• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2014

This study is to diagnose the present superintendent election and education standing committee system for improvement based upon Constitutional values of local education system. The findings are the followings. To improve the election system of superintendent it is recommended to maintain present election system rather than change it drastically since the present system ensure relatively more autonomy, expertise, and political neutrality of local education system. However, the qualification such as years of educational experiences of superintendent candidates need to be restored. Regarding education standing committee it suggest that all or at least 2/3 members need to be educational representatives rather than general representatives. For superintendent as well as education standing committee election, it needs to elaborate the vote ballet such as change of candidates name order by voting place to reduce its effects to election results. It also needs to strengthen public management of election such as expenses and TV forums among candidates.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.218-238
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• 2013

The objective of my paper is to investigate historical change in concepts of medical geography and to present its historical vision. Modern medical geography was established in the name of medical topography in Europe where it had to control tropical diseases in the course of exploration and voyages for colonial interests. England developed medical geography in the name of sanitary reform, France did so for civilizing mission, and geomedicine prevailed in Germany. The twentieth century witnessed two traditions of medical geography, with focus on disease ecology and medical care system, respectively. In addition, the paper emphasizes the significance of cartography of disease as knowledge as power. As the identity of place becomes increasingly important in relation to health at the around of the twenty-first century, geography of health has emerged as a new promising discipline independently of medical and public health geography.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2022

Social media big data includes a lot of information that can identify not only consumer consumption patterns but also local images. This paper was collected annually data including 'Samcheok' from 2015 to 2019 from Blog and Cafe of Naver and Daum in domestic portal site, and analyzed the regional image change after refining keyword which forms the regional image by performing text mining and network analysis. According to the research results, the regional image of 2015 was expressed with image cognitive elements of the nearby place name or place etc. such as 'Jangho Port', 'Donghae', and 'Beach'. However the regional image both 2016 and 2019 were changed with image cognitive elements of 'SamcheokSolbich' which is a special place within region. Therefore as the keywords related to the local image include 'Jangho Port' and Resort, which are the representative attractions of Samcheok, it can be seen that the infrastructure factor plays a big role in forming the local image. The significance test for the network data used the bootstrap technique, and the p-values in 2015, 2016, and 2019 were 0.0002, 0.0006, and 0.0002, respectively, which were found to be statistically significant at the significance level of 5%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 2011

This study focused on relevant rock names related to Sinsun(神仙) which had been settled as Taoist traces were combined with places. While interpreting major features of Sundoism relevant rocks, it also discussed types and places of rocks reflected in their names by considering distinct characteristics of landscape characters that ancestors viewed through the rocks or on the rocks. Conclusion of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Among the rock names related to Sinsun, the most frequently discovered one was Sinsunbawi(52) and followed by Sinsunbong(神仙峰: 38), Sinsundae(神仙臺: 31). Other than these, there were Gangsundae(降仙臺: 12), Sunyoodae (仙遊臺: 10) and Sasundae(四仙臺: 5). 2. In the name of Sinsundae, 'Dae(臺)' ascertains that it was located in greatly superb place in the aspects of viewpoint and appreciation where landscape superiority and overlook scenery were fair and outstanding. 3. Sinsunbong was named for a peak of mountain. At the same time, it implied a notion of worship with images of 'merging with sky' or 'looking up.' Most of time, Sinsunbong indicated the tallest rock in the mountain chain. 4. A significant number of Sinsunbong had names where legends of Sinsun's Go game or descent were originated from. It shows that 'Sinsun(仙) and Go game' used to be very important motives for folk etymology of Sinsun related rocks. Along with the Sinsundae, a number of Sinsunbawi were also turned out to exist in land and ocean with excellent marine view. 5. According to analysis of their altitudes and heights of the peaks where the rocks belong to, Sinsunbong, Sinsundae and Sinsunbawi were in order. It might indicate that the rocks were located on top of mountain or that Sinsunbong represented the mountain itself. Compared to this, Sinsundae was located in where distant panoramic views were overlooked. It was not necessarily to be in peak but in where with a great view like Taoist world. On the other hand, Sinsunbawi was located in where has fine scenery and great valley not so far from villages, which proved its name had been influenced by place feature not altitude. 6. Feature of rock with Sinsun related name is to comprise visual stability of worship object with close linkage to attitude of worshiper. Considering its deep connection with communicative method of worship object and worshiper, seemingly it was main factor to lead folk etymology of rocks with Sinsun related names. 7. Rock is an object with the greatest implication of Sinsun imagination and Sinsun rocks show most clearly the fact that Taoism, which used to be considered as inaccessible, had been actualized in a visual and realistic manner with the change of time.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This paper deals with a possible contribution to international relations and affairs by the discipline of geography and raises the necessity of a new field in geography that would study relations between nations. The proposed change of the name 'East Sea' is used as a case study in promoting international standardization. Two major international organizations oversee the international standardization of geographical names. One is the UN Conferences of the Standardization of the Geographical Names which work in association with the UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, and the other is the International Hydrographic Organization. These two organizations have in the past passed all the relevant resolutions pertaining to geographical names. From recent developments on the Korean Peninsula, however, it has become evident that international disputes on place names sometimes require a long process of consultation with the relevant parties. Efforts being made to restore the historically appropriate name of 'East Sea' as opposed to the 'Sea of Japan' have only now begun to diffuse in many areas. It would be appropriate if geographers could develop a new area of 'Geography of International Relations' that deals with WTO, oceans, environment and climatic issues, FAT, as well as territories and boundaries. Furthermore, it would improve the quality of discourse if geographers participated more in the decision-making processes in international affairs.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2018

