• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of thinning intensity on the growth of large diameter trees in Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) plantation. Eight thinning plots were analyzed by categorizing into heavy thinning, light thinning, no thinning (control) according to thinning intensity. As a result, average DBH increased more in heavy thinning plots than in light thinning or unthinned plots. The number of large trees (DBH>25 cm) were obviously shown the most in heavy thinning plots. It is considered that heavy thinning is needed for the production of the large diameter trees.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2022

An increasing trend embracing the 2030 generation mindset through the new word 'newtro', which means reinterpreting the past and selling it in the present, has been gaining traction. The 2030 generation who seek new experiences and desserts is growing. The unique dessert market is expected to continue to grow in the future. Thus, this study devised a pine needle madeleine. Madeleines were made by varying the proportions of pine needle powder added to 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, and specific gravity, moisture, color, physical properties, and antioxidant properties were measured. The L-value decreased significantly (p<0.001) as the amount of pine needle powder added increased, and the a-value increased (p<0.001). The total polyphenol content, DPPH, and ABTS gradually increased significantly (p<0.001). Through this study, it was possible to confirm the quality and characteristics of madeleines using pine needle powder, which has excellent antioxidant properties, and it will become basic data for the development of various desserts using pine needle powder.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 1991

Tree height at age 10 was used to estimate the statistical efficiencies of sampling size in the progeny test of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. Experimental design was RCB design which consists of 25 half-sib families in each of three blocks. The number of families and blocks were fixed, therefore, the number of trees sampled per plot was the only factor that influences the environmental portion of the family mean height. Coefficient of variation, the estimate of the standard error of the family mean height, decreased with increase of sampling plot size, and became stable from 4-tree plot sampling (6.97%). The experimental error was significant from 7-tree sampling plot size. Nonlinear relationship (${\hat{Y}}=10.425e-^{0.073x}$ ; $R^2$=0.840) was found between the sampling plot size and the standard error of family mean height.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

Cenangium ferruginosum was known as the causal agent of dieback of pines including Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora. Since the first report of the disease in Korea in 1989, a group dying occurred in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Kangwon and Chungbuk in 2007 spring. Although C. ferreginosum was known as a weak pathogen or a parasite, this disease caused in stressed pine by drought, wounding, extremely cold weather or unusual warm winter. In this study, we explained the features of cenangium dieback with the characteristics of pathogen to understand the trend of disease associated with the climatic change of the world. We collected pycnidia and apothecia from the diseased branches and stems of P. koraiensis and P. densiflora in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang province to characterization of pathogen. The fungal development on the diseased branches were observed and the isolates from pycnidia and apothecia were identified as Cenangium ferruginosum by their morphological characteristics and the molecular techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.16-23
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• 2003

The study was performed to obtain basic data for high quality timber production and efficient utilization of woods by investigating the effects of thinning on timber quality of domestic Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) planted. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; Comparing the appearance of knot per one meter on log surface, the heavy thinned trees contained less knots than non-thinned ones. And the ratio of dead knots was decreased in heavy thinned trees compared with the non-thinned ones, but the knot size was increased. The inclination angle of dead knot is larger than that of live knot. The crooked logs in heavy thinning plot appeared less than those in non-thinning plot. In heavy thinning plot, the log circle percentage of cross section and the ratio of clear lumber were increased, compared with in non-thinning one. The grade of log was the highest in heavy thinning plot.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.370-377
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the color change of heat-treated wood made of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl). The wood samples were heat-treated at 9 different treatment combinations of temperature (170, 180, 200, 220, and $230^{\circ}C$), and time (90, 120, 180, 240, 270 min.) set up by a response surface method. Wood color was measured using a colorimeter, and the samples were installed for evaluating the resistance of termite in the field test sites set up in Jinju. The lightness decreased with the increase of treatment temperature and treatment time. The color differences were evaluated by the method of National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and response surface models to predict the color change were fitted as a function of treatment temperature and treatment time. The $R^2$ values of the fitted models of heat-treated Korean pine and lodgepole pines were 0.92, and 0.88, respectively, showing the potential way for the prediction of color changes. Severe damage was found from the samples in the field test site, which means that the manufactured heat-treated wood did not show the termite resistance enough for the outdoor use.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2015

