• 제목/요약/키워드: pig waste

검색결과 111건 처리시간 0.024초

회분식 혐기소화에 의한 혐기적 유기물 분해율의 보정 방법 (Correction Method of Anaerobic Organic Biodegradability by Batch Anaerobic Digestion)

  • 김승환;오승용;김창현;윤영만
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.1086-1093
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 유기성 바이오매스의 혐기소화율 평가에 주로 이용되는 VDI4630법에 대하여 소화액에 녹아 있는 탄산이온 ($CO_3{^{2-}}$)과 혐기소화 미생물 반응에 참여하는 수분 ($H_2O$)이 유기물의 혐기적 분해율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 이를 위해 탄산이온과 수분반응물에 의한 유기물의 혐기적 분해율 산출 보정식을 개발 하고자하였다. 돼지 혈액, 돼지 내장잔재물, 돼지 장내잔재물, 소 반추위잔재물의 화학조성식은 각각 $C_{3.78}H_{8.39}O_{1.46}N_1S_{0.01}$, $C_{9.69}H_{15.42}O_{2.85}N_1S_{0.03}$, $C_{25.17}H_{43.32}O_{15.04}N_1$, $C_{27.23}H_{42.38}O_{15.93}N_1S_{0.11}$으로 나타났으며, 돼지 혈액, 돼지 내장 잔재물, 돼지 장내잔재물, 소 반추위잔재물에서 이론적으로 1 mol의 유기물이 분해되는데, 0.336, 0.485, 0.227, 0.266 mol의 수분이 참여하였다. 혐기적 유기물 분해율에서 이론적 메탄생산퍼텐셜 대비 실험적 메탄생산퍼텐셜 ($B_u/B_{th}$)의 비율로 산출한 유기물 분해율은 돼지 혈액, 돼지 내장 잔재물, 돼지 장내잔재물, 소 반추위잔재물에서 각각 82.3, 81.5, 70.8, 66.1%이었으며, VDI4630에 근거한 유기물 분해율 (AB)은 각각 72.2, 87.8, 74.2, 62.0%를 보여 이론적 메탄생산퍼텐셜 대비 실험적 메탄생산퍼텐셜 ($B_u/B_{th}$)의 비율로 산출하는 유기물 분해율과는 전체 시험구에서 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. VDI4630법에 소화액 중의 알칼리도를 보정한 유기물 분해율 (AB-I)은 돼지 혈액, 돼지 내장 잔재물, 돼지 장내잔재물, 소 반추위잔재물에서 각각 72.4, 88.1, 74.5, 62.1%를 보였으며, 알칼리도와 수분 반응물을 동시에 보정한 유기물 분해율 (AB-II)에서는 각각 72.5, 88.5, 74.5, 62.3%를 보여 본 연구에서 시험한 각각의 시료에서의 유기물 분해율 AB, AB-I, AB-II 간의 평균은 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 알칼리도, 수분 반응물의 보정식은 유기물의 혐기적 분해율의 측정에서 좀 더 높은 정확도를 보일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Physico-chemical 분리 공정에 의한 폐동슬래그로부터 철의 품위향상 (Upgrading of Iron from Waste Copper Slag by A Physico-chemical Separation Process)

