• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제25권2E호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

Acoustic characteristics of a sound absorbing material can be identified, if the characteristic impedance and propagation constants are known, which have generally been determined experimentally. One easy method determining these two essential parameters is to measure the one dimensional wave characteristics in the impedance tube. In th udy, the effects of backing conditions on the impedance tube measurement have been examined using several pairs of generally used end conditions. The results showed that the measured values are similar for most pairs of end conditions: however, it was observed that the measured characteristic impedance for different thickness did not agree well for some pairs. In this work, the multi termination method, using three or more known backing con ns, was suggested to reduce such random errors, which are mostly caused by the test procedure. Employing three terminations as a set, comprised of a rigid end, an end with porous material, and an end with a backing cavity, it was demonstrated that improved measured results could be obtained for an open cell PU foam varying widely with three different thicknesses.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2006

The sealing technique between a glass tube and a copper heat pipe in an evacuated tube solar collector is studied. In this study two different sealing techniques, such as flame method and furnace firing, are examined. After the sealing of a copper to a glass, the oxidation state of the copper and its bonding morphology were examined by SEM and XRD. Its oxidation was retarded by coating of borate solution on the copper, and $Cu_2O(cuprite)$ turned into CuO(tenorite) with increase in a firing temperature and firing time. Porous structure was found in the oxide layer when CuO formed. The best sealing morphology was observed when the thickness of the oxidation layer was less than $20{\mu}m$. The sealing technique performed in a furnace was promising and the satisfactory result was obtained when the sample was fired at $950^{\circ}C$ for 5 min under $N_2$ atmosphere. Annealing procedure is recommended to remove the stress left at the bonding zone.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.478-481
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• 1997

A technique or the preparation of porous polyurethane vascular prostheses was investigated. Small-diameter vessels are not in general clinical use due to their limited long-term biocompatibility and low patency rates in experimental trial. These limits are mainly due to the failure of mechanical unction of the vascular grafts. This failure has been suggested to result partially from compliance mismatch. The long-term patency is considered to depend critically on the properties of the material and the fabrication process of the graft. So the control of pores is very important and main points to develop a available vascular grafts. Two-kind polymer sheets was compared. One was the porous PU-sheet made at room temperature by the solvent/non-solvent exchange. And the other was the porous PU-sheet which was fabricated by thermal phase transition and solvent-/non-solvent exchange using the thermal controller. The polymer sheets had a uniform pore size and pore occupation. According to the result of the above experiments, polyurethane solution was injected into a mold designed or U-type tube. The average pore size and pore occupation were easily changed by changing polyurethane concentration, freezing temperature, and methods. This technique can give a proper pore size ($10{\sim}45\;{\mu}m$) or tissue in growth, and suitable compliances or matching with arteries and veins. Besides, the fabrication of more complicated shaped vessels such as the U-type vascular grafts is easily controlled by using the fixed mold. this method might give a desired compliant graft or artificial implantation with the presently valid medical polymers.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2009

