• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제20권11호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose a plural subject account of group beliefs using grounding concept, which bridges the gap between the two main approaches of ACLs, the mentalistic accounts and the social commitment accounts. The key idea of this Gilbert's plural subject account of group beliefs is to extend the grounding logic into the common ground framework for the semantics of ACLs which is fully verifiable, fully formalized and easily applicable. Thus, we formalize the proper group belief concept using common ground framework and we define the semantics of the primitive speech acts of FIPA-ACL such as inform, request and confirm as case studies. Also, we illustrate our framework on an e-commerce agent purchase negotiation and compare this proposed framework with two traditional semantics for ACLs.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 1983

An epidemiological survey was carried out to identify the serotypes of Streplococcus mutans isolated from carious lesions of 65 caries-active subjects(CAS) and sound tooth surfaces of 40 caries-free subjects(CFS). The autoclaved antigen extract was performed on each isolate, and then, serotypes of the isolates were determined in agar-gel immunodiffusion test. The results were as follows: 1. S. mutans was found in 78% of the samples of CAS, and of CFS. The difference of isolation frequency between CAS and CFS was not observed. 2. Only one serotype per single subject was detected in 61% of total samples, in remaining 39% of samples two or more serotypes were detected. 3. In 41.2% of CAS samples plural serotypes of S. mutans were found, whereas 35.5% of CFS samples showed plural serotypes distribution. 4. The most frequently identified serotype in each subject was serotype c; 69.5% of subjects harbored serotype c S. mutans. Serotype d was next most frequently isolated from subjects, comprising 23.2%. 5. Serotype c strain was found in 64.7% of CAS, 77.4% of CFS. 6. Of the isolates from CAS and CFS, serotype c was most commonly found, comprising 48.8%, serotype d was found in 16.3%, serotypes f. e, and g comprising 13.2%, 9.3%, and 7.8% respectively. Serotypes a and b were also found but in far lower frequencies(2.3%, 0.8%). 7. Serotype c strains were more found in CFS than in CAS, but serotypes d and e were more found in CAS.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.519-530
• /
• 2007

This study is an exploratory research on the brand architecture of Korean apparel enterprises and the differentiation strategy among in-house competing brands. For data analysis, secondary data was used. 20 apparel enterprises were used as the subjects. The results are as following. First, as a result of brand architecture composition, apparel enterprises used the strategy that initially paved the way launching several brands in a specific item category and after that diversified to other categories. Most enterprises used the multi-brand strategy operating plural brands in a same zoning. The terms for launching succeeding brands were about $1{\sim}5$ years. Second, as a result of analysing the cases which several brands competes within a same zoning, all the posterior brands had some differences from the prior ones. The most frequent differentiation factor was price. Concept, target age, and distribution channel followed. The order of the factors was somewhat different among the item categories. The differentiation strategy among in-house competing brands meant that the enterprises manage plural brands in a same zoning for the growth of whole market share instead of the direct competition among in-house brands. The results of this study can suggest a growth direction to the enterprises planning to launch new brands.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.286-298
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was to develop an online 'alternative therapy and health promotion' class for university students and to evaluate its changes. Method: The online class was developed based on the Instructional Systems Development(ISD) model and model of Web-Based Instruction(WBI) developmental process. This was a quasi-experimental, one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 130 students in 3 universities, and they were provided the cyber class for 16 weeks. Data was analyzed by descriptive and plural answer statistics, and paired t-test. Results: The cyber class was developed in five steps : analysis, design, data collection and reconstruction, programing and publishing, and evaluation. The results of program evaluation were positive, which included learning 3.47. system 3.57, and learning satisfaction 3.64 on the scale of 5. The posttest scores of cognition and reliability of alternative therapy were higher than pretest scores. The posttest score of health promoting lifestyle(t=-5.051, p=.000) and perceived health status(t=2.979, p=.003) were significantly higher than those of the pretest. Conclusion: These results suggest that the cyber class is a positive method in increasing a cognition, reliability of alternative therapy, and is effective to improve a health promotion lifestyle and perceived health status for the university students.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.330-349
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 최근 높은 관심을 일으키는 도심 내 한옥이 젠트리피케이션으로 이어지는 과정을 분석하고 이 과정에서 간과될 수 있는 공간의 중층성에 주목하였다. 흔히 젠트리피케이션은 도시 내 개발 압력에 따라 이뤄지는 대대적이고 급작스런 공간의 천이로 인식되는 경향이 강하다. 하지만 이러한 이해 방식은 실제 도시 공간변화에서 벌어지는 변증법적 과정과 다층적 존재들의 복잡한 상호 영향을 간과하게 한다. 본 연구는 서울시의 재개발 과정과 익선동에서의 한옥 개량 등을 살펴봄으로써 도시 공간 속 다양한 주체들의 관점과 실천이 젠트리피케이션에 다층적이고 변증법적으로 작용하는 과정을 분석한다. 더불어 문화유산의 요소를 매개로 한 도시공간의 변화가 도시 내 문화장소 형성에 있어 어떠한 함의를 갖는지를 논하도록 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.278-286
• /
• 2007

