• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2017

In the active SONAR system, various studies have been carried out to enhance the resolution of a received signal. In order to obtain higher resolution for detecting a bottoming cylindrical object, the design of a planar array for SONAR is investigated in this paper. It is necessary to employ planar structures for SONAR array to obtain narrower beam pattern which gives high resolution. In this study, the transmit frequency of each acoustic transducer, which consists of an array is 13 kHz. For efficient detection of a target of an asymmetric size, the concept of areal angle is applied, which considers resolution according to both azimuth and elevation angles in array design. In the design, the areal angle is first investigated to satisfy the resolution requirements, and then based on the value of areal angles, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle are calculated respectively to design an array.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.489.2-489.2
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• 2014

The planar type flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) based on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) thin films on the flexible substrates are demonstrated to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. The planar type energy harvesters have been realized, which have an electrode pair on the PZT thin films. The PZT thin films were deposited on double side polished sapphire substrates using conventional RF-magnetron sputtering. The PZT thin films on the sapphire substrates were transferred by PDMS stamp with laser lift-off (LLO) process. KrF excimer laser (wavelength: 248nm) were used for the LLO process. The PDMS stamp was attached to the top of the PZT thin films and the excimer laser induced onto back side of the sapphire substrate to detach the thin films. The detached thin films on the PDMS stamp transferred to adhesive layer coated on the flexible polyimide substrate. Structural properties of the PZT thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To measure piezoelectric power generation characteristics, Au/Cr inter digital electrode (IDE) was formed on the PZT thin films using the e-beam evaporation. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were measured by a ferroelectric test system (Precision Premier-II) and piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), respectively. The output signals of the flexible PEHs were evaluated by electrometer (6517A, Keithley). In the result, the transferred PZT thin films showed the ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics without electrical degradation and the fabricated flexible PEHs generated an AC-type output power electrical energy during periodically bending and releasing motion. We expect that the flexible PEHs based on laser transferred PZT thin film is able to be applied on self-powered electronic devices in wireless sensor networks technologies. Also, it has a lot of potential for high performance flexible piezoelectric energy harvester.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2325-2331
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• 2012

Planar square-spiral antenna using a strip conductor is proposed and analyzed for RFID system in UHF band operating from 860MHz to 960MHz. By varying the length of common line, detached distance, strip line-space, strip line-width and the number of spiral turn, the optimized antenna are designed and fabricated in compact size without a matching-stub between the input port of the proposed antenna and RFID tag chip. From the optimized results, the frequency bandwidth in VSWR<2 has covered 100MHz in the RFID UHF band. The antenna gain has obtained 3.5dBi at the center frequency of 910MHz and the desired beam pattern has shown directional pattern on elevation and azimuth angle. Therefore, the proposed antenna is suitable for practical RFID applications requiring various tag chips with the specific input impedance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1963-1970
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• 1998

In this paper, a two-dimensional slotline coupling structure is proposed for the planar active phased array antenna system with scanning the beam by coupled oscillators without phase shifters. The operating characteristics are analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed two-dimensional slotline coupling structure consists of $|{=}|$-type slotline in the ground plane for the coupling of E-plane and H-plane. From the simulation results of coupling strength with the variation of width, length and the number of slotlines, the optimal coupling structure is proposed and applied to $2{\times}5$ elements of planear phased array antenna. The experimental results show that the beamwidth of E-plane and H-pland are $42^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$, respectivly, and the scanning range is from $-20^{\circ}$ to $15^{\circ}$ from the broadside. Therefore, it is shown the two-dimensional slotline coupling structure for oscillator-type active phased array antenna can be applied to the planar phased array antenna system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.812-819
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• 2012

Interference and jamming are becoming increasing concern to a radar system nowdays. AESA(Active Electronically Steered Array) antennas and adaptive beamforming(ABF), in which antenna beam patterns can be modified to reject the interference, offer a potential solution to overcome the problems encountered. In this paper, we've developed a planar active phased array radar system, in which ABF, target detection and tracking algorithm operate in real-time. For the high output power and the low noise figure of the antenna, we've designed the S-band TRMs based on GaN HEMT. For real-time processing, we've used wavelenth division multiplexing technique on fiber optic communication which enables rapid data communication between the antenna and the signal processor. Also, we've implemented the HW and SW architecture of Real-time Signal Processor(RSP) for adaptive beamforming that uses SMI(Sample Matrix Inversion) technique based on MVDR(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response). The performance of this radar system has been verified by near-field and far-field tests.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.468-473
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• 2009

