• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

As the tangible evidence, documentary art records are permanent records to reflect the historical, symbolical, cultural and artistic value. Also, documentary art records are related with mission fulfillment of public institution and it is documentary with administrative, cultural and artistic values as the works of documentary production and application of the administrative image. "The public records management law" was the first time that administration documents were incorporated and in the act No. 3 of administrative records management, the preservation and management system of documentary art records became legislated. The management of documentary art records are difficult to categorize only by the reflect of characteristics or materials. Because documentary art records are collected in many ways and made with materials. It needs to be collected with many informations on basic materials and with the appropriate conservation and management category. Documentary art records do not have lots of demands but the level of consciousness is improving and the possibility of opening to public is increasing for improvement with the right to know. In near future, the documentary art records will be used for the interpretation of historical and cultural preservation and modern cultural heritage could have the value as it is expected. Primarily to prevent deterioration on documentary art records the standard survey card should be made to categorize the damage rate and to check the status on each documentary art records. In addition, establishing a systematic management plan for various documentary art records are needed with the training of professionals for the conservation of documentary art records.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2015

The cut-slope of a large-sectional tunnel portal is recognized as a potential area of weakness due to unstable stress distribution and possible permanent displacement. This paper presents a case study of a slope failure and remediation for a large-scale cut-slope at a tunnel portal. Extensive rock-slope brittle failure occurred along discontinuities in the rock mass after 46 mm of rainfall, which caused instability of the upper part of the cut-slope. Based on a geological survey and face mapping, the reason for failure is believed to be the presence of thin clay fill in discontinuities in the weathered rock mass and consequent saturationinduced joint weakening. The granite-gneiss rock mass has a high content of alkali-feldspar, indicating a vulnerability to weathering. Immediately before the slope failure, a sharp increase in displacement rate was indicated by settlement-time histories, and this observation can contribute to the safety management criteria for slope stability. In this case study, emergency remediation was performed to prevent further hazard and to facilitate reconstruction, and counterweight fill and concrete filling of voids were successfully applied. For ultimate remediation, the grid anchor-blocks were used for slope stabilization, and additional rock bolts and grouting were applied inside the tunnel. Limit-equilibrium slope stability analysis and analyses of strereographic projections confirmed the instability of the original slope and the effectiveness of reinforcing methods. After the application of reinforcing measures, instrumental monitoring indicated that the slope and the tunnel remained stable. This case study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for similar engineering cases of large-sectional slope stability.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.21
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• pp.71-84
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• 2010

The current distribution structure in Korea film industry is in the multiplex chain. As a result, most small or medium-sized theaters have been excluded from the market, and all the multiplex chain have gradually been formed into the vertical integration structure. The strike by multiplex theaters in Chuncheon who did not screen for one month led to the problem of the vertical integration, which resulted in many effects. Particularly, it caused considerable effect on the cultural desire and instigated movie-goers to turn to illegal content. This study surveys the process in which Korean multiplex theaters in vertical integration structure took over the Korean film market, and consequently, small theaters collapsed, and the theaters in vertical integration structure kick out small theaters in horizontal integration structure, and conducts a survey on the effect of the one-month strike by Chuncheon CGV from September 27 to October 30, 2008 in Chuncheon where said processes had completed so as to determine the effect of and impact of the problem of the vertical integration, monopoly structure. When major consumers of the film industry, i.e., people in their 20s, see their access to newly released films limited due to closing of multiplex theaters, they feel the impulse to access illegal contents. If they miss viewing the newly released films, they prefer to view illegal contents or films on recording media rather than visiting theaters showing those films. They are also influenced by timing of film release. Specifically, methods of illegal access to newly released films, permanent accessibility to them via recording media, and timing of film release influence their viewing patterns.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-163
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• 2003

