• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-68
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• 2000

The Sacheon bay region functioned as a strategic place as the bay provided a major sea-route leading to the Kyungnam province. So it is no wonder that a number of castles and walls were located in such an outlying post of strategic importance. In the bay region there are found Sacheon, Gonyang and Seonghwangdang town castles, Yeegu, Seongbangri, Shinbyukdong, Duckgockri, Baekcheondong and Gaksan miltary castles, Seonjinri and Sadung Japanese castles, Kumseonri and Wueolseongri mud walls, Gaksan, Anjeom, Chimzi and Usan beacon-post walls, and Tongyang, Gasan and Jangam warehouse walls(사천읍성, 곤양읍성, 성황당산성, 이구산성, 성방리산성, 신벽동산성, 덕곡리산성, 백천동산성, 각산산성, 사등산성지, 선진리성, 금성리 토성, 월성리 토성지, 각산봉수대성, 안점봉수대성, 침지봉수대성지, 우산봉수대성, 통양창성지, 가산창성지, 장암창성). Castles are, according to their functions, classified into two: town castles and military castles. In the former castles people live permanently, but in the latter people do not. Military castles are occupied only in time of emergence. Beside the two types, two Japanese castles, two old mud walls, four beacon-post walls, and three warehouse-post walls are found in the Sacheon bay region. Castles are also classified into plain castles and mountain castles according to their location. Mud, stone, wood, and brick materials were used for castle and wall building. As the castles and walls of the bay region are precious cultural assets, they should be preserved and protected with much attention. It should be remembered that in the future they can be the most valuable tourist attractions all around.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to make a plan for the development of new tour routes for '98 Kyongju World Culture Exposition. The result of this study is as follow: First, over 40% of tourists from Kyongsang-buk-do Province vote for Kyongju Area as the most favorite tourist-oriented city in this province. And they are visiting Kyongju mostly in April(22.6%) and in May(17.8%). Second, cultural assets in Kyongju area are located at Inkyo-dong(16.8%), at Bohwang-dong(9.4%), at Topjong-dong(8.1%). at Mt. Namsan area(11.8%, 6.9% for Naenammyon, and 4.9% for Dodong-dong), and at the vicinity of Kyongju City(53.9%). Third, tourism enterprises in Kyongju Area are located mostly at one place-Pomun Lake Resort area. This fact have had bad influence on the influx of tourists. Lastly, current tour routes are limited mostly to the heart of Kyongju City. So, other attractive tour routes must be developed also in other tourism circles such as the East Sea Tourism Circle and the Northern Province Tourism Circle, which belong to the 6 tourism circles designated by Kyongju City but are now excluded from the current tour routes. In conclusion, this study proposes "98 Kyongju World Culture Exposition with Themes" related to the 6 tourism circles. The themes proposed are as follows: (1) The exploration of the historical places of the Shill a Kingdom in the heart of Kyongju City including Mt. Seoak area and Pulkuksa Temple area. (2) Smile with a new millenium in Pomun Lake Resort area. (3) The exploration of the Buddhist culture in Mt. Namsan. (4) The harmony between nature and culture in the East Sea Tourism Circle and the Northern Culture Circle.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Purpose - In urban regeneration projects, considerations for rejuvenating traditional public markets are becoming increasingly important. That is because the traditional market is not just a commercial space but also a living center for local people's existence. Cultural contents like these are invaluable assets in the contemporary economy. However, traditional markets are gradually declining because of changes in distribution systems and consumer lifestyles. New distribution systems such as modern distribution markets, home shopping, and online shopping malls made traditional markets less competitive. Further, traditional markets have not been able to adapt to the changing consumption styles of younger generations. Some say that it is a natural phenomenon that cannot be stopped. However, traditional markets are not just another distribution system but also a valuable resource that encapsulates the local people's tradition and history. Thus, a revitalization strategy for traditional public markets has become an urgent task in contemporary urban regeneration projects. This study aimed to find ways to activate traditional public markets by making it a community landmark based on visual merchandising perspectives. Research design and methodology - This study focused on analyzing Granville Island (Vancouver, Canada) as a role-model project for rejuvenating the traditional market. It investigated Granville Island both with walk-through evaluation and literature reviews. Results - We found that it has been developed not only to improve visual aspects, but also to promote cultural contents with high value added. For example, the developers maintained the visual elements that tell the original history of the site as an industrial factory. The renewal project had a balance between improving the outer look and creating attractive contents. The following are the merits of Granville Island that Korean traditional markets should note. First, they kept the whole area clean and hygienic. Second, merchants are well educated, business-savvy, and consumer-oriented. Third, the area's total environmental designs were done by professionals of a high caliber. Fourth, the city government and the merchants'association were collaborating well in their efforts to accommodate the changing needs of consumers. Conclusions - This study made the following suggestions as a conclusion. First, it will be a very powerful tool to rejuvenate the traditional market if we can discover unique cultural resources and develop them as cultural products, experiences, and events. Consumers of the 21st century have a strong tendency to consume not only material products, but also the experiences and memories attached to them. Second, in order to maintain the unique characteristics of traditional markets, fostering the viability of the merchants' association and local residents' society would be essential. Third, it is necessary to make the traditional market into a cultural place not only for the shopping patronage of local residents, but also for attracting tourists to increase sales. Finally, professional management and design approaches are needed in order to make the traditional market a pleasant space from a visual merchandising standpoint.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

