• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1276-1284
• /
• 2012

A 12-wk experiment was conducted to examine the hematological changes, survival, and respiratory exchange in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, during starvation. The growth, survival and respiratory exchange rates of the starved group were lower than those of the fed group during the experiment. Blood analysis, including hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular volume, did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the fed and starved groups at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences in plasma cortisol, glucose, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$, or aspartate aminotransferase between the fed and starved groups (p>0.05). Alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in the starved group than in the fed group, whereas plasma osmolality was lower in the starved group than in the fed group. It was shown that starved fish had various problems after four weeks, which did not occur in the fed group. Long-term starvation is infrequent in aquaculture farms. However, starvation studies of this kind are very useful for a basic understanding of how physiological changes affect fish health, life expectancy, and growth.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 2004

[ $CO_2$ ]laser ablation rates for bulk 4H-SiC substrates and GaN/AIN/SiC templates in the range 229-870 ${\mu}m.min^{-1}$ were obtained for pulse energies of 7.5-30 mJ over diameters of 50·500 ${\mu}m$ with a Q-switched pulse width of ${\sim}30$ nsec and a pulse frequency of 8 Hz. The laser drilling produces much higher etch rates than conventional dry plasma etching (0.2 - 1.3 ${\mu}m/min$) making this an attractive maskless option for creating through-wafer via holes in SiC or GaN/AlN/SiC templates for power metal-semiconductor field effect transistor applications. The via entry can be tapered to facilitate subsequent metallization by control of the laser power and the total residual surface contamination can be minimized in a similar fashion and with a high gas throughput to avoid redeposition. The sidewall roughness is also comparable or better than conventional via holes created by plasma etching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.05b
• /
• pp.16-19
• /
• 2002

(Ba,Sr)TiO3(BST) thin film is an attractive material for the application in high-density dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) because of the high relative dielectric constant and small variation in dielectric properties with frequency. In this study, (Ba0.6,Sr0.4)TiO3 thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates were deposited by a sol-gel method and the CF4/Ar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching behavior of BST thin films had been investigatedby varying the process parameters such as chamber pressure, ICP power, and substrate bias voltage. To analysis the composition of surface residue following etching BST films etched with different Ar/CF4 gas mixing ratio were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2000

MgO thin films were deposited using $Mg(tmhd)_2$ as a precursor dissolved in a solvent by electrostatic spray pyrolysis. When a pure tetra hydro furan was used as a solvent, a large number of particles appeared on the MgO thin film surface due to homogeneous nucleation. However, by adding 1-butyl alcohol or 1-octyl alcohol to THF, homogeneous nucleation was restricted and the number density of the large particles was also drastically reduced. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the MgO films had a (100) preferred orientation regardless of the type of solvents used. Characterization using Fourier Transformed-Infrared and spectroscopic photometer revealed that the crystallized MgO thin films on the glass substrate had a high optical transmittance (> 85 %) in the visible range. Discharge characteristics of MgO thin films deposited by ESP method on an alternating-current plasma display panel were compared with a MgO thin film prepared by reactive radio-frequency planar magnetron sputtering.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.7
• /
• pp.618-623
• /
• 2006

Hydrogenated Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF PECVD) method on silicon substrates using methane $(CH_4)$ and hydrogen $(H_2)$ gas. The wear track on the DLC films was examined after the ball-on disk (BOD) measurement with a Raman mapping method. The BOD measurement of the DLC films was performed for 1 to 3 hours with a 1-hour step time. The sliding traces on the hydrogenated DLC film after the BOD measurement were also observed using an optical microscope. The surface roughness and cross-sectional images of the wear track were obtained using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The novel Raman mapping method effectively shows the graphitization of DLC films of $300{\mu}m\times300{\mu}m$ area according to the sliding time by G-peak positions (intensities) and $I_D/I_G$ ratios.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.88.1-88.1
• /
• 2013