The study on the government office building in Chungcheong Suyeong(忠淸水營) is very rare. How were the Gaeksa(客舍) and Dongheon(東軒) which are representative government office buildings in Suyeong, maintained and what was the aspect of it, while passing through the upheaval period of the end of Joseon(朝鮮)? And where was the original place and was there any change in use? It is so regrettable that these subjects were not figured out yet. So I thought it is very important task to figure out its actual aspect by investigating the maintain state of the Gaeksa and Dongheon and the change of their places. So this study examined the related historical records and, based on it, analyzed "Ocheon GoonJi(鰲川郡誌)" in various view points. Through this analysis, this study could figured out the maintain aspect of the gaeksa and dongheon and the change of their places, and be able to deduce the other change of the government office building. This study could assume the places of each government office buildings by comparing this investigated result and the analyzed result of the original cadastral map in various view points. As the result of the study done by this method, this study confirmed the maintain state of the Gaeksa and Dongheon in Chungcheong Suyeong while passing through the upheaval period of the end of Joseon. And this study figured out the places of the Gaeksa and Dongheon, and be able to confirm their places by the lot number on the original cadastral map. Along with this, this study could estimate Jo(趙) family's confliction with the residents at that time by verifying the lot numbers of the Sapaeji(賜牌地) which this family received from the government. And among the names of the government office buildings, for the Jangkyocheong(將校廳) which is in dispute because of the name, this study figured out that the author of "Ocheon GoonJi" made a mistake in writing Dongheon.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1013-1016
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• 2005

Accounts of the development of a successful construction project often stress the importance of team relationship, project environment and senior management commitment. Numbers of studies carried out in the past decades indicate there needs to be a change of culture and attitude in the construction industry. In order for a turn around in the industry, relational contracting approaches have become more popular in recent years. However, not all relational contracting projects were successful. This paper details the fundamental principles of relational contracting. It further reports findings of a research currently taking place in Australia, how effective is relational contracting in practice. The problem addressed in this research is the implementation of relational contracting: • Throughout a range of projects • With a focus on client body staff The context within which the research was undertaken is: • Empowerment, regional development and promotion of a sustainable industry • The participating organisations have experience of partnering and alliancing • Success has been proven on large projects but performance is variable • Need has been identified to examine skill sets needed for successful partnering/alliancing The practical rationale behind this research is that: • Partnering and alliancing require a change of mind set - a culture change • The Client side must change along with contracting side • A fit is required between organisation structure and organisation culture Research Rationale: The rationale behind this project has been to conduct research within participating organisations, analyse, rationalise and generalise results and then move on to produce generic deliverables and "participating organisation specific" deliverables. This paper sets out the work so far, the links between the various elements and a plan for turning the research output into industry deliverables.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.25_1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2015

