• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2. Results: Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group. Conclusion: Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to analyze research reports published in Korea on cardiac rehabilitation for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Based on inclusion criteria, 19 research reports were included in this review. Published year of selected articles was between 1996 and 2008. Nineteen studies were analyzed by guidelines of the cardiac rehabilitation programs done by the American Heart Association(AHA) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN). Results: The characteristics of patients were mostly of ischemic heart disease, 50-59 yr old, and male. Educational sessions were administered twice, and each lesson lasted less than 30 min. Exercise was done 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Most educational content were about risk factors, but there was no information, such as coping with feelings. Most exercise was performed as ROM, treadmill, and cycle ergometer. A large percentage of outcome indicators were health behavior, hemodynamic changes, and exercise capacity. There was more 'no effect' than 'positive effect' in trait anxiety and depression, whereas similar in physiologic domain. Conclusion: Various types of cardiac rehabilitation in Korea were performed by researchers. Therefore, we need to develop the standard protocol, to add psychosocial intervention, and to study cost effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1991

Ophthalmoscopy following the intravenous injection of fluorescein has gained great diagnostic importance in ophthalmology. This technique provides sequential evaluation of the anatomic and physiologic status of the choroidal and retinal vasculature. In order to detect the changes between fluorescein ocular fundus image frames, the direct subtraction of the two frames is inadequate because of geometric distortions and background gray level differences in two images. In this study, a scheme for the correction of the geometric distortions is proposed. Precise control point coordinate values for transformation functions are manually determined after the process including a series of blood vessel detection and thinning, and one frame is mapped to another, and then a geometric distortion corrected image is obtained. When the corrected image is used in interframe change detections, a sucessful result is ensured.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2014

Plasma ionized calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) concentrations are tightly regulated in the body and maintained within a narrow range; thus it is challenging to quantify calcium absorption under normal physiologic conditions. This study aimed to develop a mechanistic model for the parathyroid hormone (PTH) response after calcium intake and indirectly compare the difference in oral calcium absorption from PTH responses. PTH and $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations were collected from 24 subjects from a clinical trial performed to evaluate the safety and calcium absorption of Geumjin Thermal Water in comparison with calcium carbonate tablets in healthy subjects. Indirect response models (NONMEM Ver. 7.2.0) were fitted to observed $Ca^{2+}$ and PTH data, respectively, in a manner that absorbed but unobserved $Ca^{2+}$ inhibits the secretion of PTH. Without notable changes in $Ca^{2+}$ levels, PTH responses were modeled and used as a marker for the extent of calcium absorption.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2010

Purpose: The study compared the hypertension care efficacy of a case management intervention program for registered clients. Methods: The nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design involved 53 registered hypertensive patients of a customized visiting health care service in S-city(n=28 experimental group, n=25 control group). Data collection and case management intervention were carried out from April to July, 2009. The experimental group had six home visits and two phone calls, and the control group had two home visits during the 8-week period. Outcome variables for test hypotheses were changes in physiologic index (blood pressure and total cholesterol) and degree of self-management performance and confidence. Results: Repeated measure ANOVA and t-test of means revealed significant differences before and after program for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and self-management performance and confidence, but no significant difference concerning total cholesterol. Conclusion: A case management program can have positive effects on blood pressure control and self management. However, research is needed to create a more effective case management for vulnerable patient populations.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.717-720
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• 2002

The present study is to evaluate the performances of flow velocity and wall shear stress in the stenosed coronary artery using human in vivo hemodynamic Parameters and computer simulation. Initial and follow-up coronary angiographics in the patients with angulated coronary stenosis are performed. Follow-up coronary angiogram demonstrated significant difference in the percent of diameter in the stenosed coronary between two groups ($Group\;1:\;40.3{\%},\;Group\;2:\;25.5{\%}$). Flow-velocity wave obtained from in vivo intracoronary Doppler ultrasound data is used for the boundary condition for the computer simulation. Spatial and temporal variations of flow velocity vector and recirculation area are drawn throughout the selected segment of coronary models. The WSS of pre- and post-intracoronary stenting are calculated from three-dimensional computer simulation. Then negative shear stresses area on 3D simulation we noted on the inner wall of the post-stenotic area before stenting. The negative WSS is disappeared after stenting. High spatial and temporal WSS before stenting fell into within physiologic WSS after stenting. This finding was prominent in Model 2. The present study suggest that hemodynamic forces exerted by pulsatile coronary circulation termed WSS might affect on the evolution of atherosclerosis within the angulated vascular curvature. The local recirculation area which has low or negative WSS, might lead to progression of atherosclerosis.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2006