We have investigated vertical motions of plasma in the pores and changes of the motions with height by using high time and spatial resolutions data obtained by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope (NST). We infer the LOS velocity by applying the bisector method to the wings of CaII 854.2 nm line profile. We find that (1) upflow velocity in the pores decreases with height and turns into downward in the upper chromosphere; (2) 3 min and 5 min oscillations are found from the Doppler velocity in the pore at various wavelengths from the wing (${\pm}2.35{\AA}$) to the core (${\pm}1.25{\AA}$) of the CaII line; and (3) power of high (low) frequency oscillation obtained from the CaII intensity increases (decreases) with height. We discuss the physical implications of our results in view of the connection of LOS plasma flows in a concentrated magnetic flux (pore) between the photosphere and the low chromosphere.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.127-130
• /
• 2006

DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) films show very desirable surface interactions with high hardness, low friction coefficient, and good wear-resistance properties. The friction behavior of hydrogenated DLC film is dependent on tribological environment, especially surrounding temperature. In this work, the tribological behaviors of DLC (Diamond-like carbon) films, prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) method, were studied in elevated temperatures. The ball-on-disk tests with DLC films on steel specimens were conducted at a sliding speed of 60 rpm, a load of 10N, and surrounding various temperatures of $25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C\;and\;75^{\circ}C$. The results show considerable dependency of DLC tribological parameters on temperature. The friction coefficient decreased as the surrounding temperature increased. After tests the wear tracks of hydrogenated DLC film were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface roughness and 3-D images of wear track were also obtained by an atomic force microscope (AFM).

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.27.3-27.3
• /
• 2011

The plasmasphere is filled with the ions and electron transported mostly from the mid-latitude ionosphere. In the topside ionosphere where the $O^+$ ions are still major ions, the $O^+$ ions are in chemical equilibrium with the $H^+$ ions and exchange their charges with each other's parent atoms with similar rates in both reactions. During the day, the newly produced $H^+$ ions flow upward to fill the plasmasphere while they flow downward and contribute to the maintenance of the ionospheric density at night under the geomagnetically quiet condition. The ionosphere and plasmasphere are coupled by these plasma fluxes and therefore strongly affect each other. In order to study these coupling we utilized the plasma density measurements from JASON satellite. This satellite measures vertical total electron content (TEC) from the ground to the satellite orbit (about 1336 km) and slant TEC from the satellite orbit to much higher GPS satellites by using the on-board dual-frequency altimeter and GPS receiver, respectively. The former measurement can represent the ionospheric TEC while the latter can represent the plasmaspheric TEC in the equatorial region. We compared these data with different seasons, solar activities and local times, and the results will be presented.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.588-593
• /
• 2010

Sputter deposition on a Pt counter electrode was studied using radio frequency (RF) plasma as the improvement of incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Effects of the sputtering thickness and the incident angle on a Pt counter electrode for DSCs were investigated. Experiments to get the optimal sputtering time for the performance of the DSCs were carried out. And it is found that the optimized sputtering time was 120 seconds, in addition, the incident angles of the substrate was adjusted from $0^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$. The maximum efficiency of 5.37% was obtained at the incident angle of $40^{\circ}$ with an active cell area of $1cm^2$.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2002

The Decomposition of NO$_2$ (nitrogen dioxide), one of the Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP), was studied by utilizing the SPCP (Surface induced discharge Plasma Chemical Processing) reactor so as to obtain optimum process variables and maximum decomposition efficiencies. Experimental results showed that for the frequency of 10kHz, the highest deco position efficiency of 84.7% for NO$_2$ was observed at the power consumptions of 20W. The decomposition efficiency of $NO_2$ was found to be: 1) proportional to the residence times, and inversely proportional to the initial concentrations of $NO_2$; 2) the maximum when the electrode diameter was 3mm; 3) influenced by the electrode material, decreasing in the order of W>Cu>Al; and 4) proportional to the $CH_4$ content, due to which the highest efficiency of 98% was obtained with almost all the $NO_2$ removed.