This paper took Jeonkyeong (典經) of Daesunjinrihoe(大巡眞理會) as the basic text and studied how Kangjeungsan(姜甑山), the Sangje (上帝), had embraced Chinese myth in process of formation of his religious thought focusing on Yan Emperor(炎帝) Shennong(神農) myth and Shanrangang(禪讓) myth (namely Danchu myth). First when we examine the myth surrounding Kangjeungsan's birth, it deeply emraced a feeling-birth myth(感生神話), we could realize that this is a universe motif through myth of hero birth in East Asia. Further judging from the analysis of geographic space of Kangjeungsan's activity, it included a variety of mythical and Daoist related place names. I think this is because of the fact that birth place of Kangjeungsan and the surrounding area is the locality of Xian(仙) tradition where major characters of Danhak sect(丹學派) have been turned out, and that Korean way of Xian suppressed by the regulatory system has been widely rooted in the public. Especially it's interesting that Jeungsan, the pen name of Kangjeungsan, ambiguously connotes Siru mountain(甑山), a place of his training, and the spiritual realm of the 『Zhouyicantongqi(周易參同契)』. Then I examined the God of fire Shennong myth which has been actively admitted and embraced by Kangjeungsan. Kangjeungsan put the root of his pedigree on Shennong and there is a close affinity between Shennong and Dongyi(東夷) such as Buyeo(夫餘), Goguryeo(高句麗), etc. These Dongyi spirits are losers against the Chinese major myth and beings of ressentiment. At the same time the predecessor of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun(九天應元雷聲普化天尊) who shares mythical characteristics with the God of fire Shennong was a formerly Taishi(太師) Wenzhong(聞仲) of Yin(殷) dynasty. He was defeated and died by Zhou(周) dynasty, and was deified. The fact that Kangjeungsan regarded himself as a descendent of Shennong and possessed divinity of Jiutianyingyuanleishengpuhuatianzun connotes that he represents all beings of ressentiment such as family of Yin and Dongyi. However, Kangjeungsan set a religious milestone by turning revenge for such ressentiment at tribe level into religious sublimation. At the end Shanrang myth which has been critically embraced by Kangjeungsan was reviewed. According to the existing Shanrang myth, Danchu(丹朱) was unworthy and not succeeded in the succession to the throne. Then good natured Emperor Shun(舜) succeeded to the throne from Emperor Yao(堯). However, the reality of Shanrang myth was a violent change of sovereign power and Danchu was a victim in the process of such violent change. Kangjeungsan shrewdly grasped the reality of ancient China and cast light on presence of Danchu. And he emphasized the need of religious sublimation of revenge, Haewon(解冤). His such awareness of culture had a close relation with revisionist standpoint of independent Danhak sect expressing a skeptical glance at systematic, commensurate and authentic historical view of Chinese civilization. And further Kangjeungsan cosmologically and causationally reinterpreted revenge of Danchu. He established a universal salvation theology which has a corresponsive connotation in regard to embracement of Shennong myth. In conclusion, embracement of Chinese myth by Kangjeungsan was a creative work of reinterpretation resulting in an inherent religious connotation through a process of appropriation, that is independent and selective introjection.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to impact of force system change in finger spring that add helical coil one round on orthodontic force. Methods: The following conclusions were drawn from the experiment conducted after bending 90 samples with a CNC wire forming machine while changing the height and lumen size to 1mm - 3mm - 5mm and 2mm - 3mm - 4mm respectively in the coil of the force system in finger spring added with one wheel of helical coil of 18-8 stainless steel round wire (${\Phi}0.5mm$, spring hard) from Jinsung Co. in domestic market under the following conditions: Laboratory name = Instron 5942; Temperature($deg^{\circ}C$) = 18.00; Humidity(%) = 50.00; Rate 1 = 10.00000 mm/min; Compressive extension = 5.0mm. Results: When Coil height is 1, 3, 5mm and lumen size is 2, 3, 4mm reduce finger spring as mean value of compressive extension occasion maximum load(mN) increases as coil height rises, and lumen size grows to 5.0mm. And was expose that compressive load(mN) increases as coil position of finger spring rises and increase as lumen size is decrescent. Conclusion: As the adherence height of coil was raised from 1mm through 3mm to 5mm, compressive load increased. As the lumen size increased from 2mm through 3mm to 4mm, compressive load decreased. Therefore, these results suggest that it is desirable to lower the coil height and enlarge the lumen size to enhance the biomechanical efficiency of finger spring when manufacturing the finger spring for removable orthodontic devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.97-109
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• 2008

This study first attempted to catch the transformational affairs and motives of the representative pavilion, Hanbyeok in Honam after its construction. Especially, it re-illuminated the morphologic, significant and functional change process of a pavilion after the early Joseon Dynasty by taking the local scenery, Hanbyeokdang as a sample, and considering the space and scenic characteristics, and diachronically understood its creation process and rebuilt its inherent positional meaning to reach the following conclusion. 1. Weoldanglu, at its early foundation, seems to have stressed the function of a private banquet and lecture hall to train younger students, and served as a reception space. Then the reception function gradually increased, and up to before 1530, it seems to have been called Weoldanglu(月塘樓) or Weoldangwon(月塘院). 2. In 1619, Governor Yoo Saek changed the pavilion name to Hanbyeokdang through the subject of a poem. 200 years after Weoldang's death, it became a public space called Hanbyeokdang, an amusement place in which scholars cultivated great morale, and participated in the sending-off and welcoming of predecessors and successors. This seems to have taken a foothold as a public event or entertainment space for the local administration, Jeonjuboo(全州府) through the remodeling process sponsored by the public. 3. Scenic language such as its indicating name, expression type and surrounding view through old map and so on, the shape of Hanbyeokdang evolved and changed to diverse types after the foundation of Weoldanglu, at the heart of which Hanbyeokdang with its two legs standing at a rock was located. 4. During the late 18th century, Hanbyeokdang seems to have been a wing corridor connected closely to the left corridor of the Jeonju stream bed, whose pattern is presumed to have existed even during the early 19308. Such changes in scenic language make us assume that diverse auxiliary space, a wing corridor, was erected for use as a public banquet and amusement spot of Jeonjuboo Castle, the inherent function of Hanbyeokdang after the mid 18th century. 5. Penetration of Hanbyeokgool and the erection of Hanbyeokgyo caused the change of the ancient shape of Hanbyeokdang. Specifically, a great Hanbyeokgyo passing by the pavilion changed the relative scale, so the pavilion image of pursuing unity with nature has lost the old inherent refinement and visual character.