• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2015

본 연구는 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 근거한 5가지 온도처리가 '춘광' 배추의 생육, 품질 및 생리반응에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 처리구는 $-2.0^{\circ}C$(I), 평년온도(II), $+2.0^{\circ}C$(III), $+4.0^{\circ}C$(IV), $+6.0^{\circ}C$(V) 등 5 수준으로 설정하였다. 생체중, 엽수 및 엽면적의 경시적 변화를 조사한 결과, 결구 이전에는 고온처리구인 IV, V처리구가 높은 수치를 보였으나, 결구기 이후 현저히 감소하여 정식 후 70일에는 고온처리구일수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 배추 내부의 무름 증상은 V처리구가 85.7%로 가장 높았으며, IV (64.3%), III (28.6%), II (14.3%), I (7.1%)순으로 감소하였다. 광합성률을 측정한 결과, 정식 후 30일전에는 III, IV, V처리구의 광합성률이 높은 수치를 보였으나, 생육후반에는 크게 감소한 반면, I, II처리구는 크게 증산량과 기공전도도 역시 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 정식 후 50일의 엽록소 형광반응을 비교한 결과, Fv/Fm은 I처리구가 8.04로 처리구 중 가장 높았으며 IV처리구가 7.15로 가장 낮았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2012

자생지별 꼬리진달래의 생리반응을 측정한 결과 광보상점은 석포리 11.8 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 연하리 11.5 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 월악산 10.4 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$로 나타났으며, 광포화점은 500~600 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ 범위로 나타나 음수의 생리적 특성을 갖고 있었다. 광포화시의 광합성 능력은 석포리 5.5 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 연하리 5.4 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 월악산 5.6 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$로 나타나 광보상점과 광포화점, 광합성 능력은 자생지별로 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 온도 변화에 따른 자생지별 꼬리진달래의 순광합성 속도는 3지역 모두 20~$30^{\circ}C$ 온도역에서 높은 광합성 속도를 유지하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 $25^{\circ}C$에서 가장 활발한 광합성을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 연하리의 수분이용효율이 석포리와 월악산에 비해더 높은 것은 포화광도에서 낮은 기공증산속도로 인한 결과였으며, 꼬리진달래의 자생지별 엽록소 a, b 및 총 엽록소 함량은 유의적차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 통해 꼬리진달래는 음수의 특성을 가지며, 생육에 적합한 온도는 20~$30^{\circ}C$인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2015

Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is relatively sensitive to temperature and light conditions. For year round production of good quality potted plants and energy saving, it is necessary to understand the growth and flowering response to the combined conditions of these environmental factors. This study was conducted to examine the growth and flowering responses to temperature, photoperiod, and light intensity during the post-seedling stage. 'El Paso Deep Blue' lisianthus plants with four true leaf pairs were grown in growth chambers maintained at average daily temperatures (ADT) of 14, 20, and $26^{\circ}C$ and provided with three photosynthetic photon fluxes [PPF; 100, 200, and $400{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$] for 8 (08:00-16:00) and 16 hours (08:00-24:00) by fluorescent and incandescent lamps, resulting in four daily light integrals (DLI): about 3, 6 (two photoperiods), 12 (two photoperiods), and $24mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. After treatment for three weeks followed by growth for one week in a greenhouse of $20{\pm}3^{\circ}C$, growth and development were measured. Higher temperature, higher PPF, and longer photoperiod promoted plant growth and flowering; however the impacts of PPF and photoperiod were smaller than those of temperature. As ADT and DLI increased, the number of leaves, number of flowers, lateral shoot length, and shoot dry weight increased. An increase of about $1mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ DLI could constitute an increase of 0.40 to $0.76^{\circ}C$ ADT depending on these crop characteristics when ADT and DLI are above $20^{\circ}C$ and $12mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, growers can select a regimen of heating or supplemental lighting without delaying harvesting time or decreasing crop quality.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.228-234
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• 1998

