• 제목/요약/키워드: phthalic acid esters

검색결과 10건 처리시간 0.017초

Simultaneous Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Total and Individual Phthalic Esters Utilizing Alkaline Hydrolysis and Silyl Derivatization Technique

  • Kim, Min-Seon;Li, Dong-Hao;Shim, Won-Joon;Oh, Jae-Ryoung;Park, Jong-Man
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.432-438
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    • 2007
  • Environmentally important phthalic esters have been analyzed by GC-MS in terms of individual phthalic esters or total phthalic esters directly or after derivatization. Derivatization improves the chromatographic characteristics of the highly polar phthalic esters. This study focused on the GC-MS determination of the total phthalic esters and the individual phthalic esters simultaneously. The phthalic esters were hydrolyzed to phthalate and corresponding alcohols in 1 M NaOH solution at 90 oC for 30 min followed by extraction with ethyl acetate after acidifcation. The phthalic acid and alcohols were simultaneously silyl derivatized using bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) to their corresponding silyl ester and ethers in the mixture of 60% acetone and 40% ethyl acetate at room temperature within 30 min. Because of the high reactivity of BSTFA with the phthalic acid and alcohols effective silyl derivatization was possible simultaneously. GC-MS analysis of the silyl derivatives of phthalic acid and alcohols was performed. The total phthalic ester content was estimated from the analytical result of phthalic silyl ester, while the individual phthalic ester was quantified from the analytical results of alcoholic silyl ethers. This technique was applied to spiked tab water and real seawater samples from the Lake Shihwa in Korea. The results were checked against the results from the direct GC-MS analysis of the phthalic esters and reasonable recoveries with high sensitivity were achieved. The recoveries were higher than 75% with low relative standard deviation (below 10%).

백색부후균 Polyporus brumalis에 의한 프탈산의 분해 (Biodegradation of Phthalic acid by White rot Fungus, Polyporus brumalis)

  • 이수민;박기령;이성숙;김명길;최인규
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제33권1호통권129호
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    • pp.48-57
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    • 2005
  • 플라스틱 가소제로 사용되고 있는 프탈레이트류(phthalate esters)의 백색부후균에 의한 분해 특성을 확인하기 위해 본 연구에서는 프탈레이트 제조에 사용되고 있는 전구체로서 프탈산(phthalic acid)의 분해를 Polyporus brumalis를 이용하여 확인하였다. 프탈산(phthalic acid) 50 ppm을 액상 배지에 처리하고 균체에 의한 프탈산의 감소율을 확인한 결과, 배양 4일 후부터 감소하기 시작하여 배양 24일에는 배지 내에서 검출되지 않아 완전히 분해되었음을 확인하였고, 배양 기간 동안 리그닌 분해 효소 활성 변화는 배양 10일 후부터 대조구에 비해 프탈산 처리구의 효소 활성이 저조하게 나타남을 확인하였다. Esterase의 경우에는 대조구에서 보여지는 효소 활성 변화와는 달리 배양 10일 이후에 지속적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 영양원으로 사용된 glucose는 배양 6일 째까지는 대조구와 프탈산 처리구간에 감소율이 유사하였으나, 이후 배양 시간이 연장됨에 따라 배지 내에서 급격하게 감소하는 것을 확인하여 대조구에 비해 프탈산 처리구가 glucose 소모율이 낮았다. 이는 프탈산이 균체에 흡수된 후에 대사작용에 이용되기 때문이라 사료된다. 또한, 균체외 효소에 의한 프탈산의 화학적 구조변화를 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석한 결과 반응 12시간 이내에 무수프탈산으로 탈수 반응이 급격히 진행되는 것을 확인하였다.

Toxicological Characterization of Phthalic Acid

  • Bang, Du-Yeon;Lee, In-Kyung;Lee, Byung-Mu
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.191-203
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    • 2011
  • There has been growing concern about the toxicity of phthalate esters. Phthalate esters are being used widely for the production of perfume, nail varnish, hairsprays and other personal/cosmetic uses. Recently, exposure to phthalates has been assessed by analyzing urine for their metabolites. The parent phthalate is rapidly metabolized to its monoester (the active metabolite) and also glucuronidated, then excreted. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of phthalic acid (PA), which is the final common metabolic form of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The individual PA isomers are extensively employed in the synthesis of synthetic agents, for example isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA), which have very broad applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers and components of polyester fiber, film and fabricated items. There is a broad potential for exposure by industrial workers during the manufacturing process and by the general public (via vehicle exhausts, consumer products, etc). This review suggests that PA shows in vitro and in vivo toxicity (mutagenicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc.). In addition, PA seems to be a useful biomarker for multiple exposure to PAEs in humans.

