• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.4-8
• /
• 1972

We consider the class (equation omitted) of all k-degenerate graphs, for k a non-negative integer. The class (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) are exactly the classes of totally disconnected graphs and of forests, respectively; the classes (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) properly contain all outerplanar and planar graphs respectively. The advantage of this view point is that many of the known results for chromatic number and point arboricity have natural extensions, for all larger values of k. The purpose of this note is to show that a graph G is (P$^3$)-realizable if G is planar and 3-degenerate.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제40권1_2호
• /
• pp.305-316
• /
• 2022

We study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional order differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative by employing the Banach's contraction principle and the Schauder's fixed point theorem. In addition, an example is given to demonstrate the application of our main results.

• 대한종양외과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2018

Purpose: We analyzed our 10-year experience in a single-center, public hospital and thereby evaluated the changing trends of clinico-pathologic and surgical characteristics as well as treatment outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: The current single-center, retrospective study was conducted with patients who had been treated at department of our medical institution during a period ranging from March 1, 2007 to June 16, 2018. The eligible patients were divided into two groups: group I (March 2007-April 2012) and II (May 2012-June 2018). Then, we compared time-dependent changes in clinico-pathologic characteristics between the two groups. Results: The mean age was $63.0{\pm}11.3$ years in group I and $65.8{\pm}10.5$ years in group II, respectively (P=0.017). The American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score was 34.9% for 1 point, 38.3% for 2 points, and 26.9% for 3 points or more in group I, and 31.1% for 1 point, 52.5% for 2 points, and 16.4% for 3 points or more in group II, which was statistically significant (P=0.012). The average follow-up duration was significantly different between the two group ($39.8{\pm}39.7$ vs. $23.4{\pm}20.6$) (P<0.001). The duration of postoperative hospital stay was 1.8 days longer in group II than group I (P=0.047). Tumor depth, node metastasis and distant metastasis were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001, P=0.009, and P=0.019, respectively). Conclusion: There were significant differences in the age, ASA score, average follow-up duration, postoperative hospital stay, tumor depth, node metastasis and distant metastasis between the two groups.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was to serve the sexual health education of the hysterectomy patients and to get the basic data of the nursing intervention on sexual health education. Sexual health education for the patients is an independent function as well as a professional responsibility of nurses. Method: The subjects were composed of 108 post-op patients who had undergone doing a hysterectomy 5 to 10 days previously and 101 nurses at OBGY hospitals. For data analysis, the study executed a frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan Multiple Range test and Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, in accordance with the purpose of the study using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: Mean score of the needs degree of sexual health education was 3.30 point. The need for education was highest in the sexual health promotion with education related to sexual interaction the lowest. Mean score of the nurses' teaching performance degree of sexual health education was 1.80 point. The nurses' teaching performance was highest in the sexual health promotion. There exist significant correlations between the degree of patients' educational needs and the degree of nurses' teaching performance on physiosexual(p=-.667, p<.05), psychosexual(p=.762, p<.05), sexual interaction(p=.667, p<.05) respectively. There was no significant difference on sexual health promotion(p=.359, p>.05). Conclusion: The degree of sexual health education needs of hysterectomy patients was very high. Therefore, continuous nursing education program should be developed and provided for the promotion of the performance of sexual health education as the nursing professional role.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제10권1_2호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2002

Consider the Convex Polygon Pm={Al , A2, ‥‥, Am} With Vertex points A$\_$i/ = (a$\_$i/, b$\_$i/),i : 1,‥‥, m, interior P$\^$0/$\_$m/, and length of perimeter denoted by L(P$\_$m/). Let R$\_$n/ = {B$_1$,B$_2$,‥‥,B$\_$n/), where B$\_$i/=(x$\_$i/,y$\_$I/), i =1,‥‥, n, denote a regular polygon with n sides of equal length and equal interior angle. Kaiser[4] used the regular polygon R$\_$n/ to approximate P$\_$m/, and the problem examined in his work is to position R$\_$n/ with respect to P$\_$m/ to minimize the area of the symmetric difference between the two figures. In this paper we give the quality of a approximating regular polygon R$\_$n/ to approximate P$\_$m/.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Standardization and clear description of locating acupuncture points guarantees reproducibility and credibility of the results in animal studies of acupuncture points and meridians. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the acupoint description of the previous experimental studies and suggesting guidelines for related journals. Methods : We searched animal studies where acupuncture points were used in Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society and Journal of Meridian & Acupoint with a limitation of period, from 2002 to 2006. Data on experimental animals, acupuncture points and their descriptions were extracted and put in a predefined form. They were classified as one of the 4 classes; A) descriptions of the acupuncture points present, B) no description of the acupuncture points and only reference provided, C) neither description of the acupuncture points nor reference provided, or D) acupuncture point detector used. Two authors independently extracted and classified the data and the disagreements were resolved by discussion. Experts were invited to rate acupuncture point description validity on a numeric rating scale in the 11-item questionnaire. Results : Two hundred and five studies were identified and classified as follows; A) 32.2% (n=66), B) 7.8% (n=16), C) 51.2% (n=105), and D) 8.8% (n=18). Experts ratings were significantly lower for class C (mean${\pm}$SD, 2.14${\pm}$1.35, 95% CI [1.90, 2.39], P = 0.004 compared with class B, P ${\leq}$ 0.001 compared with class A or C) and no difference was found between classes A, B, and D. Conclusions : Reporting of acupuncture points in experimental animals is poor and validity and reliability of the result from such reporting is hampered. We suggest that journal editors and experts provide guidelines for reporting animal acupuncture points and adopt them into guide for authors for related journals.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.849-854
• /
• 2023

