• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

In Korean, 'Aspiration Merger' is the result of the heteromorphemic sequence of lenis stop and /h/ becoming a single aspirated stop word-medially. However, the contrast between lenis stop-plus-/h/ and an underlying aspirated stop is maintained when they span Phonological Phrase boundaries. By varying the position in the prosodic domain such as APP (Across Phonological Phrase) and PPM (Phonological Phrase Medial) positions, the phonetic properties of the two categories are compared. In the results from noise duration and change of intensity, lenis stop-plus-/h/ show a large difference between the APP and PPM positions. The results from a noise duration comparison show that the two categories are completely neutralized into aspirated stop in the PPM position and the complete neutralization is sensitive to prosodic phrasing.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

The present study examined if individual listeners' perceptual variations were associated with their cognitive characteristics indexed by the Autistic Spectrum Quotient (AQ). This study first investigated the perception of the lexical pitch accent contrast in the Kyungsang Korean currently undergoing a sound change, and then tested if listeners' perceptual variations were correlated with their AQ scores. Eighteen Kyungsang listeners in their 20s participated in the perception experiment where they identified two contrastive accent words for auditory stimuli systematically varying F0 scaling and timing properties; the participants then completed the AQ questionnaire. In the results, the acoustic parameters reporting reduced phonetic differences across accent contrasts for younger Kyungsang generation played a reliable role in perceiving the HH word from HL, suggesting the discrepancy between the perception and the production in the context of sound change. This study also observed that individuals' perceptual variations were negatively correlated with their AQ sub scores. The present findings suggested that the sound change might appear differently between production and perception with a different time course, and deviant percepts could be explained by individuals' cognitive measure.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2005

This paper suggests an algorithm that can estimate the direction of the sound source in realtime. Our intelligent service robot, WEVER, is used to implement the proposed method at the home environment. The algorithm uses the time difference and sound intensity information among the recorded sound source by four microphones. Also, to deal with noise of robot itself, the kalman filter is implemented. The proposed method takes shorter execution time than that of an existing algorithm to fit the real-time service robot. The result shows relatively small error within the range of ${\pm}$ 7 degree.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

This paper presents our style-based language model adaptation for Korean conversational speech recognition. Korean conversational speech is observed various characteristics of content and style such as filled pauses, word omission, and contraction as compared with the written text corpora. For style-based language model adaptation, we report two approaches. Our approaches focus on improving the estimation of domain-dependent n-gram models by relevance weighting out-of-domain text data, where style is represented by n-gram based tf*idf similarity. In addition to relevance weighting, we use disfluencies as predictor to the neighboring words. The best result reduces 6.5％ word error rate absolutely and shows that n-gram based relevance weighting reflects style difference greatly and disfluencies are good predictor.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.43-57
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• 2011

Chronic mental-handicapped people are lacking in non-verbal expression such as eye contact, intonation, voice volume, facial expression, and gesture as well as the contents of speech, speak with a monotonous voice, fail to be vivid and clear in voice, and have absence of expression, thereby bringing about difficulty even for social adjustment and about low self-esteem. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness for enhancing self-expression and self-esteem by applying music therapy to the chronic mental-handicapped. The subjects were the chronic mental-handicapped who receive rehabilitation service at the community rehabilitation center, and who have over 10 years in the duration of disease. 1he music therapy activity was progressed with totally 14 sessions during 7 weeks with twice a week. This study confirmed t-test that is verification of difference in the mean, in order to examine difference between before and after music therapy in self-expression and self-esteem of the chronic mental-handicapped, and researched into qualitative case. The findings are as follows. First, as a result of score in self-expression scale, the significant improvement was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. The significant difference was indicated in verbal self-expression, phonetic self-expression, and non-verbal self-expression, which are its sub-spheres. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-expression. Second, as a result of score in self-esteem scale, the significant difference was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-esteem. Through the above results, the music therapy showed effectiveness of self-expression ability and self-esteem in the chronic mental-handicapped at the community rehabilitation center, thereby having been confirmed to be possibly utilized as rehabilitation program for the social skill ability and the social adjustment of the chronic mental-handicapped.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2002

This study investigates phonation modes of vowels following the affricate consonants in Korean and English- -tense affricate /c'/, lenis affricate /c/, and aspirated affricate /$c^{h}$/ for Korean; voiced affricate /$\check{J}$/ and aspirated affricate /c/ for English. The investigation makes significant use of the H1*-H2* measure (a normalized amplitude difference between the first and second harmonics) to provide acoustic correlates of the phonation types. The major findings for English are that the H1*-H2* measure at the vowel onset was significantly larger in post-aspirated position than in post-voiced position. The Korean data showed the H1*-H2* measure at the vowel onset to be significantly higher in the post-aspirated class than in the post-tense class. On the other hand, the Fo values for the post-lenis vowels were significantly lower than those of the other two classes during the first half of the vowel. Based on the phonetic results, this study argues for the need to incorporate the [stiff vocal folds] and [slack vocal folds] features into the phonological treatments of Korean affricates, while maintaining the two features [constricted glottis] and [spread glottis].