It has been known that acetylation improves the dimensional stability of wood. Liquid phase acetylation is more popular than gas-phase acetylation for the effectiveness of weight gain of wood. In this study domestic red and Korean pine specimens were liquid phase acetylated and their physical properties, such as density, bending strength, dimensional stability etc., were investigated. Acetylation increased the average weights of red and Korean pine specimens by 10.4% and 9.2%, respectively, and their average oven-dry densities were increased by 6.9% and 4.6%, respectively. Acetylation did not influence on modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and dynamic MOE (DMOE). The average percentage reduction in hygroscopicity (PRH) of red and Korean pine specimens were respectively 20.6% and 13.8%, while the average percentage reduction in water soaking (PRW) were respectively 20.0% and 8.5%. Thus it can be concluded that the liquid acetylation improved the dimensional stability of red pine specimens more than that of Korean pine specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.202-212
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• 2017

This study was to establish the interrelation between chemical compositions and near infrared (NIR) spectra for the classification on distinguishability of domestic gymnosperms. Traditional wet chemistry methods and infrared spectral analyses were performed. In chemical compositions of five softwood species including larch (Larix kaempferi), red pine (Pinus densiflora), Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), and cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), their extractives and lignin contents provided the major information for distinction between the wood species. However, depending on the production region and purchasing time of woods, chemical compositions were different even though in same species. Especially, red pine harvested from Naju showed the highest extractive content about 16.3%, whereas that from Donghae showed about 5.0%. These results were expected due to different environmental conditions such as sunshine amount, nutrients and moisture contents, and these phenomena were also observed in other species. As a result of the principal component analysis (PCA) using NIR between five species (total 19 samples), the samples were divided into three groups in the score plot based on principal component (PC) 1 and principal component (PC) 2; group 1) red pine and Korean pine, group 2) larch, and group 3) cypress and cedar. Based on the chemical composition results, it was concluded that extractive content was highly relevant to wood classification by NIR analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2012

We present the species and the dendrochronological dates of Korean traditional furniture in Forest Museum Collection of Korea National Arboretum. Seven of thirteen were successfully dated. Chest with a flap door (84-55-1) was dated A. D. 1623. Others dated were cabinet (83-41-1: A. D. 1759), Chest with a turnover door (83-39-1; A. D. 1801), Cabinet with two horizontal section (88-39; A. D. 1843), Rice chest (82-27-3; A. D. 1849), Cabinet with two horizontal section (83-40-2; A. D. 1877), Chest with a flap door (84-50; A. D. 1918). Most of existing cabinets were made in 1800s. The 84-55-1 chest was one of the earliest pieces of furniture in the collections of Korea museums. The furniture is usually composed one species. The major species was Pinus densiflora. Bedside cabinet (83-41-1) and Cabinet with two horizontal section (88-39) were made from Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis). Becasue they were dated by the tree-ring chronology of Mt. Bekdu, the timber of their boards could be from the area of Mt. Bekdu.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.444-450
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• 2011

The goal of this study is to investigate bending properties of domestic timber. Three representative structural timber from Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus densiflora, in the northeastern South Korea were selected. Visual grading for the timber was conducted based on KFRI notification 2009-01 and the bending strength for the timber was evaluated based on ASTM D 198 bending. The high percentage of grade 1 and 2 for Larix kaempferi shows that the KFRI notification was optimized for this species. The bending strength distributions from Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora were very similar. It could be possible to specify the allowable bending properties of these two Specification using a united species group similar to spruce-pine-fir. Lastly, the bending strength of $120{\times}180mm$ structural members was higher than both existing values in KBC 2009 and design values for timber of imported species described in the NDS. Thus, 120 mm thick domestic softwoods could replace the commercial imported species and the KBC should be modified to provide design values for both timber and dimensional lumber, respectively, like NDS.