An adaptive measure of photosynthetic cells to a condition identified with a reduction of cellular energy charge, caused by water deficit-induced impairment of photosynthetic ATP production, was investigated using hydroponically cultured rice seedlings. Water stress treatment of the seedlings resulted in a marked decrease in cellular ATP level, a significant increase in the content of NAD(H) and concurrent decrease in that of NADP(H) in shoots, which accompanied a decrease in the activity of NAD kinase (EC 2.7.1.23) that specifically converts NAD(H) to NADP(H). The decline in the enzyme activity was particularly evident in the $Ca^{2+}/calmodulin-dependent$ kinase, the major form of NAD kinase in plants, whereas the level of active calmodulin remained unchanged during water deficit. The ratio of $NADP^+$ to NADPH was maintained nearly constant and no increases were seen in the level of $H_2O_2$ and the activities of $superoxide/H_2O_2-detoxifying$ enzymes in shoots stress-treated for two days. Based on these results, it may be suggested that rice plants take a strategy to cope with an adverse situation of limited photophosphorylation created by water deficit in that cells facilitate ATP production through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation; in doing so, rice cells suppress NAD kinase activity, consequently up-sizing the NAD(H) pool at the expense of the NADP(H) pool. Several parameters associated with the stress symptoms are also of implicative that there is no overproduction of superoxide radical or the related active oxygen at least in rice seedlings.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

We compared absorption and adsorption rates of air pollutants by plants to eveluate the difference of absorption capacity of plant species and kinds of air pollutants, when foilage plants were exposed to $O_3$ and $SO_2$ singly and combiningly. Absorption and adsorption rates of three foliage plants exposed to $O_3$ and $SO_2$ singly and in combination varied a little according to plant species and kinds of air pollutants. But total absorption rate of Spathiphyllum patinii and Ficus benjamina was higher, and it was lower in Pachira aquatica. When exposed to $O_3$ and $SO_2$ at the same concentration, Pachira aquatica absorbed more $O_3$ than $SO_2$, in contrast to Ficus benjamina absorbing more $SO_2$. On the other hand, Spathiphyllum patinii absorbed as much $O_3$ as $SO_2$. Physiological activities were measured since absorption rates were affected by physiological characteristics of plants. Spathiphyllum patinii and Ficus benjamina showed higher photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and Pachira aquatica showed lower values. And diffusive and stomatal resistences of Pachira aquatica were higher than those of two other species. These results showed that absorption capacity was affected by the differences of physiological characteristics. Absorption capacity of air pollutants increased in plants, such as Spathiphyllum patinii and Ficus benjamina, which had high $SO_2$ absorption rate. We found that plants showing high $CO_2$ absorption rates absorb a lot of air pollutnats.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.205-205
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• 2017

An excess soil water condition is one of the major problems for the field crops growing in paddy fields because of their poor drainage and less availability for oxygen uptake which leads to adversely affect the photosynthesis. Therefore, the current study was undertaken with aim to investigate the effects groundwater level on the photosynthetic response of soy bean (Urum), red bean (Arari), sesame (Geonbaek), perilla (Dayu) after the transplanting to the lysimeter to investigate the plant-water relation and their effect on photosynthesis. The chlorophyll content of the crops according to the humid conditions of the soy bean, sesame and the perilla was found to be 5%, 6.89 % and 13.7% higher than that of the groundwater treated at 40cm, respectively. On the other hand, the chlorophyll content of adzuki bean decreased 6.6% from the groundwater level of 40cm, and the sorghum decreased by 5.7%. As a result of investigating the Fv / Fm value of groundwater, the adzuki bean at 20cm above groundwater was lower than that of groundwater by 40cm immediately before flowering. The Fv / Fm value of soy bean and sesame at 40cm above groundwater were lowered by flowering under groundwater 20 cm and Fv / Fm value of sorghum is increased at 40 cm treatment immediately before flowering while the Fv / Fm values of the perilla had no significant difference in comparison to those at 20 cm and 40 cm of groundwater. In the case of chlorophyll fluorescence reaction, it is known that the when the absolute value is closer to 0.82, the stress is considered less. As a result of comparing the numerical values of the crops, it was found that the sorghum was the most stressed followed by adzuki bean and sesame, while the soy beans and perilla was found on the average, as they received less stress.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2013

The effect of solution temperature and nitrogen form on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism was investigated in hydroponic culture. Cucumber plants were grown for 35 days in a greenhouse at three constant solution temperatures ($15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$) within a natural aerial temperature ($15-30^{\circ}C$). Four nitrate:ammonium ($NO{_3}^-:NH{_4}^+$) ratios (10:0, 8:2, 5:5, and 2:8 $mmol{\cdot}L^{-1}$) at constant nitrogen (N) concentration of $10mmol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were applied within each solution temperature treatment. Results showed an increasing solution temperature enhanced plant growth (height, dry weight, and leaf area) in most N treatments. Dry weight accumulation was greatest at the 10:0 $NO{_3}^-:NH{_4}^+$ ratio in the $15^{\circ}C$ solution, the 5:5 ratio in the $20^{\circ}C$ solution and the 8:2 ratio in the $25^{\circ}C$ solution. Photosynthetic rate (Pn) response to solution temperature and $NO{_3}^-:NH{_4}^+$ ratio was similar to that of plant growth. Probably, the photosynthate shortage played a role in the reduced biomass formation. Increasing solution temperature enhanced the nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and further reduced shoots nitrate content. Our results indicate that the optimal ratio of nitrate to ammonium that promotes growth in hydroponic cucumber varies with solution temperature.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

