• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2015

The biosorption process has been established as characteristics of dead biomasses of both cellulosic and microbial origin to bind metal ion pollutants from aqueous suspension. The high effectiveness of this process even at low metal concentration, similarity to ion exchange treatment process, but cheaper and greener alternative to conventional techniques have resulted in a mature biosorption technology. Yet its adoption to large scale industrial wastewaters treatment has still been a distant reality. The purpose of this review is to make in-depth analyses of the various aspects of the biosorption technology, staring from the various biosorbents used till date and the various factors affecting the process. The design of better biosorbents for improving their physico-chemical features as well as enhancing their biosorption characteristics has been discussed. Better economic value of the biosorption technology is related to the repeated reuse of the biosorbent with minimum loss of efficiency. In this context desorption of the metal pollutants as well as regeneration of the biosorbent has been discussed in detail. Various inhibitions including the multi mechanistic role of the biosorption technology has been identified which have played a contributory role to its non-commercialization.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.402-414
• /
• 2018

Species identification of wood provides important information for archaeology, restoration of cultural assets, preventing illegal logging, and more. Wood species are usually identified based on their anatomical features with the use of a microscope. However, this method may not be able to distinguish between anatomically similar species or subspecies. To overcome this problem, wood species need to be identified at the molecular level using DNA sequencing. However, unlike living plant cells, wood is difficult to pulverize using a mortar, and DNA extraction from dried wood is challenging. To solve these problems, we propose a pretreatment method in which wood is pulverized using 60-grit sandpaper and hydrated with water for 2 days. Using this method, we were able to stably amplify the rpoB gene from the extracted DNA of Pinus rigida. In addition, sequence analysis of the rpoB gene revealed six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which classified the rpoB sequences in the genus Pinus into five groups. Our data indicate that although these SNPs were not suitable for species identification, they can potentially be used to determine the origin of different wood subspecies or individual samples of wood.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to determined the antioxidant activities, anticancer and immuno-activities of anthocyanin fraction from Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits (Bokbunja). Anthocyanin fraction extracted from Bokbunja revealed the presence of three anthocyanin components, which were tentatively identified as cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside, cyanidin 3-O-xylosylrutinoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside using RP-HPLC/DAD/MS. The anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja always showed reducing power and high scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxy radical (OH) and superoxide anion radical ($O_2{^-}$) similar to general synthetic antioxidant and polyphenol compounds from plant origin. Anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja showed high inhibition on proliferation of LNCaP and A549 cells and did not inhibit the proliferation of other cancer cells. Immuno-activities of Anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja were investigated, it showed high promotion of human B and T cells growth about 50% and secretion of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ by treatment after 6 days. Over all, the result of the study suggest that anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja displays antioxidant activity comparable to that general synthetic antioxidant, also, anthocyanin fraction from Bokbunja are expected to be good candidate for development into source of anticaner and immuno-activator agent in food industry.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate into the etymology of 218 species names for 128 woody herbal medicines in Korea. Methods : The examined herbalogical books and research paper which published at home and abroad. Results ; This study was conducted to investigate into the etymology of 218 species names for 128 woody herbal medicines in Korea. The origins of species names for woody herbal medicines in Korea were in order of the local place name by thirty seven(16.97%), the dialects and old name by twenty two(10.09%), the morphological characters of leaves by twenty(9.17%), the plant's constituents and uses by fifty(6.88%), the person's name by fifty(6.88%), the other's generic names and species names by thirteen(5.96%), the morphological characters of flowers by twelve(5.50%), the morphological characters of stems by twelve(5.50%), the words meaning a number by twelve(5.50%), the relative characteristic by comparing with the same genus by twelve(5.50%), and so on. Conclusion : According to the investigation which origin of species names of woody herbal medicines from herbalogy textbook, the number of species names of herbal medicine originated from the local place names by 37(16.97%) was the most of all.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.285-295
• /
• 1990

Floristic composition and soil properties were analyzed in red pine($Pinus densiflora$) communities in the limestone areas. Tanyang, Ch ungbuk Province in Korea. The tree layer was composed of $Juniperus rigida, Quercus dentata, Q. mongolica$ and others as well as $P. densiflora$, all of which also appeared in soils of grinite origin The shrub layer was dominated by $Q. dentata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Securinega suffruticosa, Abelia coreana$ and $Uimus davidiana$ for $suberosa$. Among these $A. coreana$ and $U. davidiana$ for $suberosa$ belonged to calcicole plant. The herb layer dominated by $Carex lanceolata$. Soil pH ranged 7.9-8.3. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the soil were lower than those of noncalcareous soils. However, exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were 10 times and 2~3 times greater than those of noncalcreous soils, respectively. The difference of soil texture between top soil(loam soil) and subsoil(sand soil), and higher soil organic matter content than noncalcareous red pine forest soils seemed related to the casts forming activities of earthworms.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.408-414
• /
• 2001

Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) is an essential enzyme for polyamine synthesis and growth in mammalian cells and plants. We compared the biochemical and immunological properties of rat and Nicotiana glutinosa ODC by cloning and expressing the recombinant proteins. The primary amino acid sequence between rat and N. glutinosa ODC had a 40% homology The molecular weight of the overexpressed rat ODC was 53 kDa, and that of N. glutinosa was 46.5 kDa. Adding 1 mM of putrescine to the enzyme reaction mixture inhibited both rat and N. glutinosa ODC activity to 30%. Agmatine had an inhibitory effect only on N. glutinosa ODC. Cysteine and lysine modifying reagents reduced both ODC activities, verifying the key roles of cysteine and lysine residues in the catalytic mechanism of ODC. ELISA was performed to characterize the immunological difference between the rat and plant ODC. Both the rat and N. glutinosa ODC were recognized by the polyclonal antibody that was raised against purified N. glutinosa ODC, but the rat ODC was 50-fold less sensitive to the antibody binding. These results indicate that even though both ODCs have the same evolutionary origin, there seems to be a structural distinction between the species.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.4.1-4.13
• /
• 2012

When medicine is unable to cure, and the end becomes imminent, or when the patient is tired of the side effects associated with chronic use of drugs, the search for alternative and new ways of healing is begun. Coincidentally, sometimes the alternative is the origin, as is the case for traditional Arab medicine and traditional American Indian healing. Traditional healing is the first healing that all people have used for 200,000 years, since the beginning of Homo sapiens. The sources and elements of traditional Arab medicine have been examined in books and by consulting with traditional Arab healers. Arabic medicine is a career combining both elements of science and philosophy based on religion and traditions, and includes a diversity of healing approaches: spiritual, physical, and using natural products. These approaches are discussed with emphasis on wet cupping (Alhijamah), a practice that is undergoing a revival nowadays in Arab countries. American Indian healing is a career based on religion, tradition, an innate healing gift and extensive training, both in a medical school setting and as an apprentice. Arabic healing approaches are compared to American Indian healing approaches.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.43 no.2 s.134
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 2005

A survey was carried out from August to December 2004 in Pusan, Korea to document the presence of free-living amoeba (FLA), including the genus Acanthamoeba, in both contact lens storage cases and domestic tap water. Acanthamoeba was isolated from $5(4.2\%)$ in 120 contact lens storage cases. Four house tap water samples from residents, whose contact lens storage cases had been contaminated by Acanthamoeba, were also found to be contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Therefore, the contamination rate of FLA and Acanthamoeba in domestic tap water was investigated in order to examine the role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination of contact lens storage cases. FLA and Acanthamoeba were identified in $97(46.8\%)\;and\;16(7.7\%)$ of the 207 domestic tap water samples, respectively. There were no significant differences between the contamination rates of FLA in tap water according to the filtration plant of origin. No FLA was detected in the tap water directly supplied by the water purification plants. Water storage tanks appear to promote FLA colonization, including Acanthamoeba, in domestic tap water. This increases the risk of Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases as well as increasing the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1999

In order to examine the degree of heavy metal pollutions around Samcheonpo and Youngkwang power plants, marine sediment samples were analyzed to determine heavy metal contents. Some of these sediment samples were also analyzed by using of a sequential extraction technique to know geochemical forms of the metals. The results showed that the spatial distribution of heavy metals coincided very well with those of mean grain size, carbonates and organic matters. The chemical speciation data using sequential extraction analysis also showed that a considerable amount of heavy metals except for Mn were bounded in the residual fraction, which mode of occurrence of heavy metals was generally interpreted as being the result of the lithogenic origin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to understand the contamination patterns of Listeria in pork processing plants. A total of 402 samples were collected from carcass, pork during processing, surfaces of equipment and environment, and 238 isolates of Listeria species were identified. L. innocua was found in 64.7% of the isolates, L. monocytogenes in 33.2%, and L. welshimeri in 2.1%. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis performed to investigate the origin and routes of Listeria contamination, showed 21 composite types of L. monocytogenes and 26 composite types of L. innocua. It was confirmed that Listeria contamination begins with contaminated incoming carcass and ever-present contaminants in the processing environments. The persistence and dissemination of the same strain of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua throughout the processing line revealed that the sanitation standard operating procedure should be implemented to minimize the risk of colonization in the workplace. Molecular subtyping of L. innocua allowed us to tracing the possibility of cross-contamination during processing.