저질중의 프탈산 에스테르와 아디피산 분석 (Determination of Phthalic Acid Esters and Adipate in Sediment Samples)

  • 명승운;장윤정;윤성호;조현우;김명수
    • 분석과학
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.360-364
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    • 2002
  • 환경시료 중에서 가장 일반적으로 검출되는 8종의 프탈산 에스테르 및 아디피산을 1999년에서 2001년 사이에 국내 저질 (11개 지점)에 대하여 5회씩 측정하였다. 저질시료는 완전히 건조시킨 후 디클로로메탄을 추출용매로 사용하여 초음파세정기로 추출한 후 GC/MS의 SIM 모드로 분석하였다. 그 결과 저질에서 DEP, DBP 및 DEHP만 검출되고 다른 프탈레이트는 검출되지 않았다. 저질의 경우는 DEHP가 27.3~63.6% 검출빈도를 나타냄으로써 제일 빈번히 검출되었고, 또한 이 물질은 평균 측정농도도 가장 높게 나타났다 (81.7~427.6 ng/g).

In vitro approach to investigating the free radical generation of endocrine disruptor

  • Kim HJ;Kim BH;An KH
    • 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 춘계심포지움 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.117-117
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    • 2001
  • We investigated Free radical generation of endocrine disrupter, bisphenol A and alkyl esters of phthalic acid (DEP, DBP) using lipid peroxidation, enzyme assay (SOD, Catalase, Gpx-px), Cell viability and phototoxicity. Bisphenol A are monomers of various plastics including polycarbonates and epoxy resins which are used in numerous consumer products. The release of BPA from some of these materials has recently been reported. (omitted)

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업종별 산업폐수 중 프탈산에스테르와 디에틸헥실아디페이트의 잔류수준 (Residue levels of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and diethylhexyl adipate(DEHA) in various industrial wastewaters)

  • 김혜성;박상아;이혜리;이진선;이수영;김재훈;임종권;최종우;이원석
    • 분석과학
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 플라스틱의 가소제로 널리 사용되고 있는 프탈산에스테르(DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP) 5종과 디에틸헥실아디페이트(DEHA)의 수질 중 분석법을 확립하고, 41개 지점의 산업폐수를 분석하였다. 검정곡선은 분석대상성분 모두 결정계수 0.98이상으로 수질오염공정시험기준을 만족하는 직선성을 나타내었으며, 방법검출한계(MDL)는 프탈산에스테르가 0.4~0.7 μg/L, 디에틸헥실아디페이트가 0.6 μg/L를 수준이었다. 그리고 회수율은 77.0~92.3%였으며, 상대표준편차는 5.8~10.5% 범위였다. 41개 지점의 산업폐수 중 유입수 45점과 방류수 40점을 분석한 결과, 유입수에서 DMP (n=5), DEP (n=2), DBP (n=1), BBP (n=2), DEHA (n=3)의 검출율은 2.2~11.1%였다. DEHP는 유입수 (n=16)에서 35.6 %, 방류수 (n=4)에서 10.0%을 나타내 92~100%의 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 산업폐수 업종별 유입수 중 최고 잔류 수준은 플라스틱제품제조업 137.4 μg/L (DEHP), 기타화학제품 제조업 12.5 μg/L(DEHA), 전기업 14.0 μg/L(DEP)이었다. 방류수 중 최고농도는 기초화학물질 제조업 2.1 μg/L(DEHP)이었다. 전 지점에서의 DEHP는 수질오염물질의 배출허용기준(특례지역 800 μg/L)을 초과하지 않았다. 따라서 인근 하천에 흐르는 산업폐수 중 프탈산에스테르(Phthalic Acid Esters)와 디에틸헥실아디페이트가 수생태계환경에 미치는 영향이 크지 않을 것이다.

