• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.208-217
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• 2021

Objectives: In spite of the importance of green space for reducing obesity-related problems, there has been little exploration of whether access to green space (e.g., parks and recreational facilities) influences the obesity rate of adults in the United States. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among accessibility of green space, obesity rates, and socioeconomic and demographic variables among adults living in the State of Indiana, United States. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis to investigate the relationships among accessibility to green space, obesity rates, and socio-demographic variables with employing Geographic Information System in order to measure the accessibility of green space. Results: This study found that accessibility of green space served as a strong predictor of reduced obesity rates among adults (β=-2.478; p<0.10). In addition, adults with higher education levels, as well as better access to green space, were found to have even lower obesity rates (β=-0.188; p<0.05). Other control variables such as unemployment rates, food security, and physical inactivity are additional factors that influence obesity rates among adults. Conclusions: Accessibility of green space may play an important role in facilitating physical activity participation and reducing obesity rates.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.133-140
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyse the properties of leisure activity and the life satisfaction in the case of Korea Science Academy(KSA) students and Min Jok Leadership Academy(MLA) students. The participants consisted of KSA students(male:122, female:44) and MLA students(male:71, female:113) with voluntary consent. We had achieved the following results. 1) For leisure activity, KSA and MLA's male students showed the highest ratio for participation in the sports, KSA's female students in the taste-culture activity and MLA's female students in the sight-seeing. 2) The response showed that stress treatment was the principal reason of leisure activity's need. 3) Over 50% of the male students were satisfied with the present leisure activity but 12% of the KSA male students and 14% of the MLA female 14% answered to the "unsatisfactory" or "very unsatisfactory". 4) Mental stress treatment showed the highest ratio in the response to the question asking the principal straight motive of leisure activity. 5) 75$\sim$80% students considered the leisure activity as an important means to maintain health and physical fitness. 6) Though most students participated in the activities with friends, 30% of the students answered that they participate by themselves. 7) It was shown that 51% and 40% of KSA male and female students, 40% of MLA male students and 48% of MLA female students participated in leisure Activity planlessly. 8) The average leisure time of the most students was less than 2 hours a day and Male students were observed to have more leisure time than female, and KSA students to have more time than MLA students. 9) In weekdays, KSA's male students enjoyed mostly the sport for leisure activity, but taste-culture activity showed the highest ratio in the case of MLA students and KSA female students. 10) In the case of male students, 38% of KSA and 54% students of MLA did not play computer game at all, and 70% of the female students in total did not play computer game. Also, the proper control-method was in need because the result showed that KSA's male students spent more time in playing computer game than MLA's male students did. 61% of KSA female students and 53% of MLA female students answered that they did not play compute game at all during weekends. Whereas It showed that 26% of KSA male students played computer game over 3 hours during weekends. 11) The biggest reason for being unable to participate in the leisure activity was the insufficiency of time due to homework or studying for quiz. The laziness also showed high percentage of 19$\sim$25% varying between the groups. 12) The life satisfaction of KSA male students was visibly higher(p<.05) than that of MLA male students but the significantly difference wasn't shown in the case of female students.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

Portable devices, such as smart phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) play an important role in our everyday life. In this paper, we propose a step count algorithm based on SVM(signal vector magnitude) and a adaptive threshold processing to monitor the physical activity. The algorithm measures a user's step counts using the smart phone's inbuilt accelerometer and g sensor. Experiment results showed the proposed algorithm has good performance in accuracy and adaptability than the app on your smart phone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.597-606
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• 1994