  • 이광석;조슬기;신도연;정수복;이재천;김병수
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.30-36
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    • 2014
  • 동정광으로 동을 제련하는 동제련소에서는 대략 35-45%정도 철을 함유한 폐동슬래그가 다량 배출되어 대부분 폐기처분되고 있다. 따라서 폐동슬래그로부터 철을 회수하여 철을 자원화하는 것은 자원의 효율적인 활용측면과 환경문제를 감소하는 측면에서 관심이 크게 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 동제련소에서 발생되는 다량의 철 성분이 포함된 폐동슬래그로부터 철의 품위향상을 위한 physico-chemical 분리 공정이 개발되었다. 개발된 공정은 먼저 폐동슬래그를 1 mm이하로 파쇄하는 공정(1차 파쇄공정)과, 이어서 $1225^{\circ}C$에서 90분 동안 탄소 환원하는 공정(탄소 환원공정), 그리고 환원된 슬래그로부터 $104{\mu}m$ 이하로 2차 파 분쇄하는 공정(2차 파쇄공정)과, 이어서 철 농축물을 분리 회수하는 습식자력선별 공정(습식 자력선별공정)으로 구성된다. 개발된 공정을 이용하여 환원된 폐동슬래그를 0.2 T의 자력세기에서 습식자력선별 함으로써 철 품위가 66 wt.%인 철 농축물을 얻었고, 같은 조건에서 철 회수율은 72%이었다. 따라서 분리 회수된 철 농축물은 철 원료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Nondestructive determination of humic acid in compost by NIRS

  • Seo, Sang-Hyun;Han, Xiao-Ri;Cho, Rae-Kwang;Park, Woo-Churl
    • 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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    • pp.1623-1623
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    • 2001
  • Composting is a biological method used to transform the organic waste into stable, humified organic amendments. Humification is indicated as the key factor in improving the quality of compost, because of the importance of humic substances to soil ecology, fertility and structure, and their beneficial effects on plant growth The compost constituents vary widely, however, the degree of maturity is very important factor in compost quality. So this experiment carried out to determine the rapid estimation of the quality in cattle, pig, chicken and waste composts using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS). Near infrared reflectance spectra of composts was obtained by Infra Alyzer 500 scanning spectrophotometer at 2-nm intervals from 1100 to 2500nm. Multiple linear regression(MLR) or partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to evaluate a NIRS method for the rapid and nondestructive determination of humic acid contents in composts. The results summarized that NIR spectroscopy can be used as a routine testing method to determine quantitatively the humic acid content in the compost samples ondestructively. Especially, we supposed that absorbance around 2300nm is related to humic acid as a factor of compost maturity. However the NIR absorption approach is empirical, it actually requires many combinations of samples and data manipulations to obtain optimal prediction.

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Effects of Wet Feeding of Diets with or without Food Waste on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Finishing Pigs

  • Moon, J.S.;Kwon, I.K.;Chae, B.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.504-510
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    • 2004
  • Two experiments were conducted. In expt. 1, a total of fifty-four pigs (L$\times$Y$\times$D, 56.14$\pm$1.7 kg) were used for a feeding trial to determine the effect of wet feeding of a commercial-type diet without food waste (FW). Treatments were dry (Control), wet (WF) and wet+dry feeding (WDF). For wet feeding, the diet was mixed with water at a ratio of 1:2.5 (feed:water). A wet feed was given during the whole experimental period for the WF group, but the dry feed was given during the finisher period for the WDF group. In expt. 2, a total of fifty-four pigs(L$\times$Y$\times$D, 55.7$\pm$1.8 kg) were used for a feeding trial to determine the effect of wet feeding of FW. Treatments were a commercial-type dry (Control), wet fermented food waste (WFFW) and WFFW+dry feeding (WFFW+DF). For wet feeding of fermented food waste, however, some ingredients (concentrate) were added to make nutrient contents comparable to the control diet. The FW collected was ground ($\leq$5 mm), heated with a steam jacket (140$\pm$3$^{\circ}C$) and fermented with probiotics for one day in a steel container at 30-40$^{\circ}C$. For the WFFW group, the wet feed was given during the whole experimental period, but a dry feed was given during finisher period for the WFFW+DF group. In expt. 1, during the grower period, pigs fed wet feed showed higher average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed only dry feed (p<0.05). During the finisher period, pigs in the WDF group showed better ADG and FCR than the control group. During the entire experimental period, pigs in the WDF group grew faster (p<0.05) than those in the control group, and the same trend was found in FCR. Also, dressing percentage, backfat thickness, lean %, and pork color were not affected by the wet feeding of diets in this study. In expt. 2, during the grower period, pigs fed diets containing FW showed lower (p<0.05) ADG than those fed the control diet. But FCR was better (p<0.05) in pigs fed FW than in the control group. During the finisher period, pigs in the WFFW+DF group grew faster (p<0.05) than those in the control and WFFW groups. During the entire experimental period, pigs fed the control diet showed better ADG (p<0.05) than those fed FW, but feed intake and FCR were vice versa. Dressing percentage was lower (p<0.05) in the WFFW than in the control group, but backfat was thinner in the WFFW group than in the control group. In summary, it can be concluded that wet feeding of formula feed can improve daily gain, however, feeding fermented wet food waste may reduce daily gain of finishing pigs, even though it was fermented and the nutrient was fortified with concentrates. In addition, dry feeding of a formula feed during the finishing period can improve daily gain in pigs fed a wet feed with or without food waste during the grower period.

