• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2023

Background: Using KIDS-KAERS database (KIDS-KD) from 2016 to 2020, the aim is to investigate signals of adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and to present adverse events that are not included in the precautions for use when marketing approval. Methods: This study was conducted by disproportionality analysis. Data mining analysis was performed to detect signals of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, such as terazosin, doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin, and tamsulosin. The signal was defined by three criteria as proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). Detected signals were compared with product labeling and the European Medicines Agency-Important Medical Events list. Results: Out of the total number of 408,077 reports for adverse events, 6,750 cases were reported as adverse events of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. Dizziness, mouth dryness, hypotension postural, and oedema peripheral are identified as common adverse events of five alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and are typically listed on drug labels. However, new signals were detected for pneumonia, chronic obstructive airway disease, eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts, fracture, and ileus of tamsulosin that were not previously listed on the drug labels in Korea. Conclusions: This study identified signals related to adverse drug reactions of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and presented serious adverse events, suggesting new adverse reactions to be aware of when using alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.873-879
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• 2023

본 연구는 인공지능(AI)을 사용하여 흉부 엑스레이 이미지에서 이물질을 탐지하는 방법을 탐구하였다. 의료영상학, 특히 흉부 엑스레이는 폐렴이나 폐암과 같은 질병을 진단하는 데 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 영상의학 검사가 증가함에 따라 AI는 효율적이고 빠른 진단을 위한 중요한 도구가 되었다. 하지만 이미지에는 단추나 브래지어 와이어와 같은 일상적인 장신구를 포함한 이물질이 포함될 수 있어 정확한 판독을 방해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 이물질을 정확하게 식별하는 AI 알고리즘을 개발하였고, 미국 국립보건원 흉부 엑스레이 데이터셋을 가공하여 YOLOv8 모델을 기반으로 처리하였다. 그 결과 정확도, 정밀도, 리콜, F1-score가 모두 0.91에 가까울 정도로 높은 탐지 성능을 보였다. 이번 연구는 AI의 뛰어난 성능에도 불구하고 이미지 내 이물질로 인해 판독 결과가 왜곡될 수 있는 문제점을 해결함으로써 영상의학 분야에서 AI의 혁신적인 역할과 함께, 임상 구현에 필수적인 정확성에 기반하여 신뢰성을 강조하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2008

목 적: 영유아에서 위식도 역류는 흔한 질환이며, 위식도 역류의 합병증으로 위 내용물의 폐 흡인에 의한 만성 호흡기 질환이 생길 수 있으나 이를 진단하기 위한 표준적인 검사 방법이 없다. 본 연구에서는 위식도 역류와 폐 흡인 진단 방법으로서 위식도 역류 신티그래피의 유용성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 위식도 역류로 인한 흡인 폐렴이 의심된 35명의 환아와 정상 대조군 5명을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 대상아에게 $^{99m}Tc$-tin colloid를 첨가한 우유를 수유한 후 위식도 역류 신티그래피를 시행하였다. 위식도 역류를 진단하기 위해 1시간 동안 동적 영상을 촬영하였고, 폐 흡인을 진단하기 위해 6시간과 24시간 후 지연 영상으로 정적 영상을 얻었다. 폐 흡인의 진단을 위해 육안분석과 함께 양쪽 폐에 관심 영역을 설정하여 정량 분석을 시행하였다. 흡인 지수는 관심 영역에서 배경 영역의 계수치를 뺀 값으로 정의하였다. 결 과: 35명의 환아 중 23명에서 신티그래피상 위식도 역류가 관찰되었고, 정상 대조군 5명에서는 위식도 역류가 발견되지 않았다. 환아군 35명 중 24명에게 24시간 하부 식도 pH 검사를 시행하였고, 7명에서 산성역류가 확인되었다. 신티그래피와 하부 식도 pH 검사를 동시에 받은 24명 중 8명에서 두 검사의 결과가 일치하여 두 검사는 위식도 역류의 진단에 있어 일치하지 않았다. 환아군 35명 중 16명에게 흉부 전산화 단층 촬영을 시행하여 13명의 환아에서 의존성 위치에 폐 경화가 발견되어 흡인 폐렴으로 진단하였고, 이 환아들이 신티그래피에서도 폐 흡인이 있었는지 그 일치도를 알아보았을 때, 두 검사는 폐 흡인의 진단에 있어 일치하지 않았다. 한 명의 환아에서 6시간 후 지연 영상에 우폐로 역류된 방사능이 육안적으로 관찰되었다. 대조군과 비교하였을 때, 30명(85.7%)의 환아에서 흡인 지수가 결정점인 0.3보다 높아 폐 흡인의 가능성이 높은 것으로 진단하였다. 역류군과 비 역류군을 비교하였을 때, 6시간 후 지연 영상에서 흡인 지수는 역류군에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 결 론: 위식도 역류 신티그래피는 비 침습적이고 안전한 검사로 위식도 역류의 진단에 있어서는 24시간 하부 식도 pH 검사에 비하여 부족하지만 역류로 인한 소량의 폐 흡인을 진단하는데 유용하며, 앞으로 통계학적으로 의미 있는 수의 대조군 연구가 수행된다면 폐 흡인을 확진할 수 있는 진단 기준이 나올 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2015