Oxygen derived radicals($O_2\;^-$, $H_2O_2$, and $OH^-$) are thought to play a role in a lot of human diseases. And it has been believed that antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase could protect the tissues from damage resulting from the oxygen derived free radicals. The purpose of this study was performed to investigate the activity of the SOD(CuZn- and Mn-SOD) and catalase in inflammatory gingival tissues and the correlation between boold glucose level and antioxidants and age in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NI- DDM) patients. For this study, the patients were classified into normal, inflammatory, and diabetic, and ten their papillary bleeding index(PBI) and gingival index were checked. Subjects consisted of 11 healthy patients with no inflammatroy gingiva, 20 adult periodontitis patients, and 8 diabetic patients, aged 33 to 66(average: 44.62). The blood glucose level of diabetic group was ranged from 120ml/dl to 160ml/dl(physical status 0 : averge : 135.67ml/dl). Gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during periodontal surgery, extraction, and clinical corwn lenghening procedure. The activity of CuZn and Mn- SOD and catalase in the gingival tissues was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer by the same methods that Crapo et al. And Aebi did, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. The Mn-SOD activity was significantly lower in inflammatory group in comparison to normal group(P<0.05), and the activities of antioxidants in diabetic group were not significant in comparison to normal inflammatory group(P>0.05). 2. The activities of antioxidants showed little variation among individuals of different ages (P>0.05). 3. The higher blood glucose level was, the higher gingival index was(P<0.05). 4. There was no correlation between blood glucoe level and activity of antioxidant in inflammatory gingival tissues of NIDDM patients(P>0.05). In conclusion, these results, within the limits of the present experiment, suggest that the activity of Mn-SOD might reflect the inflammatory status of gingival tissue, and the activity of antioxidants was independent of blood glucose level of diabetic patients in physical status 0.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to determine paternal rearing behavior according to rearing characteristics and demographic characteristics. This study is designed as descriptive survey. This study's subjects are 200 people who live in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Seoul and Gyeonggido and they have preschool children of 3-6years old. They live with their children together and they are bringing up their children with a spouse, and they agreed with this study. It was measured by the instrument that 3 nursing scholars modified for content validity based on 18 items which developed parental behavior questionnaire of Bigner(l977). The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC program with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA test. It was used Scheffe' test as post-hoc measurement. As a result of analysis is the following. 1. The results that are measured paternal rearing behavior by mean and standard deviation are that 'activity of play interaction' score was the highest($280{\pm}.59$), and then 'activity of daily living'($2.41{\pm}.58$), and then 'activity of discipline'($2.40{\pm}.93$). The lowest area was 'activity of outhouse'($225{\pm}.85$). As examined paternal rearing behaviors by item, 'express physical affection to children' was the highest and the next items is 'consult with wife about children's rearing problem.'. Item that was shown the lowest score was 'wash children's dress'. 2. Compared paternal rearing behaviors level by demographic characteristics, that showed Significant differences among the fathers job type(F=3.492, p=.005), family monthly income (p=2.011, p=.047), children's number(F=4.641, p=.011). 3. Compared paternal rearing behaviors level by rearing characteristics, that showed significant difference in the satisfaction of marred life (F=3.932, p=.021). In spite of Paternal rearing behavior can influence on children's health and health activity, that is apt to exclude in various family health educational program development and application in nursing field. Therefore, nursing researches about paternal rearing behavior will have to be needed to study in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2017

This research aims to verify the moderating effect of sports activity satisfaction in the relationship between adolescents' communication skills and positive self-concept within peer group. To achieve this purpose, this study extracted 250 samples from five boys high schools in Gyeonggi-do, and used survey of 232 students for actual analysis excluding the surveys with unfaithful answer or double entry. Questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data and conducted frequency analysis, correlation analysis and moderator regression analysis to analyze the collected data. This study drew the following results. It was identified that sub-factors of sports activity satisfaction as social, physical, environmental and educational satisfaction have the moderating effect in the relationship between adolescents' communication skills and social self-concept with peer group. In other words, communication skills within adolescents' peer group play an important role in improving positive self-concept, but when sports activity satisfaction put as a moderating variable, adolescents' positive self-concept would be more improved.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

The number and structure of synapses are dynamically changed in response to diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Since strength of synaptic transmission is closely related to the synaptic density on a neuron, both synaptogenesis and synapse loss may play important roles in controlling neuronal activity. Thus it is essential to estimate the number of synapses using an accurate quantitative method for better understanding of the numerical alteration of synapses under terrain experimental conditions. We applied physical disector principle to estimating the number of synapses per neuron in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. First, we measured the numerical density of granule cells using the physical disector principle. Second, the density of medial perforant path to granule cell synapses was estimated using the bidirectional physical disector. Then, the volume ratio of molecular layer to granule cell layer was measured. With these numerial values, we successfully calculated the number of synapses per neuron. Individual granule cells have approximately 6500 synapses in the dentate gyrus of adult mice $(6,545{\pm}330)$, which are comparable to those of other researchers. Our results showed that the estimation of synapse numbers per neuron using the physical disector principle would provide accurate and precise information on the numerical alteration of synapses in diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Following analyses of synapse numbers using this method will contribute to the better understanding of structural synaptic plasticity in a variety of experimental animal models.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objective : The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of sensory integrative intervention on postural control and occupational performance (play) of the preschool child with postural disorder. Methods : Subject of this study was a 5 years and 8 month old boy. The subject underwent a sensory integration (SI) treatment which was part of the SI clinic course administered by the Korean Sensory Integration Society, in 2012. The treatment goal and treatment plan had established based on the evaluation results. Treatment was done with 11 sessions, the treatment activities and the adaptive responses of the subject were measured as outcome of the SI treatment. The goal of sessions were measured as Goal Attainment Scale, and re-evaluation was done on December in 2012. Results : During SI treatment, the subject was improved the stability of proximal body parts so that maintained Supine-Flexion Posture more than 20 seconds. He also showed increased attention span continuously about 1 activity on physical play. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it was verified that sensory integrative intervention has positive effective on postural control and occupational performance (play) of the preschooler with postural disorder.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.213-233
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• 1996

