• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2022

A detector using a small number of photosensors was designed, and the position of a scintillation pixel that interacted with gamma rays through a maximum likelihood position estimation(MLPE) was measured as a digital position. For this purpose, simulation was performed using DETECT2000, which can simulate the movement of light within the scintillator, and the accuracy of position measurement was evaluated. A detector was configured using a 6 × 6 scintillation pixel array and 4 photosensors, and a gamma ray event was generated at the center of each scintillation pixel to create a look-up table through the ratio of acquired light. The gamma-ray event generated at the new position was applied as the input value of the MLPE, and the positiion of the scintillation pixel was converted into a digital positiion after comparison with the look-up table. All scintillation pixels were evaluated, and as a result, a high accuracy of 99.1% was obtained. When this method is applied to the currently usesd system, it is concidered that the process of determining the position of the scintillation pixel will be simplified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.6C
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• pp.848-856
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• 2004

In this paper, a fast stereo matching algorithm based on pixel-wise matching strategy, which can get a stable and accurate disparity map, is proposed. Since a stereo image pair has small differences each other and the differences between left and right images are just caused by horizontal shifts with some order, the matching using a large window will not be needed within a given search range. However, disparity results of conventional pixel-based matching methods are somewhat unstable and wrinkled, the principal direction of disparities is checked by the accumulated cost along a path on array with the dynamic programming method. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could remove almost all disparity noise and set a good quality disparity map in very short time.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2018

In this paper, a wide dynamic range complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with the adjustable sensitivity by using cascode metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and inverter is proposed. The characteristics of the CMOS image sensor were analyzed through experimental results. The proposed active pixel sensor consists of eight transistors operated under various light intensity conditions. The cascode MOSFET is operated as the constant current source. The current generated from the cascode MOSFET varies with the light intensity. The proposed CMOS image sensor has wide dynamic range under the high illumination owing to logarithmic response to the light intensity. In the proposed active pixel sensor, a CMOS inverter is added. The role of the CMOS inverter is to determine either the conventional mode or the wide dynamic range mode. The cascode MOSFET let the current flow the current if the CMOS inverter is turned on. The number of pixels is $140(H){\times}180(V)$ and the CMOS image sensor architecture is composed of a pixel array, multiplexer (MUX), shift registers, and biasing circuits. The sensor was fabricated using $0.35{\mu}m$ 2-poly 4-metal CMOS standard process.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a modified smart pixel mapping (SPM) to visualize occluded three-dimensional (3D) objects in real image fields. In integral imaging, orthoscopic real 3D images cannot be displayed because of lenslets and the converging light field from elemental images. Thus, pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion which rotates each elemental image by 180 degree, has been proposed so that the orthoscopic virtual 3D image can be displayed. However, the orthoscopic real 3D image cannot be displayed. Hence, a conventional SPM that recaptures elemental images for the orthoscopic real 3D image using virtual pinhole array has been reported. However, it has a critical limitation in that the number of pixels for each elemental image is equal to the number of elemental images. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a modified SPM that can solve this critical limitation in a conventional SPM and can also visualize the occluded objects efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1996

We perform computer simulations of a lenticular autostereoscopic display system and obtain two one-dimensional intensity distributions seen by the left and right eyes of the observer, respectively. Our result shows that the lens period should be smaller than the LCD pixel period as the observer moves closer to the system. We obtain the values of the system parameters for which the intensity distributions are uniform across the lenticular lens array. We also obtain the system crosstalks which represent the right pixel image seen by the left eye and the left pixel image seen by the right eye. Our simulation also shows that the crosstalk increases as the observer moves away from the lenticular system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.92-102
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• 2003

To detect electrical faults of a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) panel for the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), techniques of converting electric field to an image are used One of them is the PDLC (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal) modulator which changes light transmittance under electric field. The advantage of PDLC modulator in the electric field detection is that it can be used without physically contacting the TFT panel surface. Specific pattern signals are applied to the data and gate electrodes of the panel to charge the pixel electrodes and the image sensor detects the change of transmittance of PDLC positioned in proximity distance above the pixel electrodes. The image represents the status of electric field reflected on the PDLC so that the characteristic of the PDLC itself plays an important role to accurately quantify the defects of TFT panel. In this paper, the image of the PDLC modulator caused by the change of electric field of the pixel electrodes on the TFT panel is acquired and how the characteristics of PDLC reflect the change of electric field to the image is analyzed. When the holding time of PDLC is short, better contrast of electric field image can be obtained by changing the instance of applying the driving voltage to the PDLC.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