Permanent water supply and water sprinkling systems are essential to protect major forests and facilities from forest fire. Back in 2005, Naksan Temple, a valuable cultural asset of Korea, was burned down in a forest fire that took place in Yangyang. This started a series of movements including installing water supply facilities and managing forests near important cultural assets. As for the existing facilities, however, they were installed without any standard guidelines for management and installation according to each constructor's specifications, which were based on the National Fire Safety Code 109. Unfortunately, this is not effective in protecting facilities from forest fires such as they have a small protection area, limited simultaneous sprinkling, and a difficult the movement of fire hose. Against this background, the study examines the condition of water supply facilities currently in use, identifies their deficiencies, and suggests how to improve the criteria for water supply service to effectively prevent forest fire. Specifically, three systems were proposed: Water Sprinkler Tower System for preventing spread of crown fires, and Forest Fire Hydrant System and Portable Water Spray System to be effective for suppressing surface fires. In addition, the standards on the performance and components of water pumps are also suggested.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.98-110
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• 2011

This study aims to furnish the basic data in securing momentum for taking interest in inheriting and developing the native local foods in Gimhae by examining the perception and awareness of the native local foods among the local residents in Gimhae, Gyeongnam Province. As the results of this study, the definition of native local foods was surveyed as follows. Foods that have been handed down for generations by using local agricultural products as their ingredients; a local food restaurant was the most preferred place to eat native local foods; the most chosen reason why they should eat native local foods was 'good for health'; as for the necessity of inheriting and developing the native local foods, most of them agreed, and it was because they felt they should protect their food culture; and 'native local foods contests' were the best way to promote the native local foods. As the results of analyzing the awareness of 12 kinds of native local foods in Gimhae, there were significant differences in Kongnamul-bab, Minmul Jangeo-gui, Gajuk-jaban, Kongip-mulkimchi by gender, in Hobakogari-namul, Moomallaengi-jangachi, Kongip-mulgimchi by ages, and in Kongnamul-bab, Gajuk-jaban, Kongip-mulgimchi by the residential districts. Accordingly, in order to inherit and develop the native local foods which are the precious cultural assets in Gimhae, there should be continued opportunities and interest to promote them through the local festivals and events along with publicity activities for the native local foods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2010

The royal tombs of the Joseon dynasty are very important cultural heritage with the palaces and Jongmyo. They being promoted as World Heritage of UNESCO and are archaeological sites that need to complex approach. The purpose of this study is to propose the restoration plan of Ureung Gunreung. The results are as follows: First. In the area of Ureung Gunreung, there are many land-use except the royal tombs such as a new town development site and industrial districts, cultural assets districts, They have to be removed and new routes have to be established same as the original form. Second The traditional trees such as a pine tree, a fir tree, a big cone pine and a rhododendron etc. have to be planted In the traditional forest We introduce upper trees and lower trees in the entrance part and religious service part, and pine tree forest in burial mound part and maintain the lawn. Third, The traditional buildings and facilities such as Jaesil, Subokbang have to be restored maintained, and we planed some convinient facilities and rest facilities for visitors.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.346-361
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• 2013