본 총설에서는 최근 주로 연구되고 있는 활성탄, 탄소나노튜브, 팽창 흑연 및 활성 탄소 섬유 등 다공성 탄소재료를 중심으로 수소 저장량을 증대시키기 위한 기술 및 기 발표된 수소저장량과 그 장 단점에 대하여 고찰하였다. 수소저장능을 향상시키기 위한 탄소 내 기공의 최적의 크기는 0.6~0.7 nm로 조사되었다. 촉매의 경우 전이금속 및 그 금속산화물이 많이 이용되었으며, 주로 다공성 탄소재료에 도핑을 통해 수소저장능을 향상시켰다. 수소저장 매체인 다공성 탄소재료 중에서 활성탄은 대량생산이 가능하여 가격이 비교적 저렴한 장점이 있고 탄소나노튜브는 튜브의 튜브간 공간 외에도 내부공간에 수소를 저장할 수 있는 공간이 수소저장에 활용될 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 팽창 흑연은 흑연의 층 사이에 알칼리 금속의 삽입 시 층간 거리가 팽창하여 수소저장에 용이하고, 활성탄소섬유는 높은 비표면적과 발달된 미세기공이 수소흡착에 크게 기여한다는 점이 있다. 이러한 기존의 연구로 고려해 볼 때 다공성 탄소재료는 아직 달성되지 못한 DOE의 수소저장 목표치에 도달하기 위한 주요 유망한 후보재료 중의 하나이다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 실제 산업현장에서 사용되는 수소 개질로 내 개질가스의 수증기-메탄 혼합비에 따른 튜브 내 온도 및 화학반응 특성을 수치 해석하는 것이다. 탄화수소의 수증기 개질반응은 800 K - 1000 K 이상의 고온에서 발생하기 때문에 대류, 전도 및 복사 열전달을 고려한 복합 열전달을 고려해야 한다. 수치해석은 상용 전산유체역학(CFD) 코드(ANSYS Fluent V.13.0)를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 해석을 위해 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes, 운동량 및 에너지 방정식을 사용하고, 화학반응이 발생하는 튜브 내부는 니크롬 재질의 다공성 영역으로 가정하였다. 개질 튜브 내 온도 및 화학반응 특성을 비교하기 위해 메탄과 수증기의 혼합비를 1-6으로 증가시켜 비교 분석하였다. 수치해석 결과, 메탄에 대한 수증기 비율이 높을수록 튜브 내부의 온도가 증가하고, 메탄의 전화율이 증가한다. 그러나 수소 개질량은 수증기와 메탄의 비율이 5일 때 가장 많은 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2006

This paper describes a theoretical analysis and experimental verification on the performances of a vacuum-compatible air bearing, which is designed with a cascaded exhaust scheme to minimize the air leakage in a vacuum environment. The design of the vacuum-compatible air bearing equipped with the differential exhaust system requires great care because several design parameters, such as the number of exhaust stages, diameter of exhaust tube, pumping speed of a vacuum pump, and bearing clearance greatly influence the air leakage and thus degree of vacuum. In this study, a performance analysis method was proposed to estimate the performances of the air bearing, such as load capacity, stiffness, and air leakage. Results indicate that the load capacity and stiffness of the air bearing was improved as its boundary pressure, which was determined by the $1^{st}$ exhaust method, was lowered, and the dominant factors on the chamber's degree of vacuum were the number of exhaust stages, exhaust tube diameter and bearing clearance. A vacuum chamber and air bearing stage using porous pad were fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis. The results demonstrate that chamber pressure up to an order of $10^{-3}$ Pa was achieved with the air bearing stage operating inside the chamber, and this analysis method was valid by comparing predicted values with experimental data, for the mass flow rates from the porous pad, and pressures at each exhaust port and chamber, respectively.

• 멤브레인
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

고온에서 수소 분리 회수를 목적으로 silica/alumina 복합 막을 합성하였다. 막의 선택 투과 성능을 향상시키기 위해, sol-gel법에 의한 silica 및 alumina층을 중간층으로 도입하고, 그 위에 강제유동 CVD법에 의한 silica를 합성하였다. Sol-gel법에 의해 ${\alpha}$-alumina tube에 합성한 ${\gamma}$-alumina 및 silica 막은 Knudsen 확산 영역의 많은 mesopore를 포함하고 있어서 수소 선택 분리 막으로는 적합하지 못했다. 하지만, sol-gel법에 의해 합성한 silica/${\gamma}$-alumina층에 강제유동 CVD법으로 silica를 합성한 결과, 질소 투과 영역의 세공이 완전히 제거되어, 높은 수소 선택성을 가지는 복합 막이 형성되었다. 그 막은 온도에 따라 수소 투과 속도가 증가하여 $450^{\circ}C$에서 $5.57{\times}10^{-8}molm^2s^LPa^1$의 수소 투과 속도와, 9.52 kJ/mol의 활성화 에너지를 나타냈다. 분자체 효과에 의해 질소 투과가 완전히 배제되고, 수소만 선택적으로 투과되는 silica/alumina 복합막이 성공적으로 합성된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.711-731
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• 2020

