• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2016

The passive treatment was required a large area for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), and pollutants were discharged with mine drainage by the increased flow rate in summer. This study was performed to improve the turbidity and to precipitate the pollutants quickly using coagulants and flocculants in AMD of abandoned mine sites that were difficult to build the passive treatment system. The coagulant PAC (Poly aluminium chloride) and flocculant PAM (Polyacrylamide) were selected to improve turbidity in W mine waters. We also tested the particle size analysis, ICP-OES and/or SEM-EDS for water and sludge samples.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to investigate the lectin of soybean (Glycine max L.) seed. Purification was done by 50-80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. The purity was ascertained by electrophoresis. The molecular weight of purified lectin was estimated as 132,000. It was composed of three subunits which molecular weight was 45,000. The lectin was identified as glycoprotein by Schiff's reagent staining and Dubois method. The lectin agglutinated erythrocytes of rabbit and human. The amounts of the lectin to agglutinate human erythrocytes differed among the blood types: The blood type A required the least amount, the next was B, O, and AB in order. The agglutination was specifically inhibited by 5${\mu}$g/ml of N -acetyl.-D-galactoseamine and 200${\mu}$g/ml of D-galactose. Other tested sugars could not inhibit the agglutination of the erythrocytes by the lectin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.305-307
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• 2007

Lactoferrin-binding proteins (LBP) has not been well characterized in Streptococcus uberis isolated from milk of bovine mastitis and to date this protein is considered to be an important virulence factor in Streptococcal mastitis. To determine the more efficient extraction method of LBP from four S. uberis strains, we used two different extraction methods (mutanolysin and sodium dodecyl sulfate) in this study. Bacterial proteins extracted were electrophoresed by 10% polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium deodecyl sulfate and gels were transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane. Rabbit anti-bovine lactoferrin antibody and HRP-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG antibody were used to detect LBP. This Western blotting analysis demonstrates that extraction method with SDS extracted 110 kDa and 112 kDa LBPs more efficiently compared to the mutanolysin extraction method.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1994

L-Ascorbic acid-producing enzyme in Neurospora crassa was found to exist in mitochondria and the activity of this enzyme was increased by the addition of D-fluconno-${\gamma}$-lactone or L-gulono-${\gamma}$-lactone in the media. L-Ascorbic acid-producin enzyme in N. crassa has been purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation. DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography. Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography and Reactive yellow 3-agarose dye affinity column chromatography. The specific activity of this enzyme was increased to 239.6 fold and the yield was 2.1%. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 150.000 dalton when it was estimated with Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight appeared as 75.000 dalton by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. which suggested that this enzyme was consisted with two identical subunits. The optimal pH for this enzyme was 9.0 and the $K_m$ value for D-galactono-${\gamma}$-lactone was 0.073 mM.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.258-262
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• 1991

Rate of 11.alpha.-hydroxylation of progesterone with Rhizopus nigricans was accelerated by glucose. Glucose seemed to play an important role in the formation of cofactor because its effects on the reaction were almost same as those of electron acceptors such as NADPH and $NaIO_{4}$. Rate of glucose consumption appeared to increase in proportion as the rate of hydroxylation reaction, which enhanced with increase in the glucose concentration to level off at 0.5 g/l for mycelia and at 20 g/l for spores. However, for mycelia immobilized in polyacrylamide gel, externally added glucose did not affect the reaction rate at all because of the glucose accumulated in the gel during the cultivation period. 5.alpha.-Reduction of 11.alpha.-hydroxyprogesternoe required much higher concentration of glucose than 11.alpha.-hydroxylation of progesternoe so that high yield of 11.alpha.-hydroxyprogesternoe can be obtained by repressing the activity of 5.alpha.-reductase at low concentration of glucose.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1189-1196
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• 1988