Selective area epitaxy of multiple-stacked InP/InGaAs structures were grown by chemical beam epitaxy. The width of top of the multiple-stacked InP/InGaAs layer which were selectively grown on the stripe lines parallel to the <011> direction was narrowed, while the width of top of the multiple-stacked InP/InGaAs layer on the stripe lines parallel to the <01-1> was widen. This difference according to the <011> and <01-1> direction was explained by the growth of InGaAs <311>A and B faces on the (100) InP surface on the stripe lines parallel to the <01-1> direction. Under growth rate of $1\;{\mu}m/h$, top of the multiple-stacked InP/InGaAs was flattened as the pressure of group V gas was decreased. This phenomenon was understood by the saturation of group V element on the surface.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4405-4410
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• 2015

Two-dimensional displacements are obtained from the sandwiched patterns, which superpose two linearly-periodic patterns orthogonally, respectively. The transparent top pattern is identified by deflection of the laser beam due to a difference of refractivity and the opaque bottom pattern is identified by deviation of the beam intensity due to a difference of reflectance. In the sample setup, the top pattern made up of build-up film is manufactured by UV laser machining and the bottom pattern is manufactured by ultra-precision trench machining and deposition for aluminum plate. The proposed decoding method is verified experimentally using the $10{\mu}m$ equally spaced sample patterns and the devised optical system. The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.500-506
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• 2002

This paper presents a design of wide angle steering microstrip Rotman lens operating over broadband frequency range for Electronic Warfare equipments. It has a compact and simple structure which it is easy to manufacture repetitively. The lens is modelled as a 2-dimension planar circuit, the contour integral method is performed over entire lens contour and the transmission coefficients from 8 beam ports to 8 array ports are found. The measured results are well agreed with those of analysis. Prediction of the multibeam array pattern fed by linear array antenna shows $\pm$65$^{\circ}$ of beam steering and $\pm$5 dB insertion loss deviation over 3:1 frequency range.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.715-732
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• 2020

High-strength steel composite Y-eccentrically braced frame (Y-HSS-EBF) is a novel structural system. In this study, the spatial substructure hybrid simulation test (SHST) method is used to further study the seismic performance of Y-HSS-EBF. Firstly, based on the cyclic loading tests of two single-story single-span Y-HSS-EBF planar specimens, a finite element model in OpenSees was verified to provide a reference for the numerical substructure analysis model for the later SHST. Then, the SHST was carried out on the OpenFresco test platform. A three-story spatial Y-HSS-EBF model was taken as the prototype, the top story was taken as the experimental substructure, and the remaining two stories were taken as the numerical substructure to be simulated in OpenSees. According to the test results, the validity of the SHST was verified, and the main seismic performance indexes of the SHST model were analyzed. The results show that, the SHST based on the OpenFresco platform has good stability and accuracy, and the results of the SHST agree well with the global numerical model of the structure. Under strong seismic action, the plastic deformation of Y-HSS-EBF mainly occurs in the shear link, and the beam, beam-columns and braces can basically remain in the elastic state, which is conducive to post-earthquake repair.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.625-638
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel approach that describes the first-order (linear elastic) partial interaction analysis of members formed by multi-components based on the Generalised Beam Theory (GBT). The novelty relies on its ability to accurately model the partial interaction between the different components forming the cross-section in both longitudinal and transverse directions as well as to consider the cross-sectional deformability. The GBT deformations modes, that consist of the conventional, extensional and shear modes, are determined from the dynamic analyses of the cross-section represented by a planar frame. The partial interaction is specified at each connection interface between two adjacent elements by means of a shear deformable spring distributed along the length of the member. The ease of use of the model is outlined by an application performed on a multi-component member subjected to an eccentric load. The values calculated with an ABAQUS finite element model are used to validate the proposed method. The results of the numerical applications outline the influence of specifying different rigidities for the interface shear connection and in using different order of polynomials for the shape functions specified in the finite element cross-section analysis.