Postmodernism, the theory and philosophy that swayed the world in the late 20th century, can be interpreted in various ways as a critical reaction against modernism as well as, in one way, the logical extension of modernism itself. Thus, an extensive understanding of the social and temporal background of the birth of postmodernism and a macroscopic and correlative approach toward the related artistic circles, especially art, were carried out before a formative discussion on the furniture design of postmodernism. Postmodemism in the field of furniture design shares the history of birth and spirit with Memphis, the progressive design group established by Ettore Sottsass in Milan, 1980. This study identifies the formative features of pestrnodernistic furniture design around those works that express the trend of postmodernism, in particular, chairs, as well as the designers who participated in the first Memphis exhibition at the Milan Furniture Fair. By identifying such features, the correlation between postmodemism and those features expressed in the works of postmodernism paintings were examined. The works of Anselm Kiefer, a German nee-expressionist who became famous through the Venice Biennale 1980, and five young Italian trans-avant garde authors were selected as the scope of this case study. The characteristics of postmodernism in modern art were analyzed in terms of themes, shape, and content and were derived as follows; Firstly, borrowed and past-oriented themes, secondly, deconstructive, atypical, plural, emotional, and intuitional shapes, and thirdly, basic, metaphorical, and abstract content, The formative characteristics of chair design in postmodemism furniture design are as follows; Firstly, deconstructive, symbolic, and abstract shapes, past-oriented, reactionary, and primitive colors and closing, as well as the characteristic of delivering commercial and metaphorical messages. The subjects and motives of art have been succeeded by the characteristics of color and closing in furniture, the shape and techniques of fine arts by the characteristics of furniture shape, and the content of art by that of furniture. They share key words and characteristics.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.139-158
• /
• 2013

This research aimed to determine how a combined yoga and tea meditation program would affect the happiness of adolescents. The investigation was conducted over a total of 11 sessions held twice a week with 15 female middle-school students. Each session lasted 90 min and comprised preparation for 5 min, Hatha yoga for 50 min, tea meditation for 15 min, the expression of feelings for 15 min, and 5 min were allocated to finishing the program and announcing the next session time. A t-test was performed before and after the program to analyze the effects of the program. A goodness of fit test, which is related to the improvement of happiness, was done through a path analysis. As a result, we were able to determine meaningful changes in the t-test scores of happiness, stress, and quality of life. The scores of mindfulness, physical self-concept, and self efficiency changed positively, but meaningful changes were not shown. To derive a final conclusion, we verified the mediator effect with respect to happiness through a structural model. Consequently, physical self-concept was activated as a promoter for improving self-efficiency and mindfulness. Mindfulness was the key factor that improved the happiness of the adolescent subjects.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.35-51
• /
• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 현재 4년제 공과대학에서 실시하고 있는 공학윤리 교육과정 운영 실태를 조사하는데 있다. 이를 위해 관련 문헌 분석, 설문조사 등의 방법으로 연구를 수행하였다. 설문 조사는 2004년 현재 공학교육 인증을 받았거나 신청한 14개의 대학에 개설된 공학 소양 과목 중에서, 강의의 전체 또는 일부로 공학윤리 교육을 실시하고 있는 강의 담당자 31명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 공학윤리 교육은 EAC(Ethics Across the Curriculum)의 형태로 도입되고 있으며, 수강생의 수가 다소 많으며, 복수의 담당자가 지정되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 교육 목표에 있어서는 윤리학적인 이론보다는 공학적 상황에 초점을 맞추고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 교육 내용도 전반적으로 고르게 도입되고 있는 것으로 나타났으나 내용에 있어서 이론적인 면이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 교육 방법에 있어서는 강의식 수업이 주로 사용되며, 평가에 있어서는 대부분의 평가가 필기고사를 통하여 이루어지고 있으며, 수업 및 토론 참여, 발표 등의 비율은 낮게 조사되었다.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.187-217
• /
• 2010