Murine mycoplasmosis, caused by Mycoplasma (M.) pulmonis, is a prominent disease in rodent animals. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific PCR assay to detect M. pulmonis in animals and to assess the suitability of this assay for the detection of mycoplasmal infection in rats experimentally infected with M. pulmonis. A new PCR assay using the M. pulmonis-specific primer pairs MPul-F and MPul-R was developed. The primers and probe for the assay were designed from regions in the 16S rRNA gene that are unique to M. pulmonis. The novel PCR assay was very specific and sensitive for M. pulmonis, detecting the equivalent of 5 pg of target template DNA. It detected only M. pulmonis and no other Mycoplasma species or other bacterial species. The newly developed PCR assay also effectively detected M. pulmonis infection in rats. These results suggest that this PCR assay using M. pulmonis-specific primer pairs of MPul-F and MPul-R will be useful and effective for monitoring M. pulmonis infection in animals.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2012

A multiplex PCR was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis in clinical samples. Improved sensitivity is advantage of this technique over the previously reported multiplex assay. It was capable of detecting as little as 125 fg genomic DNA from M. hyopneumoniae and 62.5 fg genomic DNA from M. hyorhinis. Application of this multiplex PCR method to field isolates showed that M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis were present in 29% (107 of 370) of lung specimens and no mycoplasmas were detected in 56% (208 of 370) of the slaughtered pigs' lungs. At the farm level, M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis were detected in 34 of 36 (94.4%) randomly selected farms. We conclude that this assay would prove itself a value tool for monitoring these mycoplasmal infections and both M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis have been widely spread in swine herds of Korea.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1104-1120
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• 2020

The chest X-rays are a common way to diagnose lung cancer or pneumonia. In particular, the finding of a lung nodule is the most important problem in the early detection of lung cancer. Recently, a lot of automatic diagnosis algorithms have been studied to find the lung nodules missed by doctors. The algorithms are typically based on segmentation network like U-Net. However, the occurrence of false positives that similar to lung nodules present outside the lungs can severely degrade performance. In this study, we propose a multi-task learning method that simultaneously learns the lung region and nodule-labeled data based on the prior knowledge that lung nodules exist only in the lung. The proposed method significantly reduces false positives outside the lung and improves the recognition rate of lung nodules to 83.8 F1 score compared to 66.6 F1 score of single task learning with U-net model. The experimental results on the JSRT public dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with other baseline methods.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-81
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• 2017

