• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

In this paper, we test the electrical resistance of flat wire in the PV module. normally solar cell has two kind of flat wire(inter connection ribbon and bus bar ribbon). we found the phenomenon that has a unbalance with resistance when we make a wiling between of string. So, we measurement the resistance of flat wire each other. and analysis of missmatch with resistance between flat wires on PV module. next to survey of IR picture on missmatch flat wire samples for analyze of missmatch with current in the wire. and we perform IR test with solar cell that has a connection with flat wire for test the effect of missmatch resistance on solar cell. Finally we perform the Dark I-V test for survey of effect by the unbalance of resistance. By the result of Dark I-V test, the series resistance of existing connection sample is large more then innovated connection sample.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2023

We studied the various characteristics of Sn-In (wt%) Pb-free solders for photovoltaic ribbon application. The solders near the eutectic composition of Sn₄₈In₅₂ (wt%) existed in InSn₄ and In₃Sn alloy phases, and in In crystal phase, but not in Sn crystal phase. In addition, the InSn₄ phase (γ-alloy) existed separately from the In₃Sn (β-alloy) and the In phase confirmed by an SEM-EDS-mapping. The melting temperature of the eutectic solder of Sn₄₈In₅₂ (wt%) was 119.2℃, and when the Sn content decreased in reference to the eutectic composition, it slightly increased to 121.4℃, but when the Sn content increased, it remained almost constant at 119.1℃. The peel strength of the ribbon plated with the Sn₄₂In₅₈ (wt%) solder was 38.7 N/mm², and it tended to increase when the Sn content increased. The peel strength of the eutectic Sn₄₈In₅₂ (wt%) solder was 53.6 N/mm², and that of the Sn₅₁In₄₉ (wt%) solder was 61.6 N/mm² that was the highest.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2024

We have studied the effects of Ag on the characteristics of Sn₄₈In₅₂Ag_x (wt%) low-melting solders for photovoltaic ribbons. The Sn₄₈In₅₂ (wt%) solder coexisted in the InSn₄ and In₃Sn alloys. Ag atoms added in the solder formed an AgIn₂ alloy by reacting with some part of In atoms, while they did not react with Sn atoms. The addition of Ag atoms in the Sn₄₈In₅₂Ag_x (wt%) solders showed useful results; an increase in peel strength and a decrease in melting temperature. The peel strength of the ribbon plated with the Sn₄₈In₅₂ (wt%) solder was 53.6 N/mm², and that of the Sn₄₈In₅₂Ag₁ (wt%) solder largely increased to 125.1 N/mm². In the meanwhile, the melting temperature of the Sn₄₈In₅₂ (wt%) solder was 119.2℃, and that of the Sn₄₈In₅₂Ag₁ (wt%) solder decreased to 114.0℃.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.114-117
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• 2023

Transparent Photovoltaic (PV) modules have recently been in the spotlight because they can be applied to buildings and vehicles. However, crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar modules, which account for about 90% of the PV module market, have the disadvantage of applying transparent PV modules due to their unique opacity. Recently, a see-through type PV module using a crystalline silicon solar strap has been developed. However, there is a problem due to a decrease in aesthetics due to the metal ribbon in the center of the see-through type PV module and difficulty bonding the metal ribbon due to the low voltage output of the strap. In this study, to solve this problem, we developed a fabrication process of series connected c-Si solar strap cells using the c-Si solar cells. We succeeded in fabricating a series connected strap with a width of 2-10 mm, and we plan to manufacture an aesthetic see-through type c-Si PV module.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

폐 태양광 전지내의 구리리본전극으로부터 구리를 회수하기 위해 불활성 가스분위기하에서 $300-600^{\circ}C$로 열처리 하였다. 구리리본전극의 코팅층은 68.99 wt.%의 납과 31.21 wt.%의 주석으로 구성되어 있는데, 각각의 온도에서 코팅층을 용해한 후 반응도가니에 용해된 코팅층 회수하였다. 열처리 후 회수되어진 코팅층은 ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)로 성분 분석을 실시하였으며, 온도범위에 관계없이 95 wt.% 이상의 구리순도를 얻을 수 있었다. 구리리본전극 샘플의 횡단면은 SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray microscopy)로 관찰하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