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Japanese(L1) on the production of Korean accentual phrases(L2). Korean and Japanese have a similar prosodic structure. But different from Korean, Japanese is a pitch accent language. So each word has its own pitch accent. And pitch accents are maintained in the sentence intonation. This difference will have a negative influence on the production of Korean sentence intonation. For this study 4 Korean natives speakers and 10 advanced Japanese learners of Korean participated in the production test. The material analysed constituted 11 Korean sentences, six of which contain formally identical Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese words. The results show that the initial pitch pattern of Korean accentual phrases was affected by Japanese pitch accent types and this interference was greater for formally identical Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese words. But besides initial tones of accentual phrase, some positive interference was observed in the internal tonal pattern of accentual phrase. In the phonetic realization, the internal pitch range and initial pitch rising of accentual phrases was greater for Japanese learners of Korean than native speakers of Korean.

• MALSORI
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• no.38
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• pp.99-112
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• 1999

The aim of this paper is to measure the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k] and 'haneruon' [m/n] produced by Korean and Japanese native speakers. It was shown that in the case of Korean speakers, the duration of geminate of 'sokuon' was 1.5 times longer than that of a single consonant, whereas in the case of Japanese speakers, it was 2 times longer. The difference between Korean and Japanese prosodic structures appears to affect the perception and acquisition of a foreign rhythmic patternm non-existent in the speaker's native tongue. The duration of geminate of [s] was 2 times as long as a single consonant in both Korean and Japanese speakers' production. On the average, the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k/s] was 1.7 times longer than that of a single consonant in Korean speakers' pronunciation, whereas 2 times longer in Japanese speakers' pronunciation. The production of 'haneruon' by either Korean or Japanese speakers yielded a similar result to 'sokoun': 1) geminates lasted longer than a single consonant; 2) single [m] is longer than single [n]: 3) geminate of [n] is 3 times as long as single [n], whereas geminate of [m] is 2 times as long as single [m].

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to analyse the adjustment of the proportion of segment duration in imitating voice. When imitating others' voices, how far is his/her original proportion of segment duration adjusted, and what is this adjustment like under various segments? In this study, I classified segments into consonants and vowels and consonants classified into obstruents and sonorants. The result of the analysis is as follows. ; (1)Individual variation in the proportion of obstruent is not significant, and when imitating, and its distribution is not typicalized. (2) Vowels has individual variation in the proportion of segment duration even under imitating. (3) Nasal has the most distinct individual variation even under imitating, compared with vowel and obstruent. For the further study, I should examine the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative changes in liquid (among sonorant) to find out which segment can best describe personnel characteristics of the proportion of segment duration in imitating voice.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 2001

This paper investigates the manner in which various. syntactic structures with a single meaning implement a consistent intonational pattern by examining English conditional clauses. In the phonetic experiment, we explore the edge tones in three different syntactic clauses which are semantically interpreted as a single conditional meaning (an if-clause, a clause with no if. and a clause with no if but followed by and) and compare them with the edge tone realized in a clause which is not interpreted as a conditional meaning. We also investigate the tonal differences resulting from the semantic difference between conditional and non-conditional meanings. That is, the conditional clauses expressed in three different syntactic structures show a consistent intonational pattern in their clausefinal boundaries; a rising contour (H- or H%) is realized at the edge of the intermediate phrases (ip) or intonational phrases (IP) in 89% of the if-clauses, 72% of the clauses with no if, and 79% of the clauses with no if but followed by and. On the other hand, 82% of the non-conditional clauses have a falling contour (L- or L-L%) in their final edge. Statistically, Chi-Square tests show that these percentages are all significantly higher, which suggests that a conditional meaning implements a consistent intonational pattern though it is expressed through different syntactic structures. Therefore, the result supports Bolinger's (1989) claim that intonation makes an important contribution to discourse interpretation.