Nanotechnology is of great importance to molecular biology and medicine because life processes are maintained by the action of a series of molecular nanomachines in the cell machinery. Recent advances in nanoscale materials that possess emergent physical properties and molecular organization hold great promise to impact human health in the diagnostic and therapeutic arenas. In order to be effective, nanomaterials need to navigate the host biology and traffic to relevant biological structures, such as diseased or pathogenic cells. Moreover, nanoparticles intended for human administration must be designed to interact with, and ideally leverage, a living host environment. Inspired by nature, we use peptides to transfer biological trafficking properties to synthetic nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery of payloads. In this talk, development of nanoscale materials will be presented with a particular focus on applications to three outstanding health problems: bacterial infection, cancer detection, and traumatic brain injury. A biodegradable nanoparticle carrying a peptide toxin trafficked to the bacterial surface has antimicrobial activity in a pneumonia model. Trafficking of a tumor-homing nanoprobes sensitively detects cancer via a high-contrast time-gated imaging system. A neuron-targeted nanoparticle carrying siRNA traffics to neuronal populations and silences genes in a model of traumatic brain injury. Unique combinations of material properties that can be achieved with nanomaterials provide new opportunities in translational nanomedicine. This framework for constructing nanomaterials that leverage bio-inspired molecules to traffic diagnostic and therapeutic payloads can contribute on better understanding of living systems to solve problems in human health.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1991

There have been reports concerning the association of laryngeal carcinoma and lung cancer. Second primary respiratory tract malignancies occur frequently in patients who have undergone the treatment of laryngeal cancer probably because they are exposed to the same carcinogen. Recently, we have experienced two patients who developed second primary lung cancer 30 and 41 months after the first diagnosis of laryngeal cancer at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Relative long interval between the two carcinomas indicated metastasis unlikely. From a therapeutic standpoint, it is of great importance that they should be regarded as separate primaries and not as metastasis. Longevity will depends on a presumption that the lesions are separate primaries and the status of stage at the time of detection of second primary lesion. The follow-up of patients who are seen with carcinomas of the head and neck should be done at regular interval and include a chest roentgenogram and cytologic examination of sputum to detect early changes before the tumors becomes incurable. The first 76 year old patient with left upper lobectomy due to the T2N0M0 lung cancer has been in good condition to present. But the second 55 year old patient with right pneumonectomy due to the T2N0M0 lung cancer died of respiratory failure and septic pneumonia 3 months after operation and chemotherapy.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 1997

Two 2 and 7 months-old holstin and one 3 months-old native Korean calf suffering from respiratory illness were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute for euthanasia and pathologic examination. At necropsy diffuse lobar pneumonia was present in apical cardiac and diaphragmatic lobes in all calves. Microscopically acute multifocal bronchiolitis and interstitial syncytial cell formation were frequently observed. in addition occlusion of bronchiolar lumen due to cellular proliferation and fibrosis accompanied by interlobular septal emphysema were also present. Immunohistochemically bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen were positively identified in lung lesions including bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.301-308
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• 1993

Three or 7day old piglets were infected experimentally with different encephalomyocarditis virus isolates to detect the viral antigen by the immunoperoxidase technique and to observe strain difference in their pathogenecity in newborn pigs by comparing clinical signs and pathologic lesions. Clinical signs of the infected pigs were different depending on the virus strain, pig age and infection route. Encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV) NVSL-PR isolate was more pathogenic than MN-25 and MN-30 isolate. Three day old piglets showed more severe illness than 7 day old piglets. Predominant clinical signs were sudden death without noticeable clinical signs and dyspnea manifested as heavy abdominal breathing. Contact-infection from infected piglets to controls was observed in the oro-nasally infected group but not the intramuscular group. Common necropsy findings of dead piglets in both age groups infected with MN-25 and NVSL-PR were accumulation of excessive fluid in the body cavities and mild to diffuse necrotic areas observed in the hearts and occasionally in the livers. Microscopically, myocarditis with inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis of the myocardial muscle fibers and occasional mineralization were observed along with interstitial pneumonia and centrolobular necrosis in the liver. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, viral antigen was detected in myocardial muscle fibers of piglets infected with EMCV.