최근 급격히 증가하는 생산량과 설치로 태양광모듈의 재활용이 주요 이슈가 되고 있다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 폐 태양광모듈의 양은 2030년에는 약 8600톤에 달할 것으로 예상되며, 결정질 실리콘 태양광 모듈은 그 가운데 약 90%에 달할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 결정질 실리콘 태양광 모듈은 중량비로 약 1.3%의 태양광 리본을 함유하며, 이 태양광 리본은 태양광 모듈에 함유된 대다수의 납, 주석, 구리를 포함하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 태양광 리본으로부터 유가금속을 분리하고자 시도되었다. 샘플 분석 결과 태양광 리본은 약 82.1% 구리, 8.9% 주석, 5.2% 납, 그리고 3.1% 은을 포함하는 것으로 확인되었다. 침출 실험은 3M 염산을 사용하였고, 침출 된 은 이온은 염화은의 할로겐 화합물로 회수되었다. 구리의 경우, Lix984N을 이용해 납과 주석으로부터 분리되었고, 3M의 황산을 이용해 스트리핑 되었다. 한편, 최적 조건하에서 구리 침출 효율은 약 99.64%이었다. 납과 주석의 경우, 수소이온 농도 조절을 통해 분리될 수 있었으며, 이 경우, 회수율은 약 99%이었다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2013

Generally, photovoltaic modules consist of glass, EVA, Solar Cell, back sheet and ribbon. But EVA, solar cell, ribbon affect electric output with temperature. EVA is a change in the transmittance of light from the sun. In addition, the solar cell output is decreased with temperature and the ribbon increases resistance. Transmittance and reflectance of glass and EVA were measured. In this paper, the characteristics of the components of PV module as EVA and Glass, ribbon were studied by variable temperature. effects on material properties investigated. As a result, glass is independent in temperature variation. EVA was the reduction 1~4% in transmittance. Solar cell decrease 0.469[%/$^{\circ}C$] in electric output by temperature variation. Other factors was controlled in solar cell..

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1057_1058
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• 2009

현재 양산중인 태양전지모듈의 효율은 일반적으로 태양전지보다 2~3% 낮은 상황이다. 이것은 태양전지모듈의 구성 부품 및 공정기술 등 여러가지 요인에 의한 것으로 태양전지 모듈의 고 효율화를 위해서는 이러한 요소에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 태양전지 모듈 구성 부품 중 PV-ribbon이 태양전지모듈에 적용되는 과정에서 발생하는 저항에 대한 분석을 통해 PV-ribbon의 저항이 모듈 효율에 미치는 영향을 실험을 통해 검토하고자 하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2020

This study investigates the degradation characteristics of different material types of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyolefin (POE) with combining transparent backsheet. To this end, we fabricated samples with structure of glass/encapsulant/transparent backsheet for each type of encapsulants, and shingled Si modules with the same structure. The samples were then subjected to accelerated test by storing under damp heat condition of 85℃ and 85% RH. As a result, encaplsulant discoloration was observed, which the transmittance of the samples with EVA decreased in a rapid rate than the samples with POE. The discoloration also affected a power degradation of the shingled modules with a reduction of current density, resulting that the module with EVA showed more drop on the efficiency than the modules with POE. Furthermore, corrosion of the soldered ribbon caused by acetic acid produced from the degraded EVA also contributed in fill factor reduction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.9-10
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigated the effect of solar cell breakage on maximum output power of PV module. The test result using artificial light source didn't give any change in output power in case of crack near electrical ribbon. Also, there was a reduction in output power in case of increasing of crack area far from electrical ribbon. But, this experiment is under artificial light source test method. So, when such a PV module is outdoor for a long time, there would be problems on electrical output power and durability because of thermal aging phenomenon of solar cell breakage.