• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.305-316
• /
• 2013

Non-protein amino acid, ${\beta}$-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA), has been involved in diverse physiological processes including seedling growth, stress tolerance and disease resistance of many plant species. In the current study, treatment of kimchi cabbage seedlings with BABA significantly reduced primary root elongation and cotyledon development in a dose-dependent manner, which adverse effects were similar to the plant response to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application. BABA was synergistically contributing ABA-induced growth arrest during the early seedling development. Kimchi cabbage leaves were highly damaged and seedling growth was delayed by foliar spraying with high concentrations of BABA (10 to 20 mM). BABA played roles differentially in in vitro fungal conidial germination, mycelial growth and conidation of necrotroph Alternaria brassicicola causing black spot disease and hemibiotroph Colletotrichum higginsianum causing anthracnose. Pretreatment with BABA conferred induced resistance of the kimchi cabbage against challenges by the two different classes of fungal pathogens in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that BABA is involved in plant development, fungal development as well as induced fungal disease resistance of kimchi cabbage plant.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2009

This research was accomplished to screen the cultivar which is suitable in organic cultivation of the broccoli having good horticultural characteristics and the resistance to black rot. Thirteen cultivars of the broccoli were planted at Gangwon alpine areas of Pyeongchang county and Gangneung city and investigated the horticultural characteristics in 2006. Everybro, Tamsuerun, Nockjae, and Pilgrim had good horticultural characteristics in all two experimental fields. The resistance and susceptible reactions regarding the black rot of broccoli cultivars were different from according to two fields. This result means that physiological race of black rot pathogen distribute in Gangwon alpine areas. Everybro and Nockguck were resistance to black rot in all two experimental fields. Also these two cultivars had good horticultural characteristics. We recommend that Everybro and Nockguck will be suitable in organic cultivation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2003

Turnip crinkle vims (TCV) inoculation onto resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Dijon（Di-17) leads to a hypersensitive response (HR) on the inoculated leaves. A dominant gene, HRT, which confers an HR to TCV, has been cloned from Di-17 plants by map-based cloning. HRT is a LZ-NBS-LRR class resistance gene and it belongs to a small gene family that includes RPP8, which confers resistance to Peronospora parasitica Emco5. Outside of the LRR region, HRT and RPP8 proteins share 98% amino acid identity while their LRR regions are less conserved (87% identity). HRT-transformed Arabidopsis plants developed an HR but generally remained susceptible to TCV due to a dominant RRT allele, which is not compatible with resistance. However, several transgenic plants that over-expressed HRT much higher than Di-l7 showed micro-HR or no HR when inoculated with TCV and were resistant to infection. Both the HR and resistance are dependent on salicylic acid but independent of NPRI, ethylene, or jasmonic acid. Arabidopsis plants containing both TCV coat protein gene and HRT developed massive necrosis and death in seedlings, indicating that the TCV coat protein is an avirulence factor detected by the HRT.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2004

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) accumulate in the leaves of barley during cold acclimation, where they may inhibit ice recrystallization and produce freezing resistance of the plant. Four parental diallel crosses of the barley varieties were used to determine the heritability of AFPs and the relationship between the accumulation level of AFPs and freezing resistance. The concentration of apoplastic proteins in the cold-acclimated leaves was increased in the mean by four-fold over as compared with that of nonacclimated. The diallel cross analyses revealed that the gene of Sacheon 6 was dominant and those of Reno and Dongbori 1 were recessive. The AFPs had high narrow-sense heritabilities. The general combining ability effects of Reno and Dongbori 1 were much higher than the other parents. The bands of 32-kD for GLP, 35-& 28-kD for CLP and 25-, 22- & 16-kD for TLP were observed in the apoplastic extracts from cold-acclimated plants, but there were no clear differences between the parents and Fl hybrids. The concentrations of AFPs were significantly correlated with the degree of freezing resistance, indicating that the concentration of AFPs in the plant is the very important factor for freezing resistance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2002

Physico-chemical properties of the activated sludges(Suyoung and Changlim treatment plant), such as SVI(sludge volume index), absorbance, specific surface area, and specific resistance using Buchener funnel test were investigated with changing anaerobic storage time. This experimental condition was found that it was possible to estimate a linear relationship between their parameters such as specific surface area specific resistance, and sludge volume index(SVI). The specific surface area and the specific resistance to filtration of the activated sludges of Suyoung and Changlim treatment plant were found as 123.6~136.6$m^2$/gDS and 41.5~44.9$m^2$/gDS(dry solid), and 1.09$\times$10$^{14}$ ~5.48$\times$10$_{14}$ m/kg and 1.05$\times$10$^{14}$ ~2.48$\times$10$^{14}$ m/kg, respectively. The results gave a good linear relationship between the specific surface area and the specific resistance, r=2.25$\times$10$^{12}$ s-8.10$\times$10$^{13}$ ($R^2$=0.8885) at Suyoung treatment plant and r=1.26$\times$10$^{13}$ s-4.75$\times$10$^{14}$ ($R^2$=0.8756) at Changlim treatment plant.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 1994