Objectives: To review recent findings from physiologic research about the nature of proprioceptive spinal reflex, proposed explanation for mechanisms of musculoskeletal problems associated with propriceptive dysfunction and techniques controlling this problem. Methods: MEDLINE databases were searched using various combinatins of the keywords proprioception, spinal reflex, somata-somatic reflex, spinal manipulation, muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organ, along with searching the related articles and textbooks. Results and Conclusion: Proprioceptors(muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organs) monitor the position of joints, tension in tendons and ligaments, and the state of muscular contraction. Disturbed activity of proprioceptive spinal reflex can cause chronic state of increased muscle stiffness, pain, deficiencies both in muscle coordination and propioception, and so on. All kinds of techniques that control proprioceptive primary afferent neurons can affect the motor control system and evoke changes in the neuromuscular system.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.278-286
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• 2001

With the aging of society a great deal of interest is being placed on the value of longitudinal data in evaluating physiological losses. We present data on test-one/test-two reliability and reproducibility for measures of training, bone density from a longitudinal study of master athletes. Fifty-two males (mean age at test $1=58.2{\pm}9.8\;years$) and thirty-two females ($54.4{\pm}8.8\;years$) were selected from the study population. Bone mineral density was determined using DEXA (Hologic 1500). The characteristics of the subjects are presented below as $means\;{\pm}\;S.D$. The data was imported into the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS 9.0, Chicago, IL). Paired t-tests were performed between visit 1 and visit 2 in subjects. Pearson correlations were performed. The results of this study indicate the measures of training history, body mass and bone density are reasonably stable and reproducible. We conclude that body composition and bone density parameters are stable and reproducible over time in active older subjects. Physiologic measures in master athletes are fairly stable, and reproducible over time Longitudinal studies investigating age-related changes in master athletes need to be conducted on a time schedule of greater than two years.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was investigated to find the approach in the PNF and TC for frail elder Method : This is a literature study with books, articles, seminal note and books for PNF and TC international course. Result : Neural mechanisms contribute significantly to the gains that occur in the range of motion about a joint with stretching exercises. The participation in a stretch-training program decreases tonic reflex activity and increases flexibility and decreases in force production and muscle activation. Also the stretching-induced decreases may be due to a central nervous system inhibitory mechanism. PNF stretch techniques can increase ROM in older adults. These results may differ from those of studies performed with younger populations because of age-related physiologic changes. TC exercise improves balance control and muscle strength and were associated with reorganized lower extremity neuromuscular patterns. Conclusions : The stretch training program of the PNF and TC contribute to increase the balance and coordination for frail elder. Therefore, The frail elder prevent falling. Further study, The PNF and TC be introduced as the new therapeutic intervention for frail elder.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze physiological changes via a cold air reaction experiment to generate basic data that are useful for the development of an automobile active air conditioning system to prevent drowsiness. The $CO_2$ concentration causing drowsiness in vehicle operation was kept below a certain level. Air was blown to the driver's face by using an indoor air cooling apparatus. Sleepiness and the arousal state of the driver in cold wind were measured by physiological signals. It was evident in the EEG that alpha waves decreased and beta waves increased, caused by cold air stimulation. The ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ ratio was reduced by about 52.9% and an alert state confirmed. In the electrocardiogram analysis, the efficiency of cold air stimulation was confirmed by the mean heart rate interval change. The R-R interval had a delay time of about one minute compared to the EEG response. The findings confirmed an arousal effect from sleepiness due to cold air stimulation.