This study was made on 274 apoplectics patients who received the rehabilitation therapy and tests on physical, psychological and social adaptations as outpatients in 23 general hospitals in the Seoul and Kyungi area. The basic data on degree of improvement of apoplectic patients studied from rehabilitation therapy. Data was collected over a period of 63 days, from February 21st till April, 23, 1996. The assigned physical therapist conducted direct interviews with patients after he answered the distributed questionnaires for each individual patient. The colleted data was processed by the $SPCC/C^+$ method. The results of the tests conducted to meascne the the degree of ADL dependency, depression and social activity corresponding to the physical, psychological, and social adaptation. The details are ; 1) The test to meascne the degree of ADL dependency, corresponding to the study of physical adaptation of CVA patients, indicated a mean score of 2.57(ideal score is 1.0) with a standard deviation of ${\pm}0.75$. The worst score was 3.95 while the best score was a perfect 1.0, representing a severe range of dependency. The distribution was centered with a median of 2.65 and a mode of 2.68. 2) The test to meascne the degree of depression which corresponds to the level of psychological adaptation yielded a mean of 2.99 which is higher than the normal limit of 2.45. The standard deviation was ${\pm}0.52$ and the worst score and the best score were 4.35 and Respectirdy. The distribution was centered with a median of 3.00 and a mode of 3.00. 3) The test to meascne the degree of social activities for the level of social adaptation indicated a very low mean score of 26.52 (perfect score is 144), with the standard deviation of ${\pm}16.23$. Some patients scored as high as 100, but others scored as low as 3. The distribution of social activities at a very low level was shifted to the left with a median of 24.00 and a mode of 20.00. 4) Factors influencing the level of physical, psychological and social adaptation are as follows : Factors significantly influencing the level of physical adaptation measured by ADL dependency are age, personal guardian, payer of medical expenses, and paralysis of the right arm, right leg and facial paralysis. Factors significantly influencing the level of psychological adaptation measured by the degree of depression, are age, marital status, education, medical history of individual and family, speech impediment, and facial paralysis. Factors significantly influencing the level of social adaptation measured by the degree of social activity are age, marital status, education, employment status, and the burden of medical expense. 5) The Corelationship is significant(9.00), between ADL dependeing as degree of physical adaptation and depreseion as degree of psychologial adaptation. ADL dependency is proportional to depression. But social activity is inversely protional to ADL dependeny and depression. In conclusion, the increased care for physical function of the patients is not the only necessary means to better facilitate the appropriate adaptation of CVA patients. The introduction of a solid rehabilitation program for psychological and social adaptation will also play the integral part of the treatment of CVA patients.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.65-89
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the science concepts and teaching and learning methods presented in the science education-related activities of the Nuri Curriculum teacher guidebooks for ages 3-5. Methods: The research data included 772 activities related to science education in the teachers' guidebook. The analysis of science concepts was based on physical science (force and motion, physical structure, electricity and magnetism, light and shadow, sound properties), chemistry (material properties, material reaction), life science (organizational structure, growth and change, heredity and evolution, animal plant and human relationships), earth science (earth system interaction, earth system structure, and universe), engineering (designed world, engineering design, engineering, technology and society) and ecology (environment preservation). Teaching and learning methods were analyzed according to the types of small and large group activities and of free play activities. Results: Science concepts were mainly presented in the fields of engineering, chemistry, and life science commonly among children aged 3-5, whereas the concepts of physical science were lowly presented in all ages. Science concepts appeared mainly in the daily subjects of 'animal plant and nature', 'life tools', 'environment and life', and 'spring, summer, autumn and winter'. As the teaching and learning method, free paly activities (science area, free outdoor selection activity, math and manipulative activity) were mostly used for the ages of 3 and 4, and small and large group activities (cooking, story sharing, music activity) were for the age of 5. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary to select the level of science area and concept that can be taught according to the age of children and the timing of the teaching.