By reading the main character, Rene Gallimard, in M. Butterfly as a spatial metaphor of America, this article examines how homogeneous American national identity of heterosexuality and white masculinity has been reinforced since the cold war and has constituted a crisis of hegemony with the decline of imperialism and how its pathological symptom is shown through the melancholic suicide of Gallimard. This article also argues how the feminine attributes implied in race, gender and sexuality in M. Butterfly are designated and allegorized as an impure, contaminated and ahistorical marker of national integrity in pthe social and material status of the heterosexual American white male. To develop my argument, I read M. Butterfly from a psychoanalytic point of view. Therefore I depend on Freud, Lacan, and Bhabha's psychoanalysis as the theoretical basis. In this paper, I also argue that the homogenized and fixed national identity is splitted and collapsed from within as shown in the Gallimard's melancholy and in the process of splitting the "Third Space" of hybrid subjects for the marginal and the emergent like Song Liling, a homosexual Asian man, can be built "from a space in-between." Therefore Hwang calls into questions conventions of fixed, essentialist identities through the shifting gender identities between Song and Gallimard in M. Butterfly and how identities in the plural are constructed variously in throughly historicized, politicized situations, and these constructions can be complicated by relations of power.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.217-230
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out problems in obesity management through survey and analysis of the actual conditions from the view of a elementary schools school-nurses and to establish fundamental data for efficient obesity management. The subjects for this study were 313 numbers of elementary school-nurses in Kyung-Sang-Pook-Do. The data were collected through mail questionaries from November 1 to November 30, 1997. The major findings in this survey were as follows: 49.8% of the school-nurses who responded in the survey were in their 30s. The average career was 7.3years. The average service duration in their present school was 2.3 years, 55.6% of them were serving at schools which have less than ten classes total 77.2% of them were serving rural areas, 79.6% of them were serving at schools with fewer than 100 obese students. The total obesity prevalence rate was 11.4%, 13.3% were girls, 9.3% were boys. The measurement of height and weight is performed once a year for all surveyed students (91.7%), but obese students were measured as much five times (51.1%). The rate of obesity management planning was 74.1%, however the rates of evaluation and role assignment were 41. 2%, and 24.3%. 79.6% of the surveyed schools have health education classes for obesity, the rate compared (8.0 periods per year) to the whole of health education (79.1 periods per year) is 10.1%. 99.9% of the schools had counseling rooms for obesity (combined with nursing rooms) but they were used. The roote of individual counseling was 84.3%. The frequency counseling was six times a year for about 15 minutes. Obesity counseling records were kept 93.6% of the time and individual information cards were kept 98.7% of the time. The frequency of parents counseling was 42.8% and the survey shows that the main problem here was insufficient counseling facilities. The frequency of dietary guidance and exercise therapy was 84.3% and the dietary instructor was usually the school nurse at 51.7%. The frequency of obesity student exercise was 1-2 times a week and more-than-10-minutes at a time. They skip rope during the morning self-study class. The number on problem of exercise guidance at 56.2% was students' non-cooperativeness. School-nurses, 87.9%, answered that obesity management at school is necessary and 86.9% mentioned the shortage of obesity related information in present physical exercise books. From the plural responses of executing the obesity management, there are many similar problems: lack of knowledge and non-cooperation in parents at 41.9%, is predominant followed by of knowledge and non-cooperation in the children. The third problem is the lack of funds and facilities.