양돈 슬러리의 암모니아 발생 특성에 관한 연구 (Study on Ammonia Emission Characteristic of Pig Slurry)

  • 이성현;윤남규;김경원;이인복;김태일;장진택
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 육성 비육돈 슬러리를 이용하여 슬러리의 환경조건에 따라 슬러리로 부터의 암모니아 발생 특성을 분석코자 하였다. 슬러리의 온도와 pH를 조절하여 슬러리로부터 발생하는 암모니아 농도를 측정 분석한 결과 슬러리의 온도가 높을수록 슬러리로 부터 발생하는 암모니아 농도는 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 슬러리의 pH를 5, 6, 7, 8의 4수준으로 조절하여 각각의 온도에 따라 발생하는 암모니아 농도를 측정한 결과 pH 5, 6에서는 암모니아 가스가 검출되지 않았으나 pH 7, 8에서는 많은 양의 암모니아 가스가 검출되었고 양돈 슬러리의 pH가 높을수록 발생하는 암모니아 가스가 많이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과 슬러리의 온도를 낮추어 주거나 슬러리의 pH를 낮춤으로써 슬러리로부터 발생하는 악취가스를 크게 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

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Effects of Feeding Dried Food Waste on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing-Finishing Pigs

  • Chae, B.J.;Choi, S.C.;Kim, Y.G.;Kim, C.H.;Sohn, K.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제13권9호
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    • pp.1304-1308
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    • 2000
  • A total of thirty-six gilts $(24.78{\pm}1.39kg)$ were employed for 38 days (Exp. 1), and twenty-four gilts $(46.50{\pm}1.90kg)$ for 43 days (Exp. 2) to determine growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs fed dried food waste (DFW). Pigs were allocated by dietary treatments: 0%, 20% and 40% DFW. For nutrient digestibility, twelve female pigs $(50.20{\pm}0.52kg)$ were used in individual pens to collect feces. Food wastes were collected from restaurants and apartment complex areas and dried in a drum-type dryer at $115{\pm}2{^{\circ}C}$. Experimental diets for feeding trials were formulated to contain 3,400 kcal DE/kg and 17% crude protein. The tested DFW contained 2,858 kcal DE/kg, 25.0% crude protein, 17.3% crude fat, 1.37% Ca, 1.28% P, and 3.28% NaCl. As compared to crude protein content, the limiting amino acids (i.e., 0.90% lysine and 0.52% methionine) were low. The digestibilities of energy, ash, calcium and phosphorus in the DFW were generally lower than those in the grower diets, but the digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat were higher in DFW than the grower diet. Feeding DFW in pigs had a linear (p<0.01) effect on ADG and feed/gain as the inclusion levels of DFW were increased (Exp. 1). The ADG of pigs fed 40% DFW was also poorer (p<0.05) than that fed the control diet (Exp. 2). Carcass characteristics in terms of backfat and dressing percentage were not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, it seems that the optimal dietary inclusion level of the DFW is about 20% in the diet for growing-finishing pigs.