Since the Ming Castle located in Nanjing was designated by the Government of China as a cultural property in 1988, the Nanjing city government has been conserving the castle according to its plan and thus restoring the historical and cultural values of Nanjing. The project is still in progress, and in this regard, a series of logistics have formulated and a lot of discussions have taken place. Likewise, Korea has been carrying out multidirectional policies to conserve and utilize castles lying throughout the country, appreciating the historical and cultural resources of castles lying throughout the country, and at the same time gets down to designation as the World Heritage. This study focused on how Nanjing, not only a castle city but also a historical city, had established a principle and legal foundation regarding the protection of the Ming Castle, especially on how the problems, which might continually arise in a process where a scheme reached a working stage, had been solved. The problem-solving process is expected to have great implications for Korea in a similar situation. Hereat, this study analyzed the project plans formulated seasonally and gathered data on practical operation by conducting interviews with hands-on workers. The results showed that Nanjing had carried out policies to utilize the castles as tourism resources by harmonizing cityscape and ecological environment, but that it well conserved castles without damaging cultural assets. The stereoscopic protection system for the Ming Castle, based on the consideration of historical and cultural environments, may provide practical and useful data for Korea's administration mapping out for a castle conservation policy and designation as the UNESCO World Heritage.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2022

In this study, we analyzed the rickshaw (Owned by the Daegu Modern History Museum) by measuring each material. The purpose of the study was to identify the materials in modern cultural assets that utilize a variety of materials in a complex way, and establish basic data for preservation and management. Using portable X-ray fluorescence analyzers (P-XRF), species identification, fiber identification, paint film analysis (microscope observation, SEM-EDS, FTIR) on metal, wood, fiber and paint was carried out. Brass, an alloy of Copper, Zinc and Iron, was measured in the metal parts. Further, wooden parts, such as Oak (Quercus acutissima), Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Bamboo (Bambusoideae). Torreya nucifera (Torreya spp.) were identified in the body. Fiber parts consisted mainly of cotton, but some parts were also made of leather. In terms of paint, rickshaws were applied with multiple layers, using cashew (synthetic paint used in place of lacquer). In sum, the rickshaw body part appeared to overlap with layers of fiber, metal (soild), paint, and colored (black, red) layer.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1D
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• pp.63-72
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• 2009

This study aims at establishing the decision-making support system for the highway assets, long-term performance presumption and evaluation of asset value, which are appropriate for Korea, and proposing the methods of the optimal engineering method and the timing decision for the preventive maintenance through the project evaluation, the optimization method and life-cycle analysis related to the highways. In order to supplement the current problem of the near-sighted budget management system, which chooses the maintenance place of the highway, depending on the level of the budget with fixed amount, the long-term required budget prediction system and the economy principle were introduced, so that the pavement agency can predict the level of the required budget, and it was aimed to develop the pavement asset evaluation system to maintain the performance of the highway with the minimum of the cost. In the use of the highway pavement asset evaluation system, to maintain the appropriate level of the pavement evaluation index, when the budget was efficiently established in the reference of the required maintenance budget for the chosen section of the highway in the year concerned, it was possible to analyze the most rational pavement maintenance budget. With this result, it is estimated to prevent the unnecessary waste of budget in advance, and through the development of the decision-making system for the long-term performance presumption and the asset value estimation of the pavement, it is expected to able to analyze the previous evaluation of the project related to the highway and the feasibility of introduction.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

This study attempts to investigate the spatial characteristics of cultural economies of Bukchon in Seoul, where abundant cultural assets exist. This area has been the administrative-political core locale since 14C, therefore, a lot of traditional- and contemporary-cultural facilities are remains, This area possessed unique place characteristics by coexisting traditional and modern cultures, and thus attracted to culture demanders. Recently many economic activities have increased in this area, and most of them are related with the cultural elements of the region, In particular creative retail shops, which produce goods by flexible-specialized production system, have been agglomerated in this area, The goods are designed, produced, and sold at the shop place. Most of them are uniquely designed hand made products, and produced a few amount. The economic value of these products related with the cultural environment of Bukchon. These creative shops emerged at the front of Samcheongdong street in the beginning, and then have diffused into the inside of Samcheongdong street and Hwagae street. The shops have very unique exteriors related with traditional houses in this area, and located on roadsides where are not many passerby. Most owners of the retail stores are highly educated and studied design, and produce goods by themselves at the shops. The reason that they opened their shops in Bukchon is directly related with the unique cultural environment of this area. They hope that more unique and artistic stores join this area so that developed this area as culture and fashion combined area.