• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.31 no.2 s.85
• /
• pp.237-248
• /
• 2001

Biomechanical reactions of tooth movement are the combination of bone formation and resorption, in which many paracrine factors are involved. The sex hormone is one of the paracrine factors and the sex hormonal level of an adult female vanes according to the body condition, e.g. mensturation, pregnancy, postmenopause, etc. Although the exact mechanism is not clarified yet, estrogen and progesterone are known to regulate the function of osteoblast. Again osteoblast is reported to affect the function of osteoclast. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the female sex hormone, estrogen and progesterone, on the cell proliferation and activity of HOS and ROS17/2.8 cell line. The observed results were as follows. 1. Estrogen inhibited HOS cell proliferation and promoted ROS17/2.8 cell proliferation. 2. Estrogen increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase of HOS cell and reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatase of ROS17/2.8 cell. 3. Progesterone inhibited the proliferation of HOS and ROS17/2.8 cell, but had no influence on the activity of alkaline phosphatase. 4. Estrogen and progeterone did not have any particular effects on the activity of super oxide, nitric oxide and gelatinase of HOS and ROS17/2.8 cell.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.370-377
• /
• 2001

Flounder brain cytosol contains protein inhibitors that markedly inhibit the activity of partially purified brain membrane phospholipase D (PLD) which is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ($PIP_2$) but insensitive to ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), The PLD inhibitors have been enriched through several chromatographic steps and characterized with respect to size and mechanism of inhibition. Sequential chromatography of the brain cytosol yielded six inhibitor fractions, Two (IIA and IIB) of six inhibitor fractions showed the $PIP_2$-phosphatase activities. IIA was identified as synaptojanin, a nerve terminal protein that has known to be a member of the inositolpolyphosphate 5-phosphatase family, by immunoblot analysis. IIB showed an apparent molecular mass of 158 kDa by Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography and was immunologically distinct from synaptojanin. IIB hydrolyzed $PIP_2$, yielding only phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) as product, suggesting that IIB hydrolyzes only one phosphate from either the 4- or 5-position of PI (4,5)$P_2$. These studies demonstrate that the existence of multiple $PIP_2$-phosphatases have been implicated in the negative regulation of $PIP_2$-dependent PLD activity within flounder brain.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.9-28
• /
• 1982

Cyclical changes in the fine structures of the surface epithelial, stroma and glandular cells of guinea pig endometrium during the estrous cycle were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Cytochemical studies were made in order to investigate the ultrastructural localization of the acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in these cells. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The endometrial surface epithelium was pseudostratified columnar during estrus and meterstrus, and simple columnar during proestrus and diestrus. The characteristic features observed in these cells include increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio at proestrus, elongated shapes of both the nucleus and the entire cell, increased volume of the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic bulding into the lumen during estrus, and smaller surface epithelial cells during metestrus. 2. In the cytoplasm of surface epithelial cells, the numbers of mitochondria and free ribosomes were increased, and rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex appeared during estrus, and the degenerated cells, lipid droplets, multilamellated bodies and lysosomes appeared during diestrus. 3. During estrus, scanning electron microscopic observations of endometrial surface showed a regular arrangement with polygonal outlines of epithelial cells, distinct intercellular border, and bulged surface into the lumen, whereas flat surface and indistinct cell border were characteristic during meterstrus and diestrus. 4. Microvilli which aligned on the surface were longer and most abundant during estrus while short and aparse during other phases. 5. Cytochemical studies indicated that during metestrus acid phosphatase activities were localized in the microvilli and vacuoles, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significant around luminal surface and lateral cell membrane in the surface epithelial cells. ATPase activities were present on the microvilli and cell membrane during proestrus and estrus.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 1988

The distributions of bacterial numbers and activities were studied bimonthly in 1987, at 3 sites in Lade Paro for elucidating the changes by disturbance of aquatic ecosystem. The total bacterial number was $0.3\times 10^{5}-13.1\times ^{5}$ cells/ml. The geterotrophic bacterial number had the variance from $1.9\times 10^{3}$ CFUs/ml to $3.1\times 10^{4}$CFUs/ml and the variation trend was similar to that of the total bacterial number. The proportions of alpha-glucosidase or beta-glucosidase releasing bacteria showed temporal changes rather than spatial changes. The proportions of phosphatase releasing bacteria had the maximum values, 22.7-83.0%, in July. The electron transpory system activity revealed the variation from $480{\mu}gO_{2}$/l/day to $1696{\mu}gO_{2}$/l/day and hagher values at upper stream and in summer. The degradation fraction by phosphatase was 0.4-9.1%/h and increased with temperature. The maximum value of heterotrophic activity was 8.2%/h in summer. Eventhough the distributions of total bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were affected by the water disturbance but microbial activities and proportions of the specific enzume releasing bacteria were not affected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 1983