IN VITRO IMMUNOTOXICITY OF MBP, A MAJOR METABOLITE OF DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE(DBP) ON SD RAT SPLENIC B CELLS AND HUMAN B LYMPHOMA CELLS

  • Juno H. Eom;Chung, Seung-Tae;Park, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Kwon;Oh, Hae-Young;Kim, Hyung-Soo
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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    • pp.186-186
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    • 2002
  • Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) is one of the most commonly used phthalic acid esters(PAEs) as a plasticizer, a solvent or a component in cosmetic formulations. MBP(monobutyl phthalate) is a major metabolite of DBP. Although DBP has been identified as a reproductive toxicant in several animal species and also known as a endocrine disruptor, the direct or indirect immunomodulatory effect of DBP has been little reported.(omitted)

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SD Rat에 있어서 출생 전.후에 걸친 Di(n-butyl) Phthalate 노출에 의한 발생면역독성 (Developmental Immunotoxicity in SD Rat Pups Exposed by Di(n-butyl) Phthalate through Pre and Postnatal)

  • 엄준호;정승태;이종권;박재현;권태우;김지영;오혜영;김형수
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.401-409
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    • 2002
  • Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most commonly wed phthalic acid esters (PAEs). It is extensively wed as a plasticizer in elastomers, as a solvent for printing inks and resins, and as a textile lubricating agent. It is also present in the formulations of various cosmetic products. DBP has been identified as a reproductive toxicant in several animal species and also know as a endocrine disruptor. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DBP on developmental immune Junction wing rat pups as experimental animals. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were orally dosed with 0, 250, 500, or 750 mg DBP/kg body weight once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18 and postpartum day (PD) 3 to 18. On PD22, the dams and their pups were euthanized and examined for alteration in parameters associated to immune function. The results showed no significant changes in body weight, thymus weight, thymus and spleen cellularities, the polyclonal activation respones of splenocyte with ConA and LPS, and also the distribution of arterial blood cells and thymocyto subsets in both rat dam and pups. However DBP exposure on rat dam resulted in increases of liver weights of dam and their pups except 750 mg DBP/kg, and body and spleen weights in pups except 750 mg DBP/kg. On the other hands, distribution rates of CD8+ T cells at 500 mg DBP/kg and B cells at 750 mg DBP/kg among splenocyte subsets were significantly increased in rat pups, unlike dams. Reasons of these distribution alterations of CD8+ T cells and B cells in rat pups are under study.

EFFECTS OF DI(N-BUTYL) PHTHALATE, AN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF PREGNANT SD RATS AND THEIR PUPS

  • Juno H. Eom;Chung, Seung-Tae;Park, Jae-Hyun;Lee, Jong-Kwon;Chung, Hyung-Jin;Kwan, Tae-Woo;Kim, Hyung-Soo;Oh, Hae-Young
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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    • pp.98-98
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    • 2002
  • Di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) is one of the most commonly used phthalic acid esters(PAEs). It is extensively used as a plasticizer in elastomers and explosives, as a solvent for printing inks and resins and as a textile lubricating agent. It is also present in the formulations of various cosmetic products.(omitted)

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보란-염화리튬에 의한 유기화합물의 환원반응 (Effect of Lithium Chloride on the Borane Reduction of Organic Compound)

  • 윤능민;차진순
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 1978
  • $BH_3$-THF 용액에 염화리튬을 가한 새로운 환원계의 환원특성에 대한 연구가 대표적인 작용기를 가진 유기화합물을 가지고 표준조건($0^{\circ}$, THF)에서 이루어졌다. 조사 연구된 화합물중 벤조페논, 4가지 에스테르 및 시클로헥센은 $BH_3$ 환원과 별 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 2-헵탄온, 아세토페논, 염화벤조일, 프탈산무수물, 그리고 3가지 에폭시화물은 소량의 염화리튬에 의해 빠른 속도로 환원이 완결 되었다. 특히 에폭시화시클로헥센의 환원에 있어서는 소량의 염화리튬 존재하에서는 정량적으로 시클로헥산올을 생성하였으나 염화리튬의 양이 증가하면 2-클로로시클로헥산올이 시클로헥산올과 함께 생성됨을 알았다. 또한, 에폭시화시클로헥센과의 반응에 있어서 질산리튬은 염화리튬과는 달리 별로 효과가 없었다. 따라서 보란-염화리튬용액에 클로로수소화붕소리튬의 생성가능성을 논의하였다.

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