Thermal entrance lengths of turbulent tube flow for viscoelastic polymer solutions are investigated experimentally in the recirculating flow system with tubes of inside diameters 8.5mm(L/D=710) and 10.3mm(L/D=1158), respectively. In the present system, the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers develop simultaneously from the beginning of the test section. To provide the boundary condition of constant heat flux at the wall, the test tubes are heated directly by electricity. The polymer solution used in the current study is 1000 wppm aqueous solution of polyacrylamide(Separan AP-273). The apparent viscosity of the polymer solutions circulating in the flow system are measured by the capillary tube viscometer at regular time intervals. Thermal entrance lengths vary due to the rate of degradation. The entrance lengths of degraded polymer solutions are about 500~600 times the diameter. However, the entrance lengths of fresh polymer solutions are greater than the lengths of the test tubes used in this study suggesting that thermal entrance lengths for viscoelastic polymer solutions are greater than 1100 tube times the diameters. Friction factor is almost insensitive to the degradation, but the heat transfer $j_{H}$-factor is affected seriously by degradation. Based on the present experimental data of fresh solutions a correlation for the heat transfer $j_{H}$-factor is presented.ted.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.36-42
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• 2021

Spent lithium-ion batteries are treated by reduction-smelting at high temperatures to recover valuable metals. Solvent extraction and precipitation of the HCl leaching solution of reduction-smelted metallic alloys resulted in a filtrate containing Ni(II) and a small amount of Si(IV). Adsorption and precipitation experiments were conducted to recover pure Ni(II) compounds from the filtrate. Si(IV) was selectively loaded onto polyacrylamide, but this method did not efficiently filter the solution due to an increase in viscosity. The addition of Na₂CO₃ as a precipitant to the filtrate led to the simultaneous precipitation of Ni(II) and Si(IV). However, it was possible to recover nickel oxalate with a purity higher than 99.99% by selectively precipitating Ni(II) with the addition of Na₂C₂O₄ as a precipitant.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.635-643
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• 2018

Bovine milk is widely consumed by humans and is a primary ingredient of dairy foods. Proteomic approaches have the potential to elucidate complex milk proteins and have been used to study milk of various species. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify whey proteins in bovine milk obtained soon after parturition (bovine early milk). The major casein proteins were removed, and the whey proteins were analyzed with 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). The whey proteins (2 mg) were separated by pI and molecular weight across pH ranges of 3.0 - 10.0 and 4.0 - 7.0. The 2-DE gels held about 300 to 700 detectable protein spots. We randomly picked 12 and nine spots that were consistently expressed in the pH 3.0 - 10.0 and pH 4.0 - 7.0 ranges, respectively. Following MALDI-TOF MS analysis, the 21 randomly selected proteins included proteins known to be present in bovine milk, such as albumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin precursor, T cell receptor, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, aldehyde oxidase and microglobulin. These proteins have major functions in immune responses, metabolism and protein binding. In summary, we herein identified both known and novel whey proteins present in bovine early milk, and our sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed their expression pattern.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.417-425
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• 2021

The use of edible insects to replace meat protein is important to ensure future global food security. However, processed foods using edible insects require development to enhance consumer perception. Here, we examined the physicochemical characteristics and rheological properties of emulsions prepared from different edible insect larvae. Three edible insect species (Tenebrio molitor, Allomyrina dichotoma and Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) were used to prepare larval emulsions that were formulated with 65% of insect larvae, 20% of pork back fat, and 15% ice. The A. dichotoma emulsion had the highest pH and lightness, redness, and yellowness values, while the T. molitor emulsion had the lowest pH and lightness, redness, and yellowness values. The T. molitor emulsion had the highest hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and apparent viscosity values but the lowest springiness and cohesiveness values. According to the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis, T. molitor had the thickest bands, followed by P. brevitarsis seulensis. The differential scanning calorimetry distributions for the T. molitor and A. dichotoma emulsions showed one peak, while that of the P. brevitarsis seulensis emulsion had two peaks. The collective results suggest that T. molitor was the most suitable candidate (of the three tested species) for use as a meat replacement in terms of its physicochemical and rheological properties. It is important that such properties of insect-based emulsions are maintained using various technologies.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.529-534
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• 2006

The protein separation with molecular weight using SDS-PAGE(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is the one of the most conventional and simple techniques. In, this study, two dimensional SDS-PAGE using same separation principle consecutively was investigated and compared with one dimensional SDS-PAGE. The enhanced separation from duplex SDS-PAGE was observed and separated proteins in the gel were identified by MALDI TOF MS. Identified proteins from different gel spots were found to have different gi numbers. Therefore, duplex SDS-PAGE separation method will be used for economic separation method in the future because only tiny amount of inexpensive reagents are used to perform duplex SDS-PAGE.