The study area, Kwangneung Experiment Forest (KEF) is located on the west-central portion of Korean peninsula and belongs to a cool-temperate broadleaved forest zone. At the old-growth deciduous forest near Soribong-peak (533.1m) in KEF, we have established a permanent plot and a flux tower, and the site was registered as a KLTER site and also a KoFlux site. In this study, we aimed to present basic ecological characteristics and synthetic data of carbon budgets and flows, and some monitoring data which are essential for providing important parameters and validation data for the forest dynamics models or biogeochemical dynamics models to predict or interpolate spatially the changes in forest ecosystem structure and function. We made a stemmap of trees in 1 ha plot and analyzed forest stand structure and physical and chemical soil characteristics, and estimated carbon budgets by forest components (tree biomass, soils, litter and so on). Dominant tree species were Quercus serrata and Carpinus laxiflora, and accompanied by Q. aliena, Carpinus cordata, and so on. As a result of a field survey of the plot, density of the trees larger than 2cm in DBH was 1,473 trees per ha, total biomass 261.2 tons/ha, and basal area 28.0 m2/ha. Parent rock type is granite gneiss. Soil type is brown forest soil (alfisols in USDA system), and the depth is from 38 to 66cm. Soil texture is loam or sandy loam, and its pH was from 4.2 to 5.0 in the surface layer, and from 4.8 to 5.2 in the subsurface layer. Seasonal changes in LAI were measured by hemispherical photography at the l.2m height, and the maximum was 3.65. And the spatial distributions of volumetric soil moisture contents and LAIs of the plot were measured. Litterfall was collected in circular littertraps (collecting area： 0.25m2) and mass loss rates and nutrient release patterns in decomposing litter were estimated using the litterbag technique employing 30cm30cm nylon bags with l.5mm mesh size. Total annual litterfall was 5,627 kg/ha/year and leaf litter accounted for 61% of the litterfall. The leaf litter quantity was highest in Quercus serrata, followed by Carpinus laxiflora and C. cordata, etc. Mass loss from decomposing leaf litter was more rapid in C. laxiflora and C. cordata than in Q. serrata litter. About 77% of C. laxiflora and 84% of C. cordata litter disappeared, while about 48% in Q. serrata litter lost over two years. The carbon pool in living tree biomass including below ground biomass was 136 tons C/ha, and 5.6 tons C/ha is stored in the litter layer, and about 92.0 tons C/ha in the soil to the 30cm in depth. Totally more than about 233.6 tons C/ha was stored in DK site. And then we have drawn a schematic diagram of carbon budgets and flows in each compartment of the KEF site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 1998

The construction and management of the royal garden and landscape were the most significant project in Choson Dynasty. The kind of the royal garden and landscape were the rear garden of the palace, the groves of the royal shrine and orchard, etc. As the important project of the country, these constructions were controlled by the administrative system without division into the fields of engineering, building and landscaping. The purpose of this study is to investigate the administrative system. In particular, this study is focused on the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape in Hanyang from the 18th century to the late 19th century. This study is based on the analysis of historic documents and a survey of the relics. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The administrative system of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape was composed of the government offices under Industry Board as a permanent organization - Yongjosa, Santaeksa, Chunchonsa, Songonggam, Changwonso - and Togam as a temporary organization. In addition to these organizations, there were Revenue Board, Ceremony Board, Military Board, which served as supporting organizations. The control of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape was held by decision makers, executors of works and management. 2) The general process of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape included Sangji and Kyuho다 as the first step; In case of buildings and facilities, according to former examples and drawings, the most of the planning and design was already fixed. In the case of landscape, those things aimed at construction according to the existing lie of the land. The works in the 2nd step; This process was divided into the construction of facilities and planting. In case of construction of facilities, those works were done by Togam and Songonggam. The high cost works were carried out through Togam and normal repairing works were completed by Songonggam. In case of planting, those works were carried out through Chunchonsa and the military. The management in the 3rd step; This process was done by two parts like the process of works. In case of facilities, management was done 효 the officers of Pongshim. In case of groves of newly - planted trees, this management was done by Tongsanbyonlgam and Tongsanjik who served cultivation and harvest of fruit trees as an expert.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2011

1. Objectives: In this research, job and stress of the staffs who is working on clinical trial of oriental medicine involved in the project of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) was identified. And an efficient way to enhance the working ability of clinical trial of oriental medicine was developed by recognizing the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with their stress. 2. Methods: A survey was conducted on 18 staffs in 12 hospitals who is working in the project of The construction of constitutional information collecting system for the scientification of Sasang Constitution. The collected data was analyzed with computer software of SPSS 17.0 3. Results: The research results are as follows: 1. The staffs of clinical trial of oriental medicine responded that they want to receive the rewards for their work with a salary, and they felt that through clinical demonstration followed by SOP and front face photograph are the most difficult works in clinical trial of oriental medicine. 2. Permanent workers showed higher organizational commitment than temporary workers in the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with general characteristics(p=0.026). 3. In the relationship of job stress with general characteristics, the workers who are higher than college graduates had dissatisfaction in salary with the highest frequency(p=.004), and the workers whose monthly salary is higher than 2 millions won showed the lowest job stress(p=.021). 4. In the relationship of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance with job stress, as job apprehension stress is increased, job performance is dramatically decreased(p=.027). And as improper salary stress is increased, job satisfaction and organizational commitment is dramatically decreased (p=.018, p=.050). 4. Conclusions: It was clearly evidenced that job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance is closely related with stress of the staffs who is working on clinical trial of oriental medicine. And it is highly recommended that the improvement of working condition and the decrease of job stress can enhance the working ability of them.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.791-802
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• 2015