In order to investigate the effect of autoxidized oil on the enzyme activity in the mouse liver, we administered the fixed dosage of autoxidized methyl linoleate (AOML) to mice once per day for 20 days by using stomach tube and investigated the enzyme activity with the histochemical staining method and biochemical analysis. The following results were obtained: The POV, COV and TBA value in the liver of AOML group were significantly increased than those of normal group. The phospholipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in the liver of AOML group were slightly increased than those of normal group. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver of AOML group were increased than those of normal group but ATPase activity was decreased in the AOML group. The decrease of RNA, accumulation of fat and damage of liver cells were observed as the morphological changes in the liver of AOML group. From the results obtained we conclude that the autoxidized methyl linoleate influenced upon the various enzyme activity and the morphological changes in the mouse liver.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1995

ATPase was the most available phosphatase in culture broth of 5. coli P90C. To measure the stable phosphatase activity it was necessary to react nth reaction reagent over 30 min and then we can get stable optical density at 410 m. Transfer time from preculture to main culture for the production of $\beta$-glactosidase was good after 3 hrs cultivation. Phosphatase activity was highest at log phase in main culture and as the cell begins to make $\beta$-galactosidase phosphatase activity begins to decrease.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.47-51
• /
• 1973

A benzomorphan derivative, pentazocine has both opioid agonistic actions and weak narcotic antagonistic activity. In this paper, authors attempted to study the dose response of pentazocine on the blood sugar level, serum transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity in rabbits. Eighteen rabbits were devided into 3 groups, and each group were injected with pentazocine 5mg, 15mg, and 30mg/kg respectively. And metabolic effects were investigated measuring the change of blood sugar contents, serum transaminase (S-GOT, S-GPT) activities and alkaline phosphatase activities in rabbits. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Pentazocine significantly increased the blood sugar content in rabbits. 2. Pentazocine significantly increased the serum GOT activity but in the serum GPT activity, it significantly increased in large dose. 3. Pentazocine significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.90-100
• /
• 1985

The present study was designed to investigate cellular regulation of phosphate metabolism between catabolically repressed and derepressed states in yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum). The activities of various phospatases and the contents of phosphate compounds were detected according to the culture phase and various phosphate concentrations. As the results, Saccharomyces uvarum derepressed many phosphate metabolizing enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and ATPase more than ten fold simultaneously during catabolic repression (phospgate and sugar starvation). At the same state, the amounts of orthophosphate, nucleotidic labile phosphate and acid soluble polypgosphate were increased, compared to basal levels of normally cultivated cells. $Mg^{++}-stimulated$ type among all phospatases was appeared to have most of the enzyme activity. It could be postulated that $K^+ -stimulated$ alkaline phosphatase was directly or indirectly correlated with the synthesis of acid insoluble polyphosphate $Mg^{++}-stimulated$ phosphatase with the degradation of polyphosphates. In case of cultivation in the medium supplemented with sugar and phosphate (catabolic derepression), phospgatase activities except for alkaline phosphatase were decreased rapidly through the progressive batch culture, After 12 hrs culture, at early exponential phase, the cellular accumulation of acid insoluble polyphosphate increased about 5 fold, compared to those of the starved cells. Under catabolic repression, it could be postulated that intracellular phosphate metabolism was regulated by derepressions of phosphatases. The function of polyphosphate system was shown to compensate the ATP/ADP system as phosphate donor and energy source especially during catabolic repression.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 1991

Amoeba sp. was cultured under the light and the dark conditions, and the activity of phosphatases was investigated. There was a linear correlation between the early reaction time and the activity of phosphatases when phosphatases were incubated at 30℃. Then the activity of acid phosphatase was about 2 times higher than that of alkaline phosphatase. The activity of phosphatase was optimal at pH 5.0 in acidic part and at pH 8.0 in alkaline part, respectively. The optimal temperature of phosphatases was near the 40℃. The isozyme patterns of cytoplasmic acid phosphatase were compared with those of membraneous one. Both the isozyme patterns were shown to bo polymorphic on the polyacyamide gel, but different band patterns were observed in the isozymes of the cytoplasmic and the membraneous acid phosphatases. The number of Amoeba sp. under the light stimulus for 48 hours decreased negative exponentially from the illumination. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases under the illumination of light incresed 1.7 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than the activity of those under the dark condition. This result apperars to be related to the mechanism of the autophosphorylation.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 1988

This study was made to investigate the effect of testosterone and cyclic-AMP (cAMP) on rat epididymis. Peritoneai injections of testosterone and cAMP to rats were earned out The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured and ultrastructural changes of luminal epithelial cells were observed. As a result, the activity of ACP was significanily decreased on the third day, that of ALP on the fifth day and that of LDH on the seventh day respectively in castrated group. In addition, the activities of ACP and ALP were significanily increased when treated with testosterone for 5 days, that of LDH when treated with testosterone for 7 days. In case of cAMP and cAMP - theophylline injection, the activities of ACP and LDH were increased but the range of increase was of no significance. However a significant increase in the activity of ALP was seen on both cases. On electron microscopic examination, gradually deformed Golgi complex, destructed mitochondria and disrupted stereociha were observed in castrated group. In case of testosterone injection, disrupted Golgi complex, mitochondria and stereocilia showed recovery. When cAMP and cAMP-theophylline were injected as an alternative, various cytoplasmic organelles as well as Golgi com- plex were recovered but stereocilia remained unrecovered.