Management of Excretion of Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Pharmacological Level Minerals to Reduce Environmental Pollution from Animal Production - Review -

  • Paik, I.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.384-394
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    • 2001
  • In order to prevent pollution from animal waste, P, N and pharmacological level minerals should be properly managed. Microbial phytase has been used successfully to control P excretion. Activity of natural phytase in certain plant feedstuffs is high enough to be considered in feed formulation. Nitrogen control can be achieved through amino acid supplementation and protein restriction in the diet. Supplementation with carbohydrases reduces output of excreta as well as N. Ammonia release from the manure could be reduced by using a low crude protein diet along with the supplementation with probiotics products. Excretion of minerals used at pharmacological level can be reduced by using chelated forms. Cu and Zn in the form of methionine chelate have been successfully used in the broiler and pig diets.

법랑을 이용한 음식물 쓰레기 및 퇴비 발효조 개발 (Development of Slurry Store System with Enamel Ware)

  • 한두희
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.145-149
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    • 2003
  • 내화학성이 강하고 반영구적이며 외관이 미려한 조립식 법랑 판넬을 이용한 가축 분뇨 및 음식물 쓰레기의 처리에 사용할 수 있는 저장 탱크의 설계 및 제작에 관하여 연구하였다. 일반 콘크리트 저장랭크에 비하여 30%이상의 시공 비용 절감 효과를 얻었으며, 법랑을 이용하여 지상에 건설하여 침출수를 원천적으로 방지하고, 지하에 일시 저장한 분뇨를 펌프를 사용하여 지상으로 끌어 올려 숙성 발효시키는 액비 탱크에 적용하여 시공하였다.

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Production and Use of Feed for Sustainable Animal Production in Australia - Review -

  • Rowe, J.B.;Corbett, J.L.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.435-444
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    • 1999
  • This paper summarizes the size and output of the major animal industries in Australia and the feed resource available to maintain production. The most important feed source is pasture but there is also extensive use of cereal grains, pulses and by-products in the intensive animal industries and in supplementing the diet of grazing animals. These resources must be used in ways that ensure sustainable production. We outline a number of Decision Support Systems such as GrazFeed, GrassGro, and AusPig which play an important role in optimizing the way in which resources are used. Waste management with respect to mineral pollution of water courses and methane production as a greenhouse gas are important issues for the animal industries and are also considered.

Fiber source and inclusion level affects characteristics of excreta from growing pigs

  • Mpendulo, Conference Thando;Chimonyo, Michael;Ndou, Saymore Petros;Bakare, Archibold Garikayi
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.755-762
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the influence of varying fibrous diets on fecal characteristics of growing pigs. Methods: A total of 104 pigs (initial weight $18{\pm}2.0kg$) were used in the study. They were housed in individual pens and fed on diets containing maize cob, grass hay, lucerne hay, maize stover, and sunflower husk. These fibers were included at 0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 g/kg. Fecal and urine samples were collected. Results: Fecal output was largest amongst pigs fed on diets containing grass hay and maize stover (p<0.05). Nitrogen content was highest in feces from pigs fed on sunflower husk (p<0.05). Pigs fed on diets containing maize stover and maize cobs produced the largest concentrations of short chain fatty acids. Acetate concentration was high in feces of pigs fed maize stover than those fed grass hay and lucerne hay (p<0.05). As the level of fiber inclusion increased, fecal consistency and nitrogen content increased linearly (p<0.05). Urea nitrogen decreased as the inclusion level increased across all the fibers (p<0.05), with maize cobs containing the largest content of urea nitrogen. As dietary fiber content increased, fecal nitrogen content also increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that different fiber sources influence fecal characteristics, thereby having different implications on pig waste management. It is vital to monitor fiber inclusion thresholds so as to easily manage environmental pollutants such as butyrate that contribute to odors.