• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

Background: As a result of analyzing the components of wild Conyza canadensis, it contains physiologically active ingredients, so it is necessary to identify the compound. Purposes: It was to study the compound's molecular structure; a previous study showed that C. canadensis contains antioxidant substances. Methods: The ultrasonic pulverized lysate of C. canadensis stem and leaves was first extracted with 90% methanol and then five organic solvents. Next, the extracts was fractionated by HPLC, LC/MS chromatography, and NMR analyzers identified the molecular structure. Results: 100 g of dry C. canadensis was sonicated in 90% methanol and concentrated under reduced pressure to 11.96 g of a crude extract. Then, this crude was extracted with five types of solvents to obtain 123.8 mg of n-hexane, 448.2 mg of dichloromethane, 1047.7 mg of ethyl acetate (EA), 2563.8 mg of butanol, and 7.04 g of water. The EA extracts were fractionated by LC-MS and then re-fractionated to obtain F1 to F20. Next, the F15 was further fractionated to obtain nine fine fractions. Finally, the F17 fraction was re-fractionated to obtain ten fine fractions. As a result of LC-MS and NMR spectrometer analysis of the F15-7, the structure of this compound was confirmed as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. As a result of examining the structures of the F17-4 and F17-5 fractions, Quercetin-3-o-β-galactose was identified. In addition, the form of the F17-10 was confirmed to be 1,3,4-tri-caffeoylquinic acid. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that C. canadensis contained phenolic antioxidants, and its utilization may be expected.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2015

This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of solvent extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis. The Asparagus cochinchinensis was extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ether. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was determined by modified well diffusion methods against 4 species of respiratory disease bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). In addition, the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. Ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms than water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ether extracts. For antioxidant activity, the ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited a notable effect on the scavenging of superoxide against DPPH ($IC_{50}=3.81mg/ml$). Finally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were $14{\pm}0.7mg/g$, and $0.50{\pm}0.13mg/g$, respectively. These results can be regarded as basic research into A. cochinchinensis for the prevention of respiratory diseases. The results indicate that A. cochinchinensis may be utilized as a nutraceutical for respiratory diseases when the physiologically active substances of A. cochinchinensis are increased by further study.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.452-457
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• 2007

In this study, Lilium sp. were separated into bulbs, leaves, and flowers. Then, total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity were measured from the extracts of each of the three aforementioned parts. The examination of physiologically active substances in the three parts revealed that Lilium davidii leaves had high total polyphenol contents, SOD-like activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and EDA, while the flowers of L. lancifolium showed high SOD-like activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and EDA, as well as a high level of total polyphenols in the bulb. Measurements of the antimicrobial activities of the extracts against Gram positive bacteria revealed that the leaves and flowers of L. davidii and L. lancifolium caused Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella enteritidis to form clear zones greater than 10 mm. Furthermore, the flowers of L. lancifolium showed particularly high antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, and the flowers of L. davidii had high activity against S. enteritidis. For the Gram negative bacteria, the leaves and flowers of L. davidii and L. lancifolium caused Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli to form clear zones greater than 10 mm, and finally, the flowers of L. davidii and L. lancifolium showed high antibacterial activity, with inhibition exceeding 12 mm.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

In this study, cosmetic materials were developed using a new method of making juice through the fermentation of raw natural materials with microorganisms in order to supplement the advantages and disadvantages of an organic solvent extraction method and a microbial fermentation method. The natural products were selected from two colors (red, green) of paprika known to be rich in various colors and vitamins. The microorganisms used for fermentation were fermented by inoculating paprika with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) having sugar-hydrolyzed ability. First, we investigated the changes of physiologically active substances of two kinds of paprika juice and two kinds of fermented paprika juice. Total phenols content and total flavonoids content were higher in the fermented paprika juice than in the paprika juice, and especially in the fermented red paprika juice. Free radical scavenging effect and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect were also showed an excellent antioxidative effect on paprika fermented juice, among which the effect of red paprika fermentation juice was the highest. The expression of MMP-1 in fermented red paprika juice with high antioxidant activity was inhibited by concentration-dependent expression of MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-1 protein. In the glycation experiments with aging, the anti-glycation effect of fermented paprika juice was highly inhibited by the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which was closely related to the antioxidant effect. In addition, the activity of senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal), an indicator of cell senescence, was measured using human dermal fibroblast (HDF). The results showed that the cell senescence was inhibited when the cells were treated with fermented paprika juice. In conclusion, fermented paprika juice using lactic acid bacteria showed better antioxidative and anti-aging effects than paprika juice. Among them, fermented red paprika juice has the best antioxidant and anti-aging effect and can be applied as natural new material of antioxidant and anti-aging.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

Purpose: Medicinal herbs have recently attracted attention as health beneficial foods and source materials for drug development. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracts of Lycium's fruits and roots have a range of physiologically active substances. The extract of Lycium's leaves has been reported to have excellent anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity, but its anti-inflammatory efficacy is not known. The chlorophyll present in the leaves can act as an anti-oxidant or pro-oxidant depending on the presence of light. Therefore, this study analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of Lycium's fruit extract (LFE), leaf extract (LLE), and leaf extract with chlorophyll removal (LLE with CR). Methods: This study examined the inhibitory effects of LFE, LLE, and LLE with CR on pro-inflammatory mediator production as well as on the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice. Results: LFE, LLE, and LLE with CR inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$) and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the administration of LLE and LLE with CR inhibited the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and suppressed DNA damage in BALB/c mice. In particular, LLE with CR exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that the fruit and leaves of Lycium are potential therapeutic agents against inflammation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2021