In this paper, we present a new method that can detect forged color region using color pattern decomposition and hypothesis testing approach. On the basis of the fact that the variance of the interpolated pixel is smaller than that of the original pixel, we use a statistical test method to judge the statistical inconsistency of variance. For this, we calculate the variance adopting a color pattern decomposition according to the demosaicking pattern. In addition, we apply high-pass filtering to enlarge the difference between the variances of original and interpolated pixel. Through experimental simulations, we can see that our proposed method can effectively detect forged color regions and shows superior detection performance compared to the conventional method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.8
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• pp.62-70
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• 1997

In this paper, we presetn a new method to display 3-D image modelled as a sum of 2-D sliced images by expanding the concept of the conventional 2-D optical correlator based on spatial matched filtr to the 3-D region. It is hsown that a arbitrary image can be constructed by an array of the correlation-peaks between pixel-to-pixel and propose the systhesis precedure of 3-D spatial-matched-fjilter using fresnel diffraction equation to display 3-D image in space. It is also shown that the quantization problem is severe when the systehsised filter function is displayed on the conventional LC-SLM. To overcome this problem, anonlinear quantizaton method using the sigmoid function is suggested, and this method can reduce the bias and the loss of high spatial-frequency information, and improve the diffraction efficiency. Finally, the suggested method is tested by computer simulation and then approved by some optical experiments with the conventional LC-SLM.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.7
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• pp.171-175
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• 1996

Gate insulator for Si field emitter is usually formed by e-beam evaporation. However, the evaported oxide requires densification for a stable process and a reduction of gate leakage which results from its Si-rich and nonstoicheiometric structure. In this study, we have developed the process technology able to densify the evaporated oxide in H$_{2}$O ambient. Using this process, we have fabricted thefield emitter array with 625 emitters per pixel, of which gate hole diameter is 1.4.mu.m, for the pixel, anode current of 14.3.mu.A was extracted at a gate bias of 100V and gate leakage was about 0.27% of the total emission current.

• 전기의세계
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.489-496
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• 1985

VLSI기술의 독특한 특징들은 이에 맞는 VLSI 지향적 아키텍쳐를 요구하게 된다. 이러한 아키텍쳐들은 영상신호 처리에 있어 중요한 실시간 처리를 위한 병렬처리 및 pipeline처리에도 잘 조화되어 고속영상신호 처리를 위한 시스템에서 VLSI기술이 필수적으로 사용 되어야 함을 알 수 있다. 현재 고속 영상신호 처리를 위한 VLSI 구조로 화면의 병렬성에 근거를 둔 CLA(Cellular Logic Array) 및 이의 단점을 보완한 피라밋 구조가 활말히 연구되고 있으나 거대한 양의 하드웨어 및 주변 시스템의 요구로 그 규모가 방대하여 지는 흠이 있다. 이에 반하여 화소 Kernel의 병렬성에 근거를 두는 pixel-kernel 프로세서는 영상신호 데이타의 공간의존성의 기본 단위인 Kernel을 병렬처리하고 그 거대성 및 균일성은 Pipeline 처리를 함으로써 비교적 작은 하드웨어로 높은 성능을 얻을수 있다. 또한 기존 영상 Sensor 로부터의 데이타 흐름을 중단 시키지 않고 처리할 수 있으며 기본 프로세서의 다양한 조합 방법에 의해 시스템 구조상의 유연성을 갖는다. 따라서 로보트 등의 실제적인 응용분야에서 후자의 구조가 효율적으로 사용될 것으로 전망된다. 앞으로 효과적인 pixel-Kernel 프로세서의 개발을 위해 PKF 계산구조의 연구와 함께 효과적인 Kernel 병렬성을 실현할 수 있는 VLSI 지향적 구조의 개발이 요구된다.