The study was carried out to analyze vegetation structure of Mt. Eungbok located in Jochimryeong to Shinbaeryeong of the Baekdudaegan mountain range. The survey for 25 plots was conducted from April 2012 to August 2013 in the permanent plots using phytosociological analysis. As a result, the vegetations were classified into four vegetation units. In species composition, they were classified into Quercus mongolica community group divided into 2 community such as Ulmus laciniata community and Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica community, U. laciniata community was subdivided Rhododendron schlippenbachii group and Rubus crataegifolius group(into Viola albida subgroup, Rubus oldhamii subgroup). In terms of Importance values according to layer-specific and altitude of ridge, Q. mongolica was the highest importance value of tree layer and Acer pseudosieboldianum was highest importance value of sub tree layer. Therefore Q. mongolica and A. pseudosieboldianum could likely remain in the future of tree layer and sub tree layer respectively. Analysis of dominance most value of vegetation are on about 0.3. In ridge area was a species diversity result, vegetation unit 3 showed the highest value 0.974 and vegetation unit 1 showed the lowest value 0.725. Based on the interspecific association showed four types which were coincident with differential species and character species on the constancy table. Specially type I plant species were mostly differential species and the characteristic species, which appeared in the Rhododendron schlippenbachii community classified phytosociologically, and type III plant species were mostly the species appearing in the Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica community growing in the relatively.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.574-578
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• 2002

Mesiodens is developmental tooth anomaly which is commonly found in clinical pediatric dentistry. however, it may cause many partial problem in tooth alignment when congenitally missing teeth was accompanied by mesiodens. The terms, concomitant hypodontia and hyperdontia' and oligo-pleiodontia' have been used to describe the condition in witch developmental absence of teeth and supernumerary teeth are present in the same individual. Only a few case reports of this rare condition which is opposite developmental phenomena exist in the literature. The purpose of this study is survey of congenitally missing teeth in mesiodens case and to compare previous literature of congenitally missing teeth in normal. The subjects were 310 children(247 male and 63 female) at the age from 5 to 12 years visiting the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pusan National University Hospital with mesiodens for last 3 years. With their pantomograms we studied congenitally missing teeth except permanent 3rd molar. 1. The preference of congenitally missing teeth in mesiodens cases was revealed to be 17.1%(53 out of 310 in total), and there was a higher prevalence in females(22.2%) than in males(15.8%). 2. The most frequently missing teeth were maxillary lateral incisors(22.7%) and mandibular second premolars(22.7%), followed by maxillary second premolar(17.3%), and mandibular lateral incisors(16.0%). There was no significant differences between maxilla(49.3%) and mandible(50.7%). 3. In number of congenitally missing teeth per person, 69.9% had one missing tooth, 22.7% had two missing teeth and 9.4% had three missing teeth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.744-754
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• 2017

In this study, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted with the aim of developing a post-disaster refugee housing performance index system (PPS) to improve the post-disaster refugee housing (PRH) performance criteria for the foundation of quality-based development. The PRH was defined as a mid-term temporary housing facility that is used for a certain period before the permanent housing is established. The safety, rapidity, reusability, habitability, and economy were derived from major performance factors through prior research. A hierarchical PPS was organized by linking the major performance factors with the whole life cycle process of PRH. The priority of each performance index of PPS was determined quantitatively using the analytic hierarchy process through an expert survey. Based on AHP analysis, the performance criterion of the total weight 1-10 ranking and the performance criterion of the first rank in each category were classified into the essential performance criterion (must be achieved) and the others were classified into the recommended performance criterion (optional achieved) and the performance index was constructed considering all stages of PRH development. With the completion of the PRH performance index, it is expected that victims will be able to secure stable residence and return to their daily lives quickly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5020-5028
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of awareness of oral health on oral health status and oral health behavior with subjects of students in the middle school which is the important period when lifetime set of teeth is completed with eruption of the second molar tooth and complete set of permanent teeth, and provide the basic data for development of oral health program for adolescents. We examined oral condition and conducted the survey about students' awareness of oral health and behavior in the middle school located in JeonJu. As the results of oral examination, dental caries and malocclusion were higher in female students and periodontal disease was higher in male students (p < 0.038). There was no significant difference in awareness of oral health between male and female students. However, M = 4.08 out of 5 point scale, which was high. For oral health behaviors, female students (M = 4.508) was higher than male students (M = 4.257) in the question of 'I visit the dental office when my gums are bleeding'. Female students (M = 4.547) was higher than male students (M = 4.333) in the question of 'I use the dental floss after brushing my teeth'(p<0.05). Awareness of oral health gave the significant effect on the oral health behavior at 95 % confidence level. Therefore, the education for oral health behavior is required to improve oral health and studies are needed to present the development of program for awareness and knowledge of oral health affecting behavior.