본 논문은 LDMOS(laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor)를 이용하여 동작점 Class J를 적용하고, 2차 하모닉 임피던스가 리액턴스 임피던스가 되도록 출력 정합회로를 최적화하여 고효율 전력증폭기를 설계 하였다. 설계한 전력증폭기는 주파수가 108 ~ 110 MHz에서, 전력부가효율(PAE; power added efficiency)은 P_SAT 출력(54.5 dBm)에서 71.5%, P_1dB 출력(51.5 dBm)에서 55.5%, 그리고 45 dBm에서 24.38%의 특성을 보였다. 공간변조 방식에서의 기준 신호인 CSB(carrier with sideband) 전력증폭기는 운용 출력이 45 dBm ~ 35 dBm이며, 그 출력에서 선형적인 SDM(sum in the depth of modulation) 특성(40% ± 0.3%)을 얻었다. 전력증폭기의 바이어스 동작점에 따른 진폭 변조도 특성를 측정하고, 선형적인 변조도 특성을 얻을 수 있는 최적의 동작점을 제안한다.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.172-179
• /
• 2016

Acid food indicators can be used as pH indicators for evaluating the quality and freshness of fermented products during the full course of distribution. Iron oxide particles are hardly suspended in water, but partially or completely agglomerated. The agglomeration degree of the iron oxide particles depends on the pH. The pH-dependent particle agglomeration or dispersion can be useful for monitoring the acidity of food. The zeta potential of iron oxide showed a decreasing trend as the pH increased from 2 to 8, while the point of zero charge (PZC) was observed around at pH 6.0-7.0. These results suggested that the size of the iron oxide particles was affected by the change in pH levels. As a result, the particle sizes of iron oxide were smaller at lower pH than at neutral pH. In addition, agglomeration of the iron oxide particles increased as the pH increased from 2 to 7. In the time-dependent aggregation test, the average particle size was 730.4 nm and 1,340.3 nm at pH 2 and 7, respectively. These properties of iron oxide particles can be used to develop an ideal acid indicator for food pH and to monitor food quality, besides a colorant or nutrient for nutrition enhancement and sensory promotion in food industry.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.29-50
• /
• 2001

This research have been made to define how the IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are affected by their residential circumstance, gender and age, and how deeply these two factors are related and interact. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent area, grouping into three different residential types The Aged living at home, The Aged living at welfare facilities and The Aged living alone, and studied on how the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are influenced and interact as per their characteristics, daily activity and mentality. We had analyzed all the data obtained through this research by the method of : - analysis of frequency as per specific factors by SPSS 1O.0/PC+, - $x^2$ test, - t-test, - ANOVA, - multiple regression analysis by factors. The research concludes followings : a. It appears that the three (3) factors such as gender, age and residential circumstance of the Aged deeply affect the IADL performance and subjective health index of the Aged. (p<0.01) b. With regard to IADL performance of the Aged by the gender, it was analyzed that the female-Aged gains 23.8 point on average, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. (p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that the IADL performance is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by the residential type, it appears that the Aged living at welfare facilities gains the lowest 21.5 points and is least independent. It was also found that the Aged living at welfare facilities need some assistances from others for their performing IADL. (20-24 point) (p<0.001) c. With regard to the subjective health index of the all-Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a point of general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by the gender, the female-Aged gains only 8.6 point which explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. (p<0.001) In analyzing this index by the residential type, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone gain the comparatively lower point, - respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged living at these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad situation of health. (p<0.001) d. With regard to the factors affecting the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that the IADL performance can largely be affected by the factors such as depression, frequency of going-out and age rising, and that the subject health index can also deeply be affected by depression, pain and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions. e. It was analyzed that the interacting between the IADL performance and the subjective health index is not that strong but even weak. As a result, we were able to conclude that the IADL performance is less independent in case of the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities, and following the age rising. As for the subjective health state the Aged themselves are aware of, we concluded that the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone, are more critical about their health. From this research, we were able to realize that, when the OMT (Orthopedic Manual Therapy) needed, the physical therapists are really required to have a correct and cautious understanding of the situation in which the aged persons are, and take care of them with more concerns and more improved treatment.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2000

A series of pH/temperature sensitive polymers were synthesized by copolymerizing N-isopro-pyl acrylamide(NIPAAm) and acrylic acid(AAc) . The influence of polyelectrolyte between poly(allyl amine) (PAA) and poly(L-lysine)(PLL) on the lower critical solution temperature(LCST) of pH/temperature sensitive polymer was compared in the range of pH 2∼12. The LCST of PNIPAAm/water in aqueous poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) solution was determined by cloud point measurements. A polyelectrolyte complex was prepared by mixing poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) with poly(allyl amine) (PAA) or poly(L-lysine) (PLL) solutions as anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, respectively. The effect of polyelectrolyte complex formation on the conformation of PLL was studied as a function of temperature by means of circular dichroism(CD). The cloud points of PNIPAAm in the aqueous copolymers solutions were stongly affected by pH, the presence of polyelectrolyte solute, AAc content, and charge density. The polyelectrolyte complex was formed at neutral condition. The influence of more hydrophobic PLL as a polyelectrolyte on the cloud point of PNIPAAm in the aqueous copolymer solution was stronger than that of poly(allyl amine)(PAA). Although polymer-polymer complex was formed between poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) and PLL, the conformational change of PLL did not occur due to steric hinderance of bulky N-isopropyl groups of PNIPAAm.