사방오리나무(Alnus firma)가 공해에 대해서 내성을 가지는 이유를 구명하기 위해서 광합성 등 생리적인 특성과 몇 가지 antioxidant 관여 효소를 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 공단이 많은 오염지역(여천산업단지)에서도 잘 자라는 사방오리나무 개체목과 피해를 받은 개체목을 각각 선발하였다. 그리고 비교를 위해서 오염원이 거의 없는 청정지역(수원)에서도 비슷한 생장을 하고 있는 개체목을 각각 1997년도에 선발하였다. 광합성능력, 기공전도도, 증산량, 엽록소함량, Rubisco, Antioxidant 효소(Superoxide dismutase(SOD) 그리고 Glutathione reductase(GR))의 활성 모두, 오염지역에서 잘 자라며 가시적인 피해를 보이지 않는 개체목의 경우 가시적인 피해가 있는 개체의 경우보다 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 오염물질로부터 자신을 보호하여 정상적인 생장을 유지하기 위한 생물학적인 보상(Biological compensation)을 하는 것이라고 추정된다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2014

Four chickpea cultivars viz. kabuli (Pusa 1088 and Pusa 1053) and desi (Pusa 1103 and Pusa 547) differing in sensitivity to high temperature conditions were analyzed in earthern pot (30 cm) at different stages of growth and development in the year of 2010 and 2011. Pusa-1053 (kabuli type) showed maximum photosynthetic rate and least by Pusa-547 (desi type), whereas maximum cell membrane thermostability were recorded in Pusa-1103 and minimum in Pusa-1088. Among the treatments, the plants grown under elevated temperature conditions had produced 13.01% more significant data in comparison to plants grown under continuous natural conditions. Stomatal conductance were reduced 44.25% under elevated temperature conditions than natural conditions, whereas 35.56%, when plants grown under initially natural conditions upto 30DAS, then 30-60DAS elevated temperature and finally shifted to natural conditions till harvest. In case of Pusa-1103, stomatal conductance was maximum as compared to rest of 2.7% from Pusa-1053, 8.9% from Pusa-1088, and 10.3% in Pusa-547 throughout the study. Plants grown under continuous elevated temperature conditions had produced 15.30% and 15.32% more significant membrane thermostability index in comparison to continuous natural conditions at vegetative stage and 19.40% and 18.44% at flowering stage, while the better response was recorded at pod formation stage. Pusa-1053 had given 2.8% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-1088 and Pusa-1103 had given 1.6% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-547 in the present study. The membrane disruption caused by high temperature may alter water ion and inorganic solutes movement, photosynthesis and respiration. Thus, thermostability of the cell membrane depends on the degree of the electrolyte leakage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 1997

Development of shoot and root, leaf water potential and photosynthetic rate affected by water stress in early growing stage of tobacco were surveyed to interpret stress response in terms of plant physiological and agricultural aspects. The growth of shoot and root was highly suppressed by water stress and the difference in dry weight by rewatering was smaller in root than in shoot. The total root length was highly decreased by water stress and the lengths of root for water stress and non-stress were 74m and 84m, respectively, after rewatering. The root growth treated by water stress was increased between 2nd and 3rd day after treatment indicating that temporary water stress at early growing stage might have increased of root zone activity for early growth stage. The leaf water potentials were decreased to -7.63MPa, -9.47MPa, -11.89MPa, -13MPa at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day by water stress. The relative water contents were 75%, 62% and 57% at the 3rd, 4th and 5th day after treatment. Photosynthesis was reduced largely by water stress. The photosynthetic rate after treatment at 2nd day and 3rd day was dropped to 18.15$\mu$mol. $CO_2$/$m^2$ㆍsec$^{-1}$ and 9.35$\mu$mol. $CO_2$/$m^2$ㆍsec$^{-1}$. It was never recovered to the normal, even after rewatering. Stomatal conductance had been reduced since 2nd day after treatment and increased after rewatering.