor and as a result, only signal was extracted; thus, jumps were able to be removed and the exact distance information between the ultrasonic sensors could be obtained.