This paper deals with free vibration of FG sandwich annular sector plates on Pasternak elastic foundation with different boundary conditions, based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The plates with simply supported radial edges and arbitrary boundary conditions on their circular edges are considered. The influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) waviness, aspect ratio, internal pores and graphene platelets (GPLs) on the vibrational behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite sandwich plates is investigated in this research work. The distributions of CNTs are considered functionally graded (FG) or uniform along the thickness of upper and bottom layers of the sandwich sectorial plates and their mechanical properties are estimated by an extended rule of mixture. In this study, the classical theory concerning the mechanical efficiency of a matrix embedding finite length fibers has been modified by introducing the tube-to-tube random contact, which explicitly accounts for the progressive reduction of the tubes' effective aspect ratio as the filler content increases. The core of structure is porous and the internal pores and graphene platelets (GPLs) are distributed in the matrix of core either uniformly or non-uniformly according to three different patterns. The elastic properties of the nanocomposite are obtained by employing Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model. A semi-analytic approach composed of 2D-Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (2D-GDQM) and series solution is adopted to solve the equations of motion. The fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method are investigated through the different solved examples. Some new results for the natural frequencies of the plate are prepared, which include the effects of elastic coefficients of foundation, boundary conditions, material and geometrical parameters. The new results can be used as benchmark solutions for future researches.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2022

In order to understand the characteristics of fine particles emitted from coal-fired power plant stacks, it is important to analyze the size distribution and components of particles. In this study, particle size distributions were measured using the ejector-porous tube dilution device and an ELPI system at a stack in a coal-fired power plant. Main elemental components of particles in each size interval were also identified through TEM-EDS analysis for the particles collected in each ELPI stage. Particle size distributions based on number and mass were analyzed with component distributions from 0.006 to 10 ㎛. The highest number concentration was about 0.01 ㎛. The main component of the particles consisted of sulfur, which indicated that sulfate aerosols were generated by gas-to-particle conversion of SO2. In a mass size distribution, a mono-modal distribution with a mode diameter of about 2 ㎛ was shown. For the components of PM1.0 (particles less than 1 ㎛), the abundance order was F > Mg > S > Ca, and however, for the components of PM10 (particles less than 10 ㎛), it was in the order of Fe > S > Ca > Mg. The elemental components by particle size were confirmed.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.178-189
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• 1994

$BaTiO_3$ 미분말은 여러종류의 0.05 M 출발용액으로부터 초음파 분무 열분해법으로 합성하였다. 이때, 유속은 0.5 cm/sec, 저온로는 $300^{\circ}C$, 고온로는$700^{\circ}C$로 고정하였다. 입자의 형성과정은 반응 단계별로 포집된 분말을 SEM으로 직접 관찰하였고 또한, 반응기내에서의 입자의 거동을 이론적으올 고찰하고자 하였다. 순수한 $BaTiO_3$ 미분말은 출발용액이 nitrate aqueous solution인 경우에 합성이 가능하였다. 합성된 미분말은 19.1 nm의 일차입자들로 구성된 porous한 약 $0.42 {mu}m$크기의 구형의 이차임자였다. 형성과정은 건조단계에서 입자의 크기가 감소한 후 열분해 초기단계에서 증가하고 반응이 진행됨에 따라 점차 다시 감소하여 최종 $0.42 {mu}m$의 고화된 입자로 되었고 입도분포는 반응이 진행됨에 따라 점차 넓어졌다. 또한, 반응기내에서 입자들의 이론적 거동은 반응기 중심쪽으로 향하여 진행된다.