Mycelial growth resistant isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea to benomyl showed 99~79% spore germination on the PSA media supplemented with 200~2,100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl to manifest the high cross-resistance in spore germination. Mycelial growth, 23~9 mm in colony diameter, also manifested the high cross-resistance of mycelial growth together with similarity of spore forming cross-resistance. Benomyl resistant isolates BR1, BR2 and BR3, grew 23~10 mm in colony diameter at 330~3,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of captafol, captan and oxine-copper showing the high double resistance of mycelial growth and spore formation with minor difference. However, within concentration range of the 3 fungicides tested, germinations of all the tested isolates were completely suppressed to show no double-resistance in the fungal spore germination.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.537-544
• /
• 1998

We selected Spathiyhyllum patinii and Pachira aqkatica, since the former has high O3 absorption while the latter low absorption, and analyzed physiological factors such as diffusive coefficient, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, and CO2 absorption rate, which affected O3 absorption capacity There was significant relationship between gas absorption capacity and the other factors; photosynthetic rate, diffusive resistance, stomatal resistance and CO2 absorption rate. Therefore model formula for estimation of O3 absorption rate in plant was formulated by making use of these factors. There was difference for the estimation of O3 absorption rate according to plant species. In case of Spathiphyllum patinii, photosynthetic rate is an optimal factor for estimation of O3 absorption capacity. On the other hand, stomatal resistance and diffusive resistance are optimal factors of Pachira aquatica among various physiological ones. And we knew that CO2 absorption rate is a potential factor to evaluate gas absorption capacity regardless of plant species. But considering efficiency and practicality, diffusive resistance was the most effective factor for the estimation of O3 gas absorption.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.389-399
• /
• 2009

A group of beneficial plant bacteria has been shown to increase crop growth referring to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR can decrease plant disease directly, through the production of antagonistic compounds, and indirectly, through the elicitation of a plant defense response termed induced systemic resistance (ISR). While the mechanism of PGPR-elicited ISR has been studied extensively in the model plant Arabidopsis, it is less well characterized in crop plants such as pepper. In an effort to better understand the mechanism of ISR in crop plants, we investigated the induction of ISR by Bacillus cereus strain BS107 against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria in pepper leaves. We focused on the priming effect of B. cereus strain BS107 on plant defense genes as an ISR mechanism. Of ten known pepper defense genes that were previously reported to be involved in pathogen defense signaling, the expression of Capsicum annum pathogenesis-protein 4 and CaPR1 was systemically primed by the application of strain BS107 onto pepper roots confirming by quantitative-reverse transcriptase PCR. Our results provide novel genetic evidence of the priming effect of a rhizobacterium on the expression of pepper defense genes involved in ISR.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2018

Certain beneficial microorganisms isolated from rhizosphere soil promote plant growth and induce resistance to a wide variety of plant pathogens. We obtained 49 fungal isolates from the rhizosphere soil of paprika plants, and selected 18 of these isolates that did not inhibit tomato seed germination for further investigation. Based on a seed germination assay, we selected four isolates for further plant tests. Treatment of seeds with isolate JF27 promoted plant growth in pot tests, and suppressed bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pathovar (pv.) tomato DC3000. Furthermore, expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) gene was higher in the leaves of tomato plants grown from seeds treated with JF27; expression remained at a consistently higher level than in the control plants for 12 h after pathogen infection. The phylogenetic analysis of a partial internal transcribed spacer sequence and the b-tubulin gene identified isolate JF27 as Aspergillus terreus. Taken together, these results suggest that A. terreus JF27 has potential as a growth promoter and could be used to control bacterial speck disease by inducing resistance in tomato plants.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.55-56
• /
• 2018

Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-Rs) are major elements creating new genome structure for expansion of plant genomes. However, in addition to the genome expansion, the role of LTR-Rs has been unexplored. In this study, we constructed new reference genome sequences of two pepper species (Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense), and updated the reference genome of C. annuum. We focused on the study for speciation of Capsicum spp. and its driving forces. We found that chromosomal translocation, unequal amplification of LTR-Rs, and recent gene duplications in the pepper genomes as major evolutionary forces for diversification of Capsicum spp. Specifically, our analyses revealed that the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat proteins (NLRs) were massively created by LTR-R-driven retroduplication. These retoduplicated NLRs were abundant in higher plants, and most of them were lineage-specific. The retroduplication was a main process for creation of functional disease-resistance genes in Solanaceae plants. In addition, 4-10% of whole genes including highly amplified families such as MADS-box and cytochrome P450 emerged by the retroduplication in the plants. Our study provides new insight into creation of disease-resistance genes and high-copy number gene families by retroduplication in plants.