In hydroponic cultivation, in order to investigate the change of lettuce growth and physiologically active substances through CO2 tablet treatment in nutrient solution, we used a solid carbonated tablets commercially available in the Netherlands. The experiment consisted of 0.5-fold, 1-fold, and 2-fold treatment groups with no treatment as a control. As a result, the atmospheric CO2 concentration in the chamber after CO2 tablet treatment showed the highest value at 472.2 µL·L-1 in the 2-fold treatment zone immediately after treatment, and the pH in the nutrient solution decreased the most to pH 6.03 in the 2-fold treatment zone. After that, over time, the CO2 concentration and pH recovered to the level before treatment. Leaf width and leaf area of lettuce showed the highest values of 17.1cm and 1067.14 ㎠ when treated 2-fold with CO2 tablet, while fresh weight and dry weight of the above-ground part were highest at 63.87 g and 3.08 g in 0.5-fold treatment. The root length of lettuce was the longest (28.4 cm) in the control, but there was no significant difference in the fresh weight and the dry weight among the treatments. Apparently, it was observed that the root length of the lettuce was shortened by CO2 tablet treatment and a lot of side roots occurred. In addition, there was a growth disorder in which the roots turned black, but it was found that there was no negative effect on the growth of the above-ground part. As a result of analyzing the bioactive compounds of lettuce by CO2 tablet treatment, chlorogenic acid and quercetin were detected. As a result of quantitative analysis, chlorogenic acid increased by 249% compared to the control in 1-fold treatment, but quercetin decreased by 37%. As a result of comparing the DPPH radical scavenging ability showing antioxidant activity, the control and 0.5-fold treatment showed significantly higher values than the 1-fold and 2-fold treatments. This suggests that carbonated water treatment is effective in increasing the growth and bioactive compounds of hydroponic lettuce.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1078-1084
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• 2020

Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis is an insect belonging to the order Coleoptera. This insect is reported to contain large amounts of physiologically active substances useful for liver protective effect and improvements in blood circulation as well as a broad source of edible protein. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in a variety of species, from microorganisms to mammals, and play an important role in the innate immune systems of living things. Microglia are the main source of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system. Activated microglia secrete large amounts of neuroinflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF-α, NO, and ROS), which are the main cause of neuronal cell death. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Protaetiamycine 6 (PKARKLQKLSAYKTTLRN-NH2), an AMP derived from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia. Protaetiamycine 6 significantly inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity and decreased the expression levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, Protaetiamycine 6 also reduced the production of neuroinflammatory cytokines on activated BV-2 microglia. These results suggest that Protaetiamycine 6 could be a good source of functional substance to prevent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Today, as the specification of pigs increases, it is important to develop eco-friendly livestock feeds that do not add antibiotics to highly utilizable materials as feed resources, and to produce functional eco-friendly pork and processed products. The purpose of this study was to establish Rubus occidentalis (RO) byproducts containing various amounts of physiologically active substances such as anticancer, anti - inflammation and antioxidant as a raw material for pig feed. The multifaceted efficacy of the RO fermented fodder (ROFF) was confirmed by the nutrient transport factors and antioxidant activity of Berkshire pigs. ROFF was added 0.3% to the general diet and the efficacy was confirmed by feeding diets to Berkshire pigs according to each weight for 43~73 days. As a result, the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were decreased or were increased in the castrated male and female Berkshire pigs but not significantly. It was confirmed that the tendency was improved in nutrition physiology. The biochemical levels of female finishing pigs were not significant but increased. In the case of finishing pigs with possibility of pregnancy, it is expected that the nutrition supply for piglet production and will help in the production of the healthy piglet. Transferrin (TFE) levels tended to increase in female growing pig and 110-150 kg finishing pigs. Thus ROFF could minimize the negative effects of iron contents deficiency in female Berkshire pigs. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) activity was increased in castrated male and female 110-150 kg finishing pigs. Therefore, ROFF tends to improve the antioxidant capacity. The results of this study suggest that ROFF is one of the most favorable dietary sources when considering the contents of RO in feed. In particular, ROFF could have a positive effect on nutrient transport and iron content of female rather than castrated male Berkshire pigs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.455-468
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• 2023

We aimed to assess the potential growth-promoting effects of buckwheat sprout on intestinal bacteria and their anti-inflammation effects in a cellular model of intestinal inflammation. The growth of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis BT1 was enhanced with the addition of the sprout extract of tartary buckwheat. Further, in the inflammatory model cells cultured with Raw 264.7 cells were treated with buckwheat sprout including each 10 probiotics before the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation in Raw 264.7 cells. Buckwheat sprout in both Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis BT1 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPC5 significantly reduced the production of NO and PGE₂. The above results indicate that buckwheat sprout extract which contains with various physiologically active substances such as rutin, quercetin, and choline is effective in suppressing NO and PGE₂ production, which are inflammation-related indicators. The present study suggests that buckwheat sprout could induce positive effects on the intestinal